Cultural common sense that middle school students should know

1. Cultural General Knowledge that Middle School Students Need to Know

Cultural General Knowledge that Middle School Students Need to Know 1. Literary General Knowledge that Middle School Students Should Know

Ten Literary Mistakes We Shouldn't Make

A. The content is tedious, and there is a loss of literature . The newspaper of the literary society is to publish students' literary works, with the publication of students' articles as the main content. But there are individual units but the literary society publication into a school magazine, to the principal of the school's overall work plan deployment, small to the arrangement of short-term activities, teacher life, student life, politics, teaching and general affairs, teaching and research everything to talk about. The important difference between a literary society publication and a school magazine is that one is literary and the other is comprehensive. Literary society publication into four unimaginative, hodgepodge, seems to be very comprehensive, is actually the wind horse and cow. Second, the form of generalization, there is a loss of seriousness in recent years, not only in the content of the literary society publication has greatly improved, and in the form of a great development. But some publications are getting bigger and bigger, the quality is not high, but in the pursuit of fancy up and down a lot of work. Article illustrations, lively, this is a good thing, but some publications illustrations, and the content of the article is not related to the pursuit of lively and lively, for the pursuit of beautiful and beautiful, giving a person a feeling of cloudy, really lose the seriousness of literary publications. Students look after, how is the impact? Third, the language of fickleness, loss of purity of the language of literary works, has its own style and characteristics. But some of the social popularity of bad language, directly corroded the purity of student works. Concentrated in the following aspects: First, the language of pandering. Absorbing the essence of popular language and pursuing the vividness and liveliness of language are of great benefit to get rid of. However, with the opening up of society, many crappy "RTHK accent" and inexplicable network language popular in society appear in students' works from time to time. "Woah," "mommy," "daddy," "cool," "mei mei," "sauce," and "wow. ", "saucy", "ironic", "rookie", "dinosaur", "286" and so on, which are awkward to read and laborious to listen to. The pandering of language is actually a kind of language regression. Its adverse erosion of students should cause our educators to be highly vigilant. Secondly, foreignized language. In the foreign languages we see, never see a paragraph of English inserted into a few Chinese words, a French in the phenomenon of a few Chinese sentences, but in our students' work in the composition, but from time to time to see the Chinese language inserted into the English language, nonsense with the translation of the situation. Foreignized language, in fact, is the reflection of some of the country *** mentality, must not let this kind of freaks grow. Every citizen, have the obligation to defend their national dignity. Third, the language of the mess. Due to the influence of the news media, especially some bad TV commercials, students often appear in the work of the phenomenon of the use of harmonies. The language is actually a reflection of the mentality of some people in society who are chasing fame and fortune. Reflected in the student essay, it destroys the good language tradition. On the surface, similar to humor, but actually slippery. "Cultivate students' love of the motherland's language ideological feelings, guide students to correctly understand and use the motherland's language", this is the curriculum standards give us educators the sacred mission

2. junior high school students need to know about the literary knowledge

General knowledge of the language (a) 1. the first female poet is: Cai Yan (Wen Ji) 2. the first female poet is: Cai Yan (Wen Ji) 2. the first female poet is: Cai Yan (Wen Ji) 2. the first female poet is: Cai Yan (Wen Ji) 2. The first female poet is: Cai Yan (Wen Ji) 2. the first female lyricist is: Li Qingzhao 3. the first dictionary is: Er Ya 4. the first encyclopedia is: Yong Le Daxian 5. the first collection of poems is: the Classic of Poetry 6. the first anthology of writings: Zhaoming Wenxuan 7. the first dictionary: Shuo Wen Jie Zi 8. the first collection of myths: the Classic of the Mountain and the Sea 9. the first collection of novels of the literati and the intellectuals: Shi Shi Xin Yu (The New Language of the World) 10. the first collection of novels of the literati and the intellectuals: Soshen Jie (Record of the Sojourners of the Gods) 11. the first book of discourse: The Analects of Confucius The first chronicle: Shiji (史记) 12. The first chronicle: Spring and Autumn (春秋) 13. The first history of the Han Dynasty: Han Shu (汉书) 14. The first book of war: Sun Zi (孙子) The Art of War (兵法) 15. The first article about the two Secretaries of Departments of the Western Han Dynasty: Sima Qian. Sima Xiangru 16. the two jewels of music: Mulan words Peacock flying southeast, plus the Qin women Yin for the three jewels of music 17. the two jewels of historiography: the historical record A Guide to History 18. two beat: the first beat of the case the second beat of the case (Ling Mengchu) 19. the big Li Du: Li Bai Du Fu the small Li Du: Li Shangyin Du Mu 20. the twin constellations of the modern Chinese literary world: Lu Xun Guo Moruo 21. the three monumental: establish virtue, establish merit, establish speech 22. the three generations: Yueyang Tower Wuchang Huanghe Tower Nanchang Tengwang Pavilion 31. three friends: pine, bamboo and plum 32. three auxiliary: the left Feng Yi right Fu Feng Beijing Zhaoyin 33. scientific examination three yuan: township examination, the examination, the Imperial College examination and since the first (Xieyuan, will be the first, the first) 34. the Imperial College examination of the three Tripods A: the scholar, the first prize-winning detective 35. three Chinese national treasures: Beijing Opera, traditional Chinese medicine, Chinese paintings 36. three words: Metaphors, the police, the world of the general language, wake up the world of the constant (Feng Menglong) 37. the Confucian classics of the three rites: the Zhou rituals, the Zhou dynasty, the Fu, too, too, the protection 28. The Three Rites of Confucianism: Zhou Ritual, Rites of Passage, Rituals 38. Three Officials: Xin'an Officials, Shitou Officials, Tongguan Officials 39. Three Farewells: Newlywed Farewell, Aged Farewell, Farewell without a Home 40. Guo Moruo's "Goddesses" Trilogy: Regeneration of Goddesses, Xiang Guo, The Flowers of Tongdi 41. Mao Dun's "Erosion" Trilogy: Disillusionment, Shaking, Pursuit, Rural Trilogy The Quest Rural Trilogy: Spring Silkworms, Autumn Harvest, and the Remains of Winter 42. Bajin's Love Trilogy: Thunder, Lightning, and Rain The Riptide Trilogy: Home, Spring, and Autumn 43. The First History of a Country: Guoyu 44. The First Collection of Records on the Words and Deeds of Strategists, Strategists, and Disciples: Guocheng (国策) and Huoce ( 战国策) 45. The first historical prose to record the words and deeds of individuals: Yan Zi Chun Qiu (Spring and Autumn Annals of Yanzi) 46. The first great patriotic poet: Qu Yuan 47. The first long narrative poem: Southeast Flight of the Peacock (357 lines, 1,785 words) 48. The first monograph on literary criticism: > (Cao Pi) 49. The first idyllic poet: Tao Yuanming (Tao Yuanming) 50. The first monograph on literary theory and criticism: Liu Feiqi (Liu Innocence) of the Liang people of the Southern and Northern Dynasties > ;

3. Literary knowledge that junior high school students must master

Lu Xun: his real name is Zhou Shuren, a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, China's great proletarian literati, thinker, and revolutionary. He has many works, including novels, essays, prose, poetry and so on. His novels include Scream and Indeterminacy, his essays are Chaohua Xiqing, and his miscellaneous essays are Grave and Erxin. Junior high school selected are From the Hundred-Clover Garden to the House of Three Flavors, A Chang and, Social Play, The Hometown, Mr. Fujino, and Have the Chinese Lost Their Confidence.

Zhu Ziqing: China's famous essayist, scholar, poet, democracy fighter. Junior high school selected text "Spring".

Lao She: the original name Shu Qingchun, the word She Yu, Beijing, a famous modern writer, known as the "master of language" and "people's artist". Representative works include the novel "Camel Xiangzi", the play "Teahouse" and so on. The selected works include Winter in Jinan.

Ye Shengtao: formerly known as Ye Shaojun, China's famous writer, educator, fairy tale writer. Selected for junior high school are The Stone Statues of Ancient Heroes (fairy tales) and Suzhou Garden (expository essay).

Mao Dun: formerly known as Shen Yanbing, China's great proletarian literary scholar. His masterpieces include "Ziyou" and "The Lin Family Shop". Selected for junior high school are "Poplar Salute".

Bing Xin: original name Xie Wanying, famous children's writer. Representative works are "send small readers". Selected for junior high school are The Little Orange Lantern.

Wei Wei: formerly known as Hong Jie, pen name Hong Yang Shu, a famous contemporary writer. Selected for junior high school are My Teacher (prose), Who is the loveliest person (newsletter).

He Jingzhi: a famous contemporary poet and playwright. Selected for junior high school are "Back to Yan'an" (poetry) and "The White-haired Girl" (opera).

Wu Boxiao: prose writer and educator. Selected for middle school are A Little Record of Vegetable Garden.

Guo Moruo: a famous poet and playwright. Representative works include The Goddess (a collection of poems) and Qu Yuan (a play).

Wu Han: a famous historian. The selected ones are Talking about Bone.

Foreign Literature:

Duder, author of The Last Lesson, is a famous French novelist.

My Uncle Yule from The Goat's Ball, by Maupassant, a famous French literary scholar.

The Chameleon is from Chekhov's Selected Novels by Chekhov, a famous Russian writer.

The Emperor's New Clothes is from Selected Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, by Hans Christian Andersen, a famous Danish writer of fairy tales, whose representative works include The Little Girl Who Sells Matches, The Daughter of the Sea, and The Ugly Duckling.

The Gift of the Magi by O. Henry, a famous American novelist.

Pushkin: a great Russian poet, the originator of Russian literature.

Ancient Literature Part:

The Eight Great Poets of the Tang and Song dynasties: (Tang) Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, (Song) Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Ouyang Xiu, Wang Anshi, and Zeng Gong The Four Heroes of the Early Tang Dynasty: Wang Bo, Yang Jiong, Lu Zhaoliang, and Luo Binwang

As well as the language book teachers are required to grasp how to determine that the article belongs to the category, and how to go about reading it

Thank you for adopting 。。。。。! 。。。。。。

4. junior high school students to know the literary knowledge of junior high school must be, extracurricular can also

General knowledge of the language (a) 1. the first female poet is: Cai Diem (Wen Ji) 2. the first female lyricist is: Li Qingzhao 3. the first dictionary is: Erya 4. the first encyclopedia is: Yongle Daxian 5. the first collection of poems is: the Classic of Poetry 6. the first literature: Zhaoming Wenxuan 7. the first dictionary: Shuwenxiean 7. the first dictionary: Shao Wenxiean 7. the first poetry: Shao Ming Wenxiean 7. the first poetry: Shao Ming Wenxiean 7. the first poetry: Shao Ming Wenxiean The first chronicle of history is: the Spring and Autumn Period (春秋). Sima Xiangru 16. the two jewels of music: Mulan words Peacock Southeast flight, plus the "Qin Women's Yin" for the three jewels of music 17. the two jewels of historiography: the Historical Records A Guide to the History of 18. the two pats: the first beat of the case of the two beat of the case of the surprise (Ling Mengchu) 19. the big Li Du: Li Bai Du Fu the small Li Du: Li Shangyin Du Mu 20. the twin constellations of the modern Chinese literary world: Lu Xun Guo Moruo 21. the three monumental: the establishment of morality, the establishment of the merits, the establishment of the words 22. the three dynasties: Yueyang Tower Wuchang Huanghe Tower Nanchang Tengwang Pavilion 31. three friends: pine, bamboo and plum 32. three auxiliary: the left Feng Yi right Fu Feng Beijing Zhaoyin 33. scientific examination three yuan: township examination, the examination, the Imperial College examination and since the first (Xieyuan, will be the first, the first) 34. the Imperial College examination of the three Tripods A: the scholar, the first prize-winning detective 35. three Chinese national treasures: Beijing Opera, traditional Chinese medicine, Chinese paintings 36. three words: Metaphors, the police, the world of the general language, wake up the world of the constant (Feng Menglong) 37. the Confucian classics of the three rites: the Zhou rituals, the Zhou dynasty, the Fu, too, too, the protection 28. The Three Rites of Confucianism: Zhou Ritual, Rites of Passage, Rituals 38. Three Officials: Xin'an Officials, Shitou Officials, Tongguan Officials 39. Three Farewells: Newlywed Farewell, Aged Farewell, Farewell without a Home 40. Guo Moruo's "Goddesses" Trilogy: Regeneration of Goddesses, Xiang Guo, The Flowers of Tongdi 41. Mao Dun's "Erosion" Trilogy: Disillusionment, Shaking, Pursuit, Rural Trilogy The Quest Rural Trilogy: Spring Silkworms, Autumn Harvest, and the Remains of Winter 42. Bajin's Love Trilogy: Thunder, Lightning, and Rain The Riptide Trilogy: Home, Spring, and Autumn 43. The First History of a Country: Guoyu 44. The First Collection of Records on the Words and Deeds of Strategists, Strategists, and Disciples: Guocheng (国策) and Huoce ( 战国策) 45. The first historical prose to record the words and deeds of individuals: Yanzi Chunqiu 46. The first great patriotic poet: Qu Yuan 47. The first full-length narrative poem: Southeast Flight of the Peacock (357 stanzas, 1,785 words) 48. The first monograph on literary criticism: > (Cao Pi) 49. The first idyllic poet: Tao Yuanming (Tao Yuanming) of the Eastern Jin Dynasty 50. The first monograph on literary theory and criticism: Liu Feiqi (Liu Innofo) of the Liang dynasty of the North and South Dynasties >. ;.

5. Literary and historical knowledge that middle school students must know

1. Du Mu, the word Muzhi, lived in Fanchuan villa in his later years, so he was called Du Fanchuan. With Li Shangyin and called "small Li Du".

2, Su Zhe, the word Ziyu, the self-proclaimed Yingbin old man, works of Luan Cheng Wenji; Su Shi, the word Zizhan,

No. Dongpo Jushi, and Huang Tingjian, known as "Su Huang", is a representative writer of the Song School of bold and unrestrained lyrics; Su Xun, the word Mingyun, No. Laoquan, the works of the collection of Jiayou set.

3, back to Youguang, word Xifu, Zhenchuan, and Wang Fenzhong, Tang Shunzhi, Maokun composed of prose school "Tang and Song School", representative works of "Xiangji Xuanzhi", "Cold Flower Burial Zhi".

4, Li Bai, the word Taibai, the number of the Green Lotus, is a romantic poet after Qu Yuan, works of Li Taibai collection.

5, Liu Yong, formerly known as the three changes, the word Jieqing, also known as Liu Qi, on the orders of the lyrics Liu Sanchang, is the first dedicated to the writing of the Northern Song Dynasty, he and Li Qingzhao is the representative of the Song lyrics of the Euphemism school of writers, the collection of works for the "collection of music," the main works of the "Rain Lin Ling," the "phoenix Qiuwu", "Butterfly Loves the Flower".

6. Xin Qiqi (辛弃疾), known as You'an (幼安), and Jiaxuan (稼轩), is the author of the collection Jiaxuan Long and Short.

7. Huang Tingjian (黄庭坚), known as Lu Zhi (鲁直), known as Shan Gu Taoist (山谷道人), is known for his collection The Valley Collection.

8, the near-poetry, also known as modern poetry, is relative to the ancient style of poetry. It is a metrical poem relative to the ancient style of poetry. Ancient poetry is also known as ancient poetry, ancient style, near the number of lines have a limit, that is, the absolute line five absolute seven absolute, metered poetry five metered seven metered. There is a limit to the number of words, i.e. five stanzas and seven stanzas, and five stanzas and seven stanzas. The two lines of the poem are a couplet, the jaw and neck are required to fight (couplet), and the even-numbered lines rhyme.

9, words, also known as the song lyrics, poems, long and short sentences. According to the style can be divided into the bold and bold school of lyricism and euphemistic school of lyricism. The upper part is also known as "the upper part, the upper section", and the lower part is called "the lower part, the lower section".

"China's Best"

1. The largest number of neighboring provincial units in China (8) - Xinjiang

2. -Xinjiang

3. China's widest provincial unit across longitude - Inner Mongolia

4. China's largest island - Taiwan Island

5. China's largest sand island --Chongming Island

6. The tallest mountain in eastern China - Jade Mountain in Taiwan

7. The longest river in China - Yangtze River

8. The Yellow River, the river with the highest sand content

9. Loess Plateau, the largest plateau in China

10. Qinghai Lake, the largest lake in China

11.

11. China's largest saltwater lake - Qinghai Lake

12. China's largest freshwater lake - Poyang Lake

13. China's largest coal province - Shanxi Province

14. -Shanxi Province

14. Shandong Province, the province with the longest coastline in China

15. Heilongjiang Province, the coldest province in China

16. South China Sea

17. China's largest basin - Tarim Basin

18. China's largest desert - Taklamakan Desert

19. China's largest city - Chongqing

20. China's youngest municipality - Chongqing

21. -Macao Special Administrative Region

22. The provincial unit with the most long-staple cotton in China - Xinjiang

23. The provincial unit with the most ethnic groups in China - Yunnan Province

24. China's most populous province - Henan Province

25. China's most densely populated provincial unit - Macau Special Administrative Region

26. China's most populous ethnic minority - the Zhuang

26. -Zhuang

27. China's rainy pole - Taiwan's Fiery Liu

28. China's most widespread climate disaster - drought

29. China's longest inland river --The Tarim River

6. What are the general cultural knowledge of secondary school students

First of all, understand the textbook knowledge, 1 Chinese traditional customs and festivals, as a civilization with a long history of ancient countries, rich in national traditional festivals is an important and indispensable part of Chinese culture.

2 Understanding ancient history and people. 3 Civilization etiquette and 4 Literary Knowledge - General Knowledge of Culture and Literature for Secondary School Students Essential: (1) Literary and Historical Canon: "The Four Books": "University", "The Meanwhile", "The Analects of Confucius", "Mencius" "The Five Classics": "The Records of the Grand Historian", "The History of the Shangshu", "The Records of the Rites", "The Book of Changes", "The Spring and Autumn Annals" "The Four Histories". Spring and Autumn Annals" "Four Histories": "Records of the Grand Historian", "Book of the Han", "Book of the Later Han", "Records of the Three Kingdoms" "Four Libraries": scriptures, histories, sons, and collections Six meanings of the Poetry Scriptures: phoenix, elegance, ode, fugue, bi, and Xing Six Arts: also known as the Six Classics, i.e., rites, music, ejaculation, imperialism, calligraphy, and numeracy (2) Legends of dynasties: "Three Dynasties": Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties "Three Emperors": one of the legends is "Fuxi, Nuwa and Shennong" "Five Emperors": according to the Historical Records, the "Five Emperors" are the "Five Emperors". ": according to the "Records of the Grand Historian" for: Huang Di, Zhuan Xu, ?àòàòàòàòü, Tang Yao, Yu Shun, there are other sayings.

(3) Geography: "Three Mountains": the mountains where the gods are said to live: Penglai, Fangzhang, Yingzhou. "Five Mountains" East Mount Taishan, West Mount Hua, South Mount Hengshan, North Mount Hengshan, Zhongyue Songshan.

"Kyushu": the legendary ancient administrative divisions of China, which later became an alias for China. Chixian: The ancients called China "Chixian Shenzhou".

海内：Ancient legend has it that China's territory is surrounded by the sea on all sides, so it is said that within the borders of the country for the sea. The four seas: refers to the world, the whole country.

"Eight wastelands": all refer to the world in general.

"The Eight Wastelands" refers to the whole world.

Three Kingdoms: refers to the Eastern Han Dynasty, which split into Wei, Shu and Wu. Sanqin: refers to the Guanzhong region west of the Tongguan Pass.

Landscape yin and yang: In ancient times, the south of the mountain and the north of the water were regarded as yang. Ancient aliases: Nanjing (Jiankang, Jinling, Jiangning, Baixia) (4) Other: 1. Five elements: refers to gold, wood, water, fire, earth 2. Five grains: the ancient collective name for food crops.

(i.e., Jigen, millet, wheat, beans, rice) 3. five flavors: refers to sour, salty, sweet, bitter, spicy 4. six animals: six kinds of livestock: horses, cows, goats, pigs, dogs, chickens 5. four treasures of the literary house: pen, ink, paper, inkstone 6. four friends of the scholars: qin, chess, painting and calligraphy 7. four gentlemen of the flower: Plum, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum 8. three friends of the cold and the year: pine, bamboo, plum 9. six books: hieroglyphics, will be, referring to the matter, form of the matter, the transfer of the note, 10. "Sanyuan": Anyone who has won the first place in the countryside examination, the examination, the Palace Examination in a row, that is, even in the Xieyuan, Huiyuan, Scholarship. 11. five sounds: five levels.

Also known as the "five tones", that is, my ancient five-tone scale in the palace, Shang, horn, levy (zhi), feather. 12. The four great folk tales: Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai, Cowherd and Weaving Maiden, The White Snake, and Meng Jiangnu 13. The three old men: the ancient township officials in charge of indoctrination.

14. and the first: refers to the imperial examinations in the election, the test is not called down, under the first. 15. Child test: also known as the "child test".

Including the county test, government test and courtyard test three stages. After passing the hospital test to obtain the qualification of student (Xiucai), before entering the government, state, county study, so also called the entrance examination, the test takers regardless of the size of the child called.

16. Cuojiu test: the official Cuojiu exams are divided into three levels: township test, will test, the temple test. Township examination: (called the autumn exam or big than) held every three years in the province, the show only eligible to participate in the examination for the lift.

The first name Xieyuan. The examination: in the spring of the second year after the countryside examination held in the capital in the Ministry of Rites (known as the spring exams or exams) participants must be lifts, the examination is called Gongshi.

The first name will be yuan. Palace Exam: presided over by the emperor, the tributary is eligible to participate in the examination, the examination is called into the scholar.

The first is the scholar, the second is called the eye, the third is called the flower. Collectively known as the three A tripod.

Guangxu thirty years (1905) due to the implementation of school education in various parts of the country, the imperial examination system was abolished. 17. "Er Ya": China's earliest interpretation of the word monograph, but also the world's first systematic dictionary.

18. "Wind and elegance", referring to the "Poetry" in the national wind and "Chu Rhetoric" in the "Li Sao", often used to refer to literary talent. 19. "Poetry": China's earliest poetry: a collection of *** 305, according to the nature of the music, "Feng, Ya, Ode" three categories 20.

Commonly known as kowtow. 21. bow: ancient worship.

One of the "nine worships", a great salute. 22. Kneeling: two knees on the ground in ancient times, shrugged body and waist, buttocks do not dip heels.

23. Bur (Meng) Zhong, uncle quarter: brothers line generation in the order of ranking of young and old. 24. five more: China's ancient night is divided into five periods, with drums playing more time, also known as "five drums" or five nights.

A more 19-21 o'clock, two more 21-23 o'clock, three more 23-1 o'clock, five more 3 o'clock -5 o'clock. 25. Four Seasons: refers to the four seasons of spring, summer, fall and winter.

The first, second, March for the spring were called Mengchun, Chungchun, seasonal spring (three spring); four, five, six for the summer were called Mengxia, Chungxia, seasonal summer (three summer) fall, winter, and so on. 26. xiu (xiu): the ancient constellations called xiu.

27. Yu Chang Jin Ma: refers to the Hanlin Academy. 28. Shuowen Jiezi (说文解字): one of the most influential ancient dictionaries compiled by Xu Shen of the Eastern Han Dynasty.

29. "Three Teachings and Nine Streams": "Three Teachings" refers to Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism; "Nine Streams" refers to Confucianism, Taoism, Yin-Yang, Legalism, Nomenclature, and Mohism, Confucianism, Taoism, Yin-Yangism, Legalism, Legalists, Mohists, Zong-Hengists, Miscellaneous Schools, and Agriculturalists. The old term refers to the various schools of religion or academia, and also refers to people from all walks of life in society.

"Three religions and nine streams" is often pejorative. 30. Nothing to do but not to ascend to the three temples: the proverb.

That is, no important things do not dare to trouble the meaning. "Three treasures", whisk teaching noun, refers to whisk, law, monks.

31. In ancient times, it was customary to use the Jikji as a symbol of the state.

32. overflow number: is the minister died after the court according to his life deeds and behavior to give him a title, to show praise and blame good and bad. For example, Fan Zhongyan posthumous name for the Duke of Wenzheng.

33. "Yueyang Tower" four best: Teng Zijing repair Yueyang Tower, Fan Zhongyan as a record, Su Shunqin writing, Shao (sù) seal (plaque written in seal script) a moment for the four best. (E) Ancient aliases: 1. Mulberry and Catalpa: hometown 2. women: women 3. eyebrows: men 4. Hongyan: letters 5. social grain: the country 6. sweat: the annals of history 7. Regulus: the motherland 8. "three feet": the law 9. modest claims: ① self-proclaimed: stupid, despicable, open, lowly, stolen, subject, servant ② emperor self-proclaimed: lonely, widowed, not Valley ③ readers call themselves ③ readers call themselves: young, late, late learning ④ other: under, small, old, concubine, old, etc. 10. honorifics: ① called the emperor: long live, the Holy Spirit, the Holy Spirit, the Son of God, His Majesty, etc. ② called the Son of God: Your Highness ③ called the General: under the banner ④ called each other or each other's relatives: there is a order, respect, Yin, Ren.

Order, meaning.

7. Secondary school students should know those national knowledge

As a language class representative of class 08 08, I can add very clearly, that is: all feudal thinkers do not read, which is mainly represented by Confucius.

Where there is a new tendency to read, it is Zhuangzi, Mencius and Feng Menglong, Li Ruzhen, Cao Xueqin school. Where the essence of Chinese nationalism is read, its songs, poems, lyrics and songs are the main trunk.

Of course, this does not mean that all the doctrines of Confucius are dross, while all others are the essence. It's just that Confucius' school of thought is too little gold and too much poison, so it's not recommended to read it.

Recommended reading is as follows: (book title number omitted) Three Towers Six Strategies Zhuangzi (South China Classic) Mencius Mozi Sunzi Art of War History Shishu Xinyao Three Kingdoms Zhi Chenggentan Officialdom Current Records Novels: Ming novels - Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the entire Water Margin, Journey to the West, the Golden Vase Plum Qing novels - Mirror Flower Edge, Rulin's History, Sui and Tang dynasties, Dream of Red Mansions, the seven chivalrous Five Yi song to the Poetry Scriptures, Cao Cao's East Gate line-based Poetry to Li Bai, Du Fu, Li He, Poetry is represented by Li Bai, Du Fu, Li He, Du Mu, Li Shangyin in Tang poetry and Lu You in Song poetry. Lyrics are represented by Li Yu and Su Shi. Quotations are represented by Yang Guo and Zheng Guangzu. Ancient literature is represented by Gu Wen Guan Zhi. In addition to literature, Chinese calligraphy, Chinese painting, Chinese martial arts, Chinese drama, Chinese shadow and countless other items are an integral part of the Chinese national science, are China's immortal spiritual civilization heritage.

And it is appropriate for us to learn the inheritance of the national science must be consistent with one point, that is, the idea of positive, anti-oppression,. As a representative of the language class of 08 grade 08, I can add very clearly, that is: where the feudal ideologues do not read, which is mainly represented by Confucius.

Where there is an emerging tendency to read, it is Zhuangzi, Mencius and Feng Menglong, Li Ruzhen, Cao Xueqin school. Where the essence of Chinese nationalism is read, its songs, poems, lyrics and songs are the main trunk.

Of course, this does not mean that all the doctrines of Confucius are dross, while all others are the essence. It's just that Confucius' school of thought is too little gold and too much poison, so it's not recommended to read it.

Recommended reading is as follows: (book title number omitted) Three Towers Six Strategies Zhuangzi (South China Classic) Mencius Mozi Sunzi Art of War History Shishu Xinyao Three Kingdoms Zhi Chenggentan Officialdom Current Records Novels: Ming novels - Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the entire Water Margin, Journey to the West, the Golden Vase Plum Qing novels - Mirror Flower Edge, Rulin's History, Sui and Tang dynasties, Dream of Red Mansions, the seven chivalrous Five Yi song to the Poetry Scriptures, Cao Cao's East Gate line-based Poetry to Li Bai, Du Fu, Li He, Poetry is represented by Li Bai, Du Fu, Li He, Du Mu, Li Shangyin in Tang poetry and Lu You in Song poetry. Lyrics are represented by Li Yu and Su Shi. Quotations are represented by Yang Guo and Zheng Guangzu. Ancient literature is represented by Gu Wen Guan Zhi. In addition to literature, Chinese calligraphy, Chinese painting, Chinese martial arts, Chinese drama, Chinese shadow and countless other items are an integral part of the Chinese national science, are China's immortal spiritual civilization heritage.

And the Chinese studies that are suitable for us to learn and inherit must be in line with one thing, that is, they are positive in thought, against oppression, against exploitation, and do not make up excuses for the landlord class to exploit the people.