What are the advantages and disadvantages of bioremediation compared to physical and chemical remediation?

The use of organisms, especially microorganisms, to catalyze the degradation of organic pollutants, thereby removing or eliminating environmental pollution in a controlled or spontaneous process called bioremediation.

Advantages: low cost; low environmental impact; minimizes pollutant concentrations; treats sites where other technologies are difficult to apply; bioremediation can treat both contaminated soil and groundwater.

Disadvantages: microorganisms cannot degrade all pollutants entering the environment; bioremediation requires specific examination; bioremediation can only degrade specific substances; microbial activity is affected by temperature and other environmental conditions.

Extended information

Methods of remediation of contaminated soil by plants.

1, plant extraction: pollutants are absorbed and accumulated by plants, and the plants are harvested and then treated; microbial and chemical treatments can be performed after harvesting.

2, plant volatilization: pollutants are absorbed by plants into the body and converted into gaseous substances released into the atmosphere.

3, plant stabilization: plants and soil *** with the role of the pollutants will be fixed to reduce its harm to living things and the environment.

4, plant transformation: plants and their associated microbiota will pollutants into non-toxic substances. There are three mechanisms for phytoremediation of organic pollutants: direct uptake and accumulation of non-phytotoxic metabolites in plant tissues; release of enzymes that promote biochemical reactions; and enhanced inter-root mineralization.