The role and impact of e-commerce, short and simple.

1.3.1 The impact of e-commerce on human work and lifestyle

E-commerce role of society is a market economy, it is based on the "Internet" is a global network, which is changing people's life, work, learning, entertainment and other aspects.

1. Changes in the way of information dissemination

First of all, the Internet has become a well-known convenient and fast way of contact. Such as e-mail, online telephone, online fax, online paging and other functions of the realization of the Internet not only become an excellent tool for communication between private individuals, but also for e-commerce is an excellent tool.

Secondly, Internet has also become a new communication medium. As a broad, broad, open and effective communication for most people, Internet has low access costs, can be accessed anytime and anywhere, easy to disseminate and independence of time and space. And the network dissemination of information has the characteristics of two-way, customers according to their own needs to obtain information, questions, no time, geographical restrictions. The reason why stock information sites are hot is that stock trading and stock query can be carried out. Sports sites attract many sports enthusiasts because they not only have real-time sports reports, but also allow sports enthusiasts to post their own comments on them. Other two-way information services are also available through the Internet, such as the yellow pages where you can find business opportunities and job sites where you can search for jobs.

At the same time, online publishing has also had a big impact on traditional publishing. Compared with traditional print publications, online publications have many different characteristics. First of all, online publications are extremely cheap. In a situation where paper is very tight and expensive, the advantages of online publications are extraordinarily obvious. Secondly, another advantage of online publications is their wide readership. Anyone likes to read more, so good web pages spread more widely than good books and newspapers, a phenomenon that will become more and more evident as the number of Internet users increases. More importantly, because online publications use hypertext files, they can be linked to by way of links to all the content in the Internet that is relevant to that web page. Whether you are doing theoretical research, reading the news, or looking for business information, you can easily find the relevant material.

2. Changes in Lifestyle

The Internet is slowly integrating into people's daily life, and people can express their opinions on it, attend parties, shop, watch movies, play games, read books, collect, travel, and so on. People of different ages can find their own areas of activity on the Internet. Children can play games through the Internet, and a great variety of games make children love to play. Students use Internet to apply for university admission and check the information of each university, such as test scores, specialty settings, teacher situation and so on. Young people use the Internet to make friends and fall in love. Adults can use the Internet to collect information, learn about changes in tax laws, process and fill out tax forms and pay taxes through the Internet. Elderly people use the Internet to chat and spend time.Internet is changing every aspect of people's life, and at the same time, it also brings some new problems. Children are addicted to the Internet, which consumes their precious study time. Certain websites instill unhealthy ideas in teenagers, and information pollution has become a new problem that parents must consider. The protection of family privacy is also being increasingly emphasized, and the government must also consider the new problem of cybercrime.

3. Changes in the office

E-commerce has made it possible to work from home. The purpose of the company's office is to complete the task, e-commerce way to ensure timely communication and business processes, so the office can be flexible, no matter where, what time can be office business processes. Especially for the implementation of independent tasks for managers, can be convenient at home in a timely manner to deal with business, do not have to spend more time on the road and face-to-face communication. Work at home for reducing the burden of urban transportation, reduce urban pollution will also play a good effect.

4. Changes in the way of consumption

The promotion of e-commerce, on the one hand, to make home shopping a reality, consumers can really do without leaving the house, you can compare the goods; on the other hand, the way of payment of the consumer will also get a big change, the consumer only need to have a network account, you can be in any place, at any time, 24 hours a day without interruption using the Banking services, including savings, transfers and other businesses, but also credit cards, securities, trading, insurance and corporate financial management.

5. Changes in the way of education

In the past few years, cyber universities and online distance education have become a hot topic for people to talk about. They all belong to a way of modern distance education, based on computer communication technology and network technology, using remote real-time, multi-point, two-way interactive multimedia modern teaching means, real-time transmission of sound, images, electronic courseware and teacher's book, teachers and students in two places can be like on-site teaching two-way audio-visual question and answer, is a realization of the process of transmitting across the time and space of education. Distance education is low-input and high-output. First of all, it does not need student dormitories, does not need to serve the student life of the huge logistical support agencies, school administrators and institutions are also greatly reduced. Second, it excludes geographical differences, and real-time, interactive distance education allows for the communication and exchange of a wide range of ideas. Third, the advantages of good teachers and materials can be best utilized. Fourth, online education and training for all age levels, a variety of knowledge structures, a variety of demand levels and practitioners of various industries to provide a new learning path, breaking through the traditional education system in time, space and resource constraints.

1.3.2 E-Commerce and Business Management Change

With increasing competition in the marketplace, companies are making some fundamental changes, relying on information and information technology to gain greater benefits. Along with the opportunities presented by the Internet, the need for effective business collaboration and communication aspects of organizations is stronger than ever. In order to reduce costs, increase responsiveness, improve internal processes and enhance customer service, companies have been using information technology in recent years to reduce costs, increase organizational effectiveness, and redesign and restructure key business processes. The business landscape now requires companies to extend their traditional corporate boundaries and streamline their interrelationships with partners, suppliers and users to new levels. With increasing computing power and bandwidth, the demand for multiple forms of engagement, collaboration, and communication over the Internet will continue to increase rapidly, both in terms of business and customer needs. Examples of these types of applications include customer service, complaint handling, financial services, sales automation, and human resource management. Below we look at the impact of e-commerce from several aspects of business management concepts, organizational structure, business production methods, collaboration and competition.

1. E-commerce is changing the concept of business management

For enterprises, with the development of global network communication technology, especially the Internet in the world's popularity and expansion, so that the business space expanded to the global. E-commerce close the relationship between the enterprise and the market, so that the production management and business processes within the enterprise has undergone a radical change, forcing enterprises to change the traditional business concepts.

First of all, it is the transformation of the concept of space and time. E-commerce is carried out through the network, when the businessman through the Internet for business activities, they must first of all on the traditional concept of space and time to amend the formation of no geographical boundaries and no time interruption (global +7 days × 24 hours) new ideas. E-commerce is precisely a place where the boundaries of time and space of traditional markets are narrowed by virtual means. This approach, on the one hand, reduces transaction costs and improves transaction efficiency; on the other hand, it increases the intensity of competition. In front of people, it will be a global, all-round competition.

Secondly, the low-cost expansion of the concept of change, the large-scale popularization and application of e-commerce, so that people's understanding of the relationship between capital and profit has changed, so that low-cost expansion is possible. The development of network technology, e-commerce activities, fundamentally speaking, is to narrow the intermediate path - to narrow the time path between production and consumption, spatial path and interpersonal path. The network instantly moves the information needed by the enterprise across thousands of miles, bringing producers and consumers, who have been distanced by capital, back into close contact. Capital separates production and consumption, while the network integrates them. Profit, as social wealth, is distributed in such a way that it is never subordinate to the productive forces of society. In the absence of capital inputs, profits go with those who have information. The role of the information productivity represented by the network for the creation and enhancement of profits is that it provides technical possibilities to fundamentally overcome the blindness of production, so that human behavior improves the success rate of goal achievement. The source of profit in the information society does not depend only on capital, but also on information, the rapid dissemination of which will bring huge profits.

Third is to establish a new marketing concept, the future success of the marketer, must have a new marketing concepts. 21st century the world's largest market must be the e-commerce market, the largest customer base must be hundreds of millions of Internet users. As the future market concept of network marketing, we believe that it is highlighted as the following three characteristics:

(1) speed. Engaged in marketing activities in the network market, pay attention to a "fast" word, the speed should be high, the action should be fast. This speed, first of all, in the renewal of products. Secondly, this speed is manifested in the website content update speed. No content update website, will soon be abandoned by customers. Thirdly, this speed is manifested in the speed of information query. Slow query speed of the site, including the home page to call up slow, poor retrieval function of the site, are unlikely to be favored by customers.

(2) Credit. E-commerce is paperless trade, and in contrast to traditional marketing, it has no physical medium to secure transactions; it relies on passwords, authentication and other confidentiality measures.

(3) Service. E-mail for the communication between manufacturers and customers to create extremely favorable conditions. The most important feature is that it is fast, accurate, and can reflect the opinions of customers in a timely manner. Timely response to customer e-mail, to meet the reasonable requirements of customers, to provide high-quality after-sales service, and strive to improve the relationship with customers, is a new concept of e-marketing must be established by each vendor.

Fourth is the formation of a new concept of learning, in the knowledge economy, learning is a condition of survival. Learning organization is the model of successful enterprises in the knowledge economy. E-commerce shows a new world for online enterprises. Moreover, due to the rapid development of network marketing technology, even industry insiders are often "confused". To maintain a competitive edge in e-commerce, managers and employees need to continue to learn and train.

2. The impact of e-commerce on the business environment

(1) Market structure

E-commerce has changed the traditional market structure, shortening the supply chain distance between manufacturers and end users. Enterprises can bypass the traditional dealers and communicate directly with customers, customer demand will be directly converted into production orders, which not only can greatly increase the contact between enterprises and consumers, and can reduce many intermediate links, so that enterprises can significantly reduce the operating and management costs, thus changing the traditional market structure.

(2) Business Structure

The whole basis of traditional business existence is the distance between producers and consumers in time and space, and the role of the mall is to act as a bridge between them. The mall is the hub where material flows (goods) and information flows (prices) converge. In the industrial economy, without the intermediary of traditional commerce, production and consumption would be both inconvenient and inefficient. But in the network economy, the fundamental raison d'être of the shopping mall has been shaken. More and more manufacturers have their own online homepages, releasing product information and price information in large quantities. The intermediary industry will die out in large numbers, and new industries will arise and emerge.

(3) Industry Structure

The impact of e-commerce on the industry structure is mainly manifested in two aspects: First, the service-oriented new industries arise. Such as network trading centers, electronic shopping malls, e-commerce consulting services companies, e-commerce application software development companies. Their personnel composition has several characteristics: youthful, high-quality, interdisciplinary, inter-professional, and most of them are business administration, finance and economics, information management, computer network professional integrated talents. Secondly, transnational management has become a reality. Due to the establishment of e-commerce system, making large-scale cross-border organizations, cross-regional business activities become possible. Some famous retailers have expanded their business scope and scale, and organized cross-regional and cross-border business activities to reduce costs and capture market share. Some big chain giants such as Sears, McDonald's, Wal-Mart, etc., have created their own virtual stores on the network to adjust the traditional business structure and layout to adapt to the new management mode.

3. E-commerce is affecting the organization of enterprises

E-commerce is changing the world, the Internet has changed the way information is transmitted, and this change is the most important is embodied in the organization of business management changes.

First of all, Internet-based e-commerce is bringing a great impact on the traditional form of organization of enterprises. It breaks the traditional functional departments depend on the process of completing the whole work through division of labor and collaboration, giving rise to the idea of parallelism and teamwork. In addition to the marketing and sales departments dealing with customers, other departments of the enterprise can also have frequent contact with customers through the e-commerce network, thus changing the situation of indirect contact in the past. Under the conditions of e-commerce, the traditional boundaries between the organizational units of the enterprise are broken down, and the form of production organization will be reintegrated, and begin to establish a kind of direct service to the customer's team. This team's organizational model and the market directly in line with the market's final results to measure the organization of their own production processes and the collaboration between the organizational units of good and bad. In this way, in the e-commerce environment, due to the information resources **** enjoyment, the department's collaborative work, the enterprise's organization gradually by the traditional "pyramid" organization to the horizontal, networked organizational structure development.

Secondly, due to the implementation of e-commerce, the business activities of enterprises to break the time and space constraints, there will be a completely new form of business organization - virtual enterprises. This virtual enterprise breaks the boundaries between enterprises, between industries, between regions, the existing resources optimized combination into a no walls, beyond the constraints of time and space, the use of electronic means of contact, unified command of the operating entity.

4. E-commerce is changing the way of production and business

E-commerce has changed the way of production. E-commerce as a fast, convenient means of shopping, it makes the sale of production more convenient and easy to implement, the market and production, production and consumption of direct communication. Enterprises through the computer network to show the quality of their products, performance, price, pre-sale and after-sale service and payment terms, etc., customers take what they need, issued orders, and even through the computer network will be their own personalized, special needs show in front of the enterprise. Enterprise production department according to the computer network to transfer the ordering information in a timely manner to arrange production or adjust the production scale and variety, so as to achieve small batch, multi-species, zero inventory, instant manufacturing and delivery of the ideal model, reduce unnecessary intermediate links, reduce blind production and inventory backlog, conducive to the production of marketable products, saving social labor and economic resources, greatly improving the efficiency of business activities to adapt to the trend of production and consumption in modern society. In this transformation process, the decision-making mechanism of the enterprise is also changing, and the management of the enterprise is transformed from centralized system to decentralized system. The implementation of e-commerce, so that enterprises in the past a highly centralized decision-making center organization changed into a decentralized multi-center decision-making organization. Many shortcomings under the single decision-making (bureaucracy, inefficiency, structural rigidity, communication barriers), have disappeared in the polycentric organizational model. Corporate decisions are made by multifunctional organizational units that are cross-departmental and cross-functional. This multi-organizational unit *** with the participation of *** share responsibility, *** enjoy the benefits of the decision-making process, enhance the sense of participation and decision-making ability of employees, mobilize the enthusiasm of employees, and improve the scientific level of corporate decision-making.

5. E-commerce has changed the way of collaboration and competition

The essence of the development of modern information technology and management is to achieve high-efficiency, automated process management, the flow of information to optimize the flow of material and energy, that is, through the realization of technology, to help people achieve the optimization of the business process to reduce the internal consumption, and to improve the efficiency of the operation. E-commerce is such a modern computer network technology and management combined with an advanced management style. Specifically, e-commerce on the collaboration and competition in the way the enterprise has brought about changes in five aspects:

(1) e-commerce changed the contractual relationship between enterprises, accurate and timely exchange of information so that the stability of the enterprise contract to increase the contract to improve the contract signing rate and the rate of performance, which further strengthens the management of the contract between enterprises.

(2) E-commerce not only provides consumers and enterprises with more opportunities to choose consumption and develop the sales market, but also provides a closer place for the exchange of information, thus providing the ability of enterprises to grasp the market and consumers to understand the market.

(3) E-commerce promotes the ability of enterprises to develop new products and provide new types of services. E-commerce allows companies to quickly learn about consumer preferences, needs and shopping habits, and at the same time can provide timely feedback of consumer needs to the decision-making level, thus facilitating the research and development activities carried out by companies in response to consumers.

(4) E-commerce expands the competitive field of enterprises, so that enterprises from the conventional advertising competition, promotional tools, product design and packaging and other areas of competition to the invisible virtual competition space.

(5) E-commerce eliminates the intangible barriers to competition, which is mainly manifested in a certain degree of reduction of the initial cost of entry into the competitive market for new enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises.

In summary, the wide application of e-commerce promotes the development of enterprises and triggers the enterprise management innovation movement. First of all, the development of e-commerce promotes the traditional enterprises to reform from the system, especially from the organizational setup, the creation of incentives for enterprise employees, etc., and rapidly change to the flat and flexible organizational structure. Secondly, the development of e-commerce prompts enterprises to constantly track the latest development of enterprise-related technology, timely development and introduction of advanced technology, and strive for the initiative in market competition; thirdly, e-commerce forces enterprises to pay more attention to the changes in the market, especially the changes in the network market on the impact of the enterprise's production and business activities, enterprises must be through a variety of ways of market innovation, so that it may be possible to lock the customer, to survive. Survival; Fourth, e-commerce on the quality of management personnel and management level of enterprises to put forward higher requirements, to absorb and understand a variety of modern advanced management ideas and methods, such as business process reengineering (BPR), virtual enterprises, learning organizations and so on.

1.3.3 Benefit Analysis of E-Commerce

Enterprises, as the form of organization that provides products and services for the society, are the main promoters and direct beneficiaries of e-commerce application, so the benefit analysis of e-commerce should also start from the enterprises.

1. Reducing Transaction Costs

(1) E-commerce can reduce the cost of promotion

Although it requires a certain amount of investment to set up and maintain a company's Web site, the cost of using the Internet has been greatly reduced compared with other sales channels.Internet can also make traditional forms of sales organization, such as hierarchical wholesale channels, classified sales, etc. more The Internet can also make traditional forms of sales organization, such as hierarchical wholesale channels and category sales, more effective. With automated ordering, salespeople can concentrate on building and maintaining customer relationships. Electronic catalogs provide more information and easier access than paper catalogs. Direct-to-market online services shorten the purchasing cycle and increase the ability to sell collateral products.

(2) E-commerce can reduce purchasing costs

Because with the help of the Internet, enterprises can seek suppliers with the best prices in the global market, and through the information ****sharing with suppliers, they can minimize losses due to inaccurate information in the intermediate links. At the same time, enterprises can strengthen the collaborative relationship with the main suppliers, raw materials and product manufacturing process organically with the formation of integrated information transfer and information processing system. Purchasing staff also have more time to concentrate on the negotiation of contract terms, and focus on the establishment of a more solid purchasing and selling relationship with suppliers. Some data show that the global use of EDI in the value-added network for the transaction of products and services has exceeded 150 billion U.S. dollars. The use of EDI usually saves companies 5% to 10% of their purchasing costs.

If large corporations can reduce purchasing costs through value-added networks, the advent of the Internet has similarly provided small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) with the opportunity to reduce purchasing costs and capture new transactions. Corporate online purchasing is only just beginning, and there is not yet enough to see its impact on transaction costs for society as a whole. However, the examples of individual companies illustrate the huge and growing potential of online purchasing.

2. Optimizing Inventory

Enterprises are forced to maintain inventories of products in order to cope with the vagaries of market demand, and they often maintain inventories of raw materials because of their uncertainty about the raw material market. One of the main reasons for inventory is poor information, information technology-based e-commerce can change the enterprise decision-making information inaccurate and untimely problem. Through the Internet can be the market demand information to the enterprise decision-making production, while the enterprise production information can be immediately passed to the supplier in time to supplement the supply, so as to achieve zero inventory management.

The longer the production cycle of the product, the enterprise in order to deal with possible delivery delays, delivery errors, the more the need for more inventory on the market demand changes in response to the slower. Moreover, the increase in inventory will also increase the cost of operations and reduce the profitability of the enterprise. What's more, high inventory levels do not guarantee better service to customers. And, of course, shortages caused by low inventories can cause impatient customers to look elsewhere.

Therefore, managing inventory levels appropriately not only allows customers to be satisfied, but also minimizes operating costs for the business. In order to achieve the above goals and improve the management of inventory, companies can reduce the total amount of inventory by increasing labor productivity and on the basis of improving the inventory turnover rate.

In short, a reduction in inventory means that the enterprise will realize substantial savings in raw material supply, warehousing and administrative expenses.

3. Shorten the production cycle

The production of a product is the result of the collaboration of many enterprises, so the design and development of products and production and sales may involve a number of related enterprises, the development of the Internet is to strengthen the breadth and depth of business contacts. Now distributed in different areas of the personnel can work together through the Internet, *** with the completion of a research and development projects. Through e-commerce can change the past information closed phased cooperation for the information *** enjoyment of collaborative work, thus minimizing the waiting time due to information closure.

The cost of production of each product involves the expenditure of fixed costs, the amount of fixed cost expenditure does not vary with the number of products, but is related to the cycle of production. This fixed cost includes depreciation of equipment, fixed asset investment costs. If the production cycle for producing a particular product is shortened, then the fixed cost per unit of each product is also relatively reduced. The realization of e-commerce to shorten the production cycle, the production cost per unit is reduced.

For example, according to the traditional development procedure, it usually takes at least three years for a Japanese automobile manufacturer to develop a new model from concept to large-scale production. The traditional development process works like this: first, a clay model of the entire vehicle, equivalent to life-size, needs to be made in order to observe the true shape of the vehicle body; modifications are then made to the model, which takes several months; once the final model proposal has been finalized, a variety of design drawings need to be made by hand to determine whether the various parts will work in harmony with each other and whether it will be economically feasible to produce the entire vehicle; engineers then make further modifications to the project design specifications based on design Once the design drawings are finalized, the engineers begin designing individual parts and their production molds; then the purchasing agent works with the supplier to produce sample molds and design drawings for parts for the pilot production line; if all goes well, the production and engineering staff will begin trial assembly to see if there are any problems with the production line; and finally, after a number of revisions, the new products are put into large-scale production. can be put into large-scale production.

Today, the use of computer networks provides a fast way to design and develop automobiles. All design and development personnel, including designers, engineers, suppliers, manufacturers, and production line staff work together over the network, participating in the entire design and development process online from start to finish. The operation of the computer network turned months of design into days. The computer network also allows the different staff members of the project to *** enjoy information and work together without having to wait for the previous department to complete its work before proceeding to the next department. Through the use of Computer-Aided Design (CAD), Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM), and Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE), all developers can *** enjoy computer files and use three-dimensional design. * Enjoy computer files and design models using 3D design techniques without the need for hand-drawn drawings. All optimized designs can be implemented on the computer, eliminating the need to create sample molds and parts.

When the final design is finalized, the computer-aided production materials are automatically loaded into the machinery that produces the molds and parts. The same computer network technology automatically adjusts the operation of the production line to ensure that the manufacturing process is carried out in strict accordance with the design and development specifications. As a result, the cycle time for developing and manufacturing a new automobile has been reduced to 13 months through a computer network in which developers work together and *** enjoy information.

4. More efficient service and increased business opportunities

24-hour online service. The time difference that exists around the world causes inconvenience in international business negotiations. It is quite expensive for companies to provide 24-hour-a-day customer support and service in the traditional way. However, the Internet's Web pages, unlike staffed sales, allow for 24-hour online service, where products are introduced, technical support is provided, and order processing is checked to improve customer satisfaction.

The 24-hour online on-line service can lead to an increase in sales to a certain extent, for example, Expro Corporation is a machine builder that supplies parts to oil companies. The company has set up an online trading page that allows Shell Oil engineers on offshore platforms in the North Sea to place orders immediately, rather than having to come back to shore as they would otherwise have to do. The engineers recognize that the number of orders placed this way has increased dramatically, so they place orders as soon as they have a real need for the product.

The transaction costs of online trading would be greatly reduced if 24-hour online trading could be linked to a computer network for a company's raw materials purchasing and product manufacturing processes without human intervention. Online-style stores are able to operate 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, in a way that actual stores in the traditional marketplace are hardly able to do.

24-hour global operation. Because e-commerce operates globally 24 hours a day, online businesses can reach markets that traditional sales and advertising methods cannot. For example, a manufacturer's plastics professional sitting in front of his or her personal computer can manipulate an Internet browser to find suppliers of industrial plastics products on the Web; and a small supplier with a limited sales force can be brought to the attention of the manufacturer's professional through the Web. By the same token, whereas a small store's sales force would never be able to reach thousands of consumers, selling on the Internet opens up more specialized markets, not only in one's own country but also globally, in order to develop new markets with great profit potential.

5. Reducing reliance on physical infrastructure

Traditional businesses must be supported by infrastructure, such as warehousing facilities, product showrooms, and sales outlets. However, modern businesses have been able to achieve the effect of opening new sales channels by setting up Web sites on the Internet. The Internet has provided opportunities for the development of those emerging businesses that operate virtually. In the case of virtual operations, companies can hold as little inventory as possible, or none at all, and may not have to have physical space to operate.

For information products, such as newspapers and magazines, audio-visual entertainment, computer software and information provision, if the product itself can be realized online transactions and online delivery, then the storage facilities are completely superfluous. The entire sales chain, from development, ordering, payment to product delivery can be realized online.

Even for stores with physical retail outlets, virtual stores can be set up online without the constraints of physical space, such as shelf space. In principle, the variety of products that can be sold in an online virtual store can be unlimited. In order to be more competitive, online stores can be more flexible in their operations. For example, for the type of business goods, how much inventory and pricing and other aspects can be flexible at any time.

In short, an online virtual store can attract more customers, display a wider variety of products, and be more flexible in its operations. However, such stores must offer customers more favorable terms of sale, such as return conditions, because customers are not able to inspect the merchandise in person at the time of purchase.

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