Handbook about lantern festival 300 words

Lantern fair is an ancient folk culture in China, generally refers to the Spring Festival around the time of the Lantern Festival, organized by the official large-scale exhibition of lanterns, and often accompanied by a number of folk activities, very traditional and local characteristics. During the Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first month of the lunar calendar, it is customary for Chinese folk to view lanterns.

The Eastern Han Dynasty, Shun Di, Pei State Fengren Zhang Daoling in Sichuan Heming Mountain to create a "five-doumei Road" and held a "lamp sacrifice bucket" ceremony, to be counted so far to learn the oldest original lanterns. During the Southern Dynasty, the national capital of Jiankang (now Nanjing) appeared the custom of organizing the traditional Lantern Festival of the Lantern Festival, whose grandeur was the highest in the country. The Lantern Festival flourished in the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty, reaching its peak during the Ming Dynasty.

On May 20, 2006, the Qinhuai Lantern Festival declared by Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, was approved by the State Council to be included in the first national list of intangible cultural heritages (Category: Folklore; No. X-50). [1]

On June 7, 2008, the lantern festival declared by a number of places was approved by the State Council to be included in the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage list (Category: Folklore; No. X-81). [2]

Every year, on the 15th day of the first month of the lunar calendar, the Lantern Festival is ushered in, a traditional Chinese festival. The first month of the lunar calendar is the first month of the year, and the ancient people called the night "night", so the 15th day of the first month is called the Lantern Festival. The fifteenth day of the first month is the first full moon of the year, and is also the night of the restoration of the new year and the return of spring to the earth, which is celebrated by the people, and is also the continuation of the celebration of the New Year. The Lantern Festival is also known as the "Festival of the New Year".

According to Chinese folk tradition, on this day the moon is high in the night, people have to point up ten thousand colored lanterns, to show the celebration. Going out to enjoy the moon, burning lanterns and setting off fireworks, guessing riddles, *** eating Lantern Festival, family reunion, celebrating the festival together, a happy and harmonious.

According to documentary records, as early as the beginning of the Southern Dynasties, the capital city of Nanjing held a Lantern Festival, is China's earliest recorded Lantern Festival. In order to pray for good weather, family and world peace, the scene of lights and colors, began to move from the forbidden palace, religious places to the people, "lights all over the city," the scene is quite spectacular. In this regard, Liang Jianwendi Xiao Gang, Chen Houzhu, etc. have used vivid poetry, depicting the use of lanterns to add festive atmosphere of the Southern Dynasties of the social trend.

Nanjing, the capital of China during the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern Dynasties, was inhabited by many dignitaries, aristocrats and celebrities along the Qinhuai River, and they followed the example of the court by displaying lanterns and colorful decorations during the Lantern Festival. The Eastern Jin Dynasty poet Xi Chien-t'ai wrote a poem called "Poetry Lanterns" to describe the situation of the lanterns at that time. During the reign of Emperor Xiaowu of the Southern Song Dynasty, the rapid development of paper technology and its low cost replaced the massive use of silk fabrics, resulting in the rapid development of the art of lanterns.

In the Han and Jin dynasties, the ruler of Shu County had to "indulge the people in fun and frolic in the Western Garden" when the flowers bloomed in the spring and moonlit months. At the same time, the lights are red and flaming, in order to whitewash the peace.

Sui since the Lantern Festival Lantern Festival custom began to take formal shape, Lantern Festival Lantern, Lantern and other activities began to take shape, Wei Zheng of the Tang Dynasty, the "Sui Book" of the custom of Nanjing Lantern Festival has a detailed description.

The Lantern Festival

The Tang Dynasty's "Diary of the Lantern Festival" contains a record of Emperor Minghuang of the Tang Dynasty, who fled to Chengdu during the Anshi Rebellion in the fifteenth year of the Tianbao era and went to the streets to view the lanterns with the great Taoist master Ye Qingshan. Lu Zhaolin, one of the "Four Heroes of the Early Tang Dynasty", wrote a poem entitled "Observing the Lanterns", which reads: "A fragrant feast is held in Jinli, and the orchid tanks are colorful in the early years. The red and colorful lanterns are far away from the ground, and the light is far away from the sky. The stars fall from the Han Dynasty, and the moon hangs from the building. There is another thousand gold smiles, to reflect the nine branches of the front." This poem tells the story of the Chengdu Lantern Festival at that time.

Former Shu Emperor Wang Jian often "traveled to Raccoon River, since the night up to the day", when "asked also put lights, rate of no fixed date". After the Shu emperor Meng Chang had "on the yuan to watch the lights on the terrace."

Li Shangyin in the "first night of the first month of the fifteenth night heard the capital has lights hate to see" a poem cloud: "moonlight lights full of the imperial capital, incense car carriage pass through the streets." It can be seen that the Tang Dynasty lantern fair has had a considerable scale.

In the first year of the Northern Song Dynasty (1034), the Temple of the Most Sacred King Wenxuan (today's Nanjing Fuzimiao) was built in Nanjing to worship Confucius, and the banks of the Qinhuai River became a place of attraction, and lanterns began to appear in the Fuzimiao area and developed rapidly.

Xin Qiji's "The Case of the Green Jade" (青玉案-元夕)："The east wind releases thousands of flowers at night. The stars are like rain. BMWs and carvings fill the road with fragrance. The sound of phoenix xiao is moving, the light of the jade pot is turning, and the fish and dragons are dancing all night long." It is also a vivid description of the lantern festival in the Southern Song Dynasty.

According to Zhou Mi's "Old Story of Wulin", Lin'an, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, was initially only a number of teahouses along the street, hanging lanterns for sale during the Lantern Festival, and so on for a few years, and gradually became a climate, and then formed a lantern market. Lantern market generally in the Lantern Festival started a few days before. In order to make the lantern market lively, the capital Yin every year sent people to the lantern market patrol, according to the number of lanterns hanging in each store, a certain number of candles, lamp oil and fees. On the fifteenth day of the first month, the governor himself would go to the lantern market, and his entourage would carry a pocket full of banknotes and give red envelopes to the wandering vendors in the lantern market to thank them for their contribution to the prosperity of the lantern market, which was called "buying the market.

The Lantern Festival

In order to ensure the safety of the people enjoying the lanterns, the local officials in the security is also a great effort. Every year, during the lantern festival, the busy and bustling neighborhoods were lit with giant candles or pine firewood as street lamps, and soldiers stood by to maintain order. Street lamps will be escorted next to a few criminals to show the public, written on the body of the reason for the crime. Such as stealing women's head hairpin jewelry, or behave inappropriately, taking advantage of the crowd, in the women's side of the hooligan by and by. In fact, these people have been held in prison before the crime, will be taken out of the top cylinder to show the public, the purpose is to warn the offenders, as far as possible to nip the crime in the bud.

The Emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty was also very supportive of the Lantern Festival. Every year at the time of the second drum of the Lantern Festival, the emperor rode in a cart and led his palace staff to view Ao Shan on Xuan De Men. Ao Shan is a high platform in the shape of an ao in the center of the lantern market, on which hundreds of lanterns are hung. The scale of the Ao Shan, in the "Song Xuanhe Remains" has a clear record: "since the winter solstice, under the hands of the build Ao Shan high lamps, long sixteen zhang, wide two hundred and sixty-five paces, in the middle of the two ao pillar." In Water Margin, the background description of Li Kui's haunting of Tokyo may have been taken from these real-life episodes.

When the emperor was enjoying the lanterns, the Jing Yin would have a select group of hawkers with clean clothes and hygienic food, or entertainers with beautiful singing and dancing, waiting outside the Xuan De Gate. The emperor would summon these people to perform upstairs, and the concubines and inner circle would buy snacks made by the vendors. Unaware of the prices, their fees were often several times higher than those of ordinary people, and some vendors even became rich overnight as a result.

Lanterns

In addition, Lin'an, some of the big families, but also at home in the garden of the water in the layout of the lanterns, and open the door for people to visit, but also to prepare food and wine hospitality, in order to show that their own family prosperity. And those who live in the quiet alleys of the small family, but also in front of the door to hang a number of five-color glazed bubble lights should be festive, far away, like a fairyland.

The founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang, built the capital of Nanjing, advocating the festival of lights this event, and the capital of Nanjing, the annual Lantern Festival Zhang Lantern time extended to ten nights, making it the longest festival of lights in Chinese history. Qinhuai Lantern Festival in this period into the development of the climax, Zhu Yuanzhang every year to spend a lot of manpower, material and financial resources, to produce a considerable number of colorful lanterns, in order to attract the public to participate in the grand scale of the Lantern Festival.

Ming Dynasty Hongwu five years (1372) Lantern Festival, but also a unique order in the Qinhuai River burning ten thousand water lanterns. Zhu Yuanzhang is also a master of the production of riddles, which promotes the Lantern Festival content to a more colorful direction. Ming Dynasty Yongle seven years (1409) early, Ming Emperor Zhu Di "give all the officials on the New Year's Day holiday for ten days", and continue to put on lights and colors, to create a festive atmosphere. Three years later and ordered the Imperial Palace in Nanjing, outside the Noon Gate, the set of skilled craftsmen to organize the Lantern Festival, elaborate Zhaoshan "Hail" lights, and with the people. After that every year. After the middle of the Ming Dynasty, Nanjing has become the world's largest city at that time, "the South will be a scene of prosperity" and other scrolls, the image depicts the fireworks of the Ao Shan and the people watching the performance of the lively scene. The Lantern Festival depicted in the late Ming Dynasty's Zhengde Jiangning County Records was even more prosperous.

Nanjing 2011 Sutai Lantern Festival

In contrast to the Song Dynasty Lantern Festival, which had strong governmental overtones, the Beijing Lantern Festival of the Ming Dynasty had evolved into a purely market-oriented affair. From the 10th to the 16th day of the first month of the year, merchants and craftsmen from all over the world would gather in Beijing to sell their lanterns on North Street outside Dong'anmen Square. In these few days, it is not only a competition of lantern making craftsmanship, but also a competition of business strength. Beijing near the lamp market stores and housing, every year to the lamp market when the market opens, the rental price will be doubled, to be several times more expensive than usual, if not business is doing a particularly large businessmen, easily do not dare to ask. In addition, the style and craft of the lamp is also new and varied, there are inlaid jewelry lamps, but also from neighboring countries or overseas trafficked back to the lamp, attracting an endless stream of viewers. The high price of the lamp, a lamp to sell thousands of taels of silver.

Ming Jiang Yi Kwai in the "Yao Shan Hall outside the record" contains a matter: during the Ming Dynasty, the Lantern Festival, the capital has a craftsman with glutinous juice burned into a glazed bottle, and then made of lanterns, can be stored in the water fish, next to the reflection of the candlelight, transparent and lovely. Huangyan Wang Gu straight spend a lot of money to buy a home, love, play all day. One day accidentally, he will touch the glazed bottle on the ground, fell into a smash, sighing: "My life family plan in this, this swings out!" Ming Dynasty lanterns of the degree of sophistication, value geometry, this statement can also be used as a circumstantial evidence.