Analysis of the current situation of China's hydro-industrial-environmental geological survey

China's regional hydrogeology, engineering geology and environmental geology survey work is with the economic development and socialist economic construction needs, and gradually carried out. 1:200,000 ~ 1:1 million regional hydrogeological census work in China has been completed, the main arid water-scarce and soil salinization in the north of our country, the south of the individual water-scarce areas have also carried out the work of agricultural hydrogeological surveys. Recently, the development of hydrogeology, engineering geology and environmental geology has been even faster, providing basic, specialized, comprehensive and service-oriented geoscientific bases for various aspects of national economic construction. Regional environmental geological surveys, geological disaster surveys, hydrogeological, engineering geological and environmental geological work in large and medium-sized cities, agricultural geology, ecological geology work is being carried out rapidly.

I. Content of the survey

The national regional hydrogeological survey with 1:200,000 as the main scale has been completed, and 1:50,000 hydrogeological survey for farmland water supply has been carried out in arid regions of the north with the county-level administrative area as the unit, and the main contents of the survey include the following aspects: water-bearing rock groups, water-rich degree, groundwater level, groundwater quality, and the current situation of exploitation.

Regional engineering geological survey is mainly in the large rivers and streams along the coastline, some of the main transportation routes, some major cities and regions, along the coastal zone engineering geological survey has also carried out the work, the contents of the main types of geotechnical engineering geology, physical and mechanical properties, man-made engineering geological phenomena, external power geological phenomena for the construction of the project to provide the basic information services.

Sub-provincial regional environmental geological survey has been basically completed except for some provinces and regions, 1:200,000 ~ 11:500,000 regional environmental geological survey carried out in the local scope, 1:10,000 ~ 1:200,000 large and medium scale regional environmental geological survey in the economically developed areas to carry out more, the focus of comprehensive development of the national territory of the environmental geologic survey and evaluation of the survey content is also roughly the same, mostly water and engineering environmental issues as the main content. The content of the survey is more or less the same, mostly focusing on water environment and engineering environment problems, including engineering geological factors, man-made environmental impacts, geological disasters and other related contents.

Specialized geologic disaster investigation, large-scale geologic disaster investigation was carried out in cities and counties, and large-scale geologic disaster investigations were carried out in the Three Gorges area of the Yangtze River, the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, the coastal cities, and along the main transportation routes in southwest and northwest China, all of which found out the locations, scales, and related factors of geologic disasters, and provided the basis for the prevention and control of regional geologic disasters, and investigated the phenomena of geologic disasters, mainly including landslides, collapses and floods. The phenomena of geologic hazards mainly include avalanches, landslides, mudslides, and ground subsidence.

Geologists put forward the concept of "agricultural geology" after analyzing the interrelationship between geology and agriculture, and then agricultural geology, as a sub-discipline of geology, has been continuously developed, and geological services for the agricultural economy have been recognized by the agricultural sector, especially in the characteristics of the fruit varieties, such as investigating the soil, the fruit quality, Soil and water relations, soil structure, in many areas have carried out localized work, 1:50,000 geological surveys in the 1990s began to cover the area of the fourth system of many maps plus some of the content of this area, agricultural geology, ecological geology, special investigations of the pilot project has achieved initial results.

The specific content of the new round of hydro-industrial-environmental geological survey

The Ministry of Land and Resources and relevant departments of the geoscientific experts fully demonstrated that the new round of land and resources survey launched in 1999 to strengthen ecological and environmental protection to promote the sustainable development of the economy put forward a higher standard of specific requirements, hydro-geological, engineering geological and environmental geological surveys in the contents of the following areas of change:

The new round of land and resources survey started in the 1990s, many maps in the Quaternary coverage area plus some of the content in this regard. Changes:

1. Hydrogeology

On the basis of summarizing the results of the completed national regional hydrogeological surveys, supplementary surveys were carried out in the areas where the hydrogeological conditions had changed considerably, the conditions for the formation of groundwater resources were identified in the northwest and southwest regions where there was a major shortage of water, and the evaluation of the national water resources and the water environment was carried out, with a focus on the investigation of the potential of groundwater resources in the regions of North China, Northwest China and Southwest China. Pilot investigations on the potential of groundwater resources were begun, focusing on north, northwest and southwest China.

2. Engineering Geology

To carry out the engineering geological survey of dry dike reinforcement in the areas along the rivers, the survey of crustal stability of major projects in the important cities and major economic zones, the stability of soft land foundation, the river action of the riverbed scouring and dynamics, the new tectonic movement and the evaluation of the regional crustal stability survey.

3. Environmental geology

Continuing to carry out the national 1:500,000 ~ 1:1,000,000 regional environmental geological surveys and offshore marine 1:250,000 marine environmental geological surveys, environmental geological surveys along the rivers and streams, environmental geological surveys of the Three Gorges Reservoir area and migrant areas, and ecological environmental geological surveys of ecologically fragile areas.

4. Geological Disasters

To find out the types, spatial and temporal distribution, scale and degree of harm of the major geological disasters in China, focusing on the investigation, early warning, prevention and control of sudden-onset geological disasters such as collapses, landslides, mudslides and other sudden-onset geological disasters in the important economic zones, important transportation arteries, and densely populated areas; and to carry out the investigation, prevention and control of slow-changing disasters such as land subsidence, land deserts, salinization, and water and soil erosion, and so on.

5. Ecological Geology

Ecological geological survey is mainly carried out in the Yangtze River and Yellow River Basin Economic Zone, the coastal area, and the Northeast Economic Zone, focusing on the investigation of the engineering geology and environmental geology along the rivers, the environmental geology and geological hazards in the Three Gorges area, the ecological geology of the western part of the Yellow River Basin, and the ecological geology of the coastal cities and the coastal zone.

The new round of land and resources survey of hydrogeology, engineering geology and environmental geology survey of the main content and work arrangements, China's water, engineering and environmental surveys in the future development of the trend to further closely combined with the country's economic construction goals and social needs, the western region of the groundwater survey, the Three Gorges geologic hazards, the Yangtze River, Yellow River, two major basins ecological geological surveys, the ecological fragility of western ecological areas, ecological geological surveys, the capital economic zone resources and environmental surveys. The survey of ecological geology of the Yangtze River and Yellow River Basin, the ecological geology of the fragile western ecological zone, the survey of resources and environment of the capital economic zone, and the survey of agro-ecological geology of the northeastern economic zone, etc., have all reflected the direction of the development of the hydrogeological, engineering geological and environmental geological surveys as a direct service for the national economic construction.