The history of sword development

Martial arts equipment. One of the ancient weapons. "The sword is also inspected, so the defense is very heavy." The sword is known as the "king of hundreds of soldiers".

According to archaeological data, Jian was produced in Shang Dynasty. At that time, the sword was generally short, about 20-40 cm, willow-shaped or pointed triangle, and the sword was originally made of copper.

During the Western Zhou Dynasty, the war was dominated by car wars. Far away, shoot with bows and arrows, near with long weapons such as ge, Ji and spear, and only use swords for melee. So the role of the sword is not very big.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the sword, as the main weapon of step warfare, was continuously lengthened. For example, the sword of Gou Jian, the King of Yue, unearthed from No.1 Chu Tomb in Wangshan, Jiangling, Hubei, is 55.7 cm long.

By the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the length of the sword had exceeded 3 feet, and the blade was stretched into a straight shape after being bent twice, and the included angle of the blade increased sharply. From the Eastern Han Dynasty, the iron sword with the ring head occupied a universal position in the riding war at that time, and the sword gradually withdrew from the war stage. Later, it was used to wear etiquette or martial arts to strengthen self-defense. After the Han Dynasty, bronze swords were gradually replaced by steel swords, and tended to be stereotyped, that is, the body of the sword had ridges, blades on both sides, a point in front, a head in the middle and a handle at the back. The ring at the end of the stem is called a shovel, and there are accessories such as sheaths and spikes.

In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, sword-wielding was particularly popular. "Sui Shu. "Book of Rites" contains: "Yipin, Jade Sword, Pei Shan Yu Xuan. Second, Jin Jian matches water with jade. The third-class and the founding son of the country, the fifth-class scattered (scattered) products are called four or five-class, and they are silver swords, wearing aquamarine, and the servants have gone down, the straight lang has gone up, and the companions are like swords. Those who carry straight swords enter the ancestral temple and climb the temple. If they are in battle, they will untie their swords. Yipin Gong, San (III) County Gong and Hou Bo, the founder of the country, are highly respected. Second-class, third-class and founding son male, fifth-class scattered (scattered) product for several hours, are only envious of it. The same is true. " Sword was used by feudal ethics and official positions at that time, and was regarded as the representative of the distinction between powerful and powerful.

The Tang dynasty was the most prosperous, and the sword was regarded as an ornament by literati. He always expresses his lofty wishes or shows his heroism.

For example, Li Bai, a great poet, practiced fencing as a teenager. At the age of 25, he went to the countryside with his sword and left his relatives for a long trip. Du Fu said: "When reading, the candle is short; When reading a sword, the cup is long. " Wang Wei's swordsmanship poems, such as "Fighting thousands of miles alone, moving a million divisions with one sword", remain in later generations.

The back sword is inextricably linked with Taoism and has become one of the instruments in the hands of Taoist priests. The sword has been put on a mysterious coat again and has become a sacred object with infinite magic, such as "Excalibur" and "Sword Fairy".

After being favored by folk martial artists, sword has developed rapidly in various forms of drills. Gradually evolved into "sword fighting" and "sword dancing". "Sword fighting" has developed into today's "fencing" competition; "Sword dance" has developed into the present fencing routine and the sword dance expression form of artistic dance.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, swords developed rapidly, and various famous swords emerged one after another. There are many famous swordsmen and good swords, and swords are loved by the broad masses of the people.

After the founding of New China, sword was listed as a martial arts competition. The length of the sword used in modern Wushu is defined as that the backhand arm of the athlete is straight and the tip of the sword reaches the earlobe. The sword won't open. The parts of a sword include: body, tip, tip, tail, ridge, blade, lattice, hilt, head, scabbard and stab.

Noun interpretation

Pier: The head of a sword. Refers to the top of the hilt. Generally, the head of a sword has a hole for threading the rope.

Jian Tan: Jiange, also known as armguard. Refers to the oval disc part between the sword body and the hilt, which is used as a hand protector.

Scabbard: My sword box and sword room. Hide the sword. There are iron and wood. , wrapped in sand fish skin, painted with cinnabar paint or Li Anyun black paint, expensive inlaid pearls and treasures.

Hilt: The ancient name for hilt. Clear. Cheng Yao said, "Examination of merits makes things happen, and water makes things happen. "Tao Jia is the sword": "The stem is also the neck, which is the first."

Sword room: scabbard. Korean dialect: "The sheath comes from Hebei, between Yan and Zhao, which is called the room."

Sword shape: another name for the tip of a sword. Han Yang dialect: "The tip of the sword is closed from the east or called outline".

Sword: that is, the sword grid. Also known as the sword. Sima Yun quoted when explaining Zhuangzi and Jian Shuo: "Tan Zhe is frugal."

Sword thorn: an ornament tied behind the hilt of a sword. Modern fencing is divided into long thorn and short thorn.

Sword robe: the sharp thorn of a sword. There is a saying that Wen Jian wears robes, but Wu Jian doesn't.

The swordsmanship routines include: Seven-Star Sword, Qingping Sword, Kunlun Sword, Bagua Sword, Wudang Sword, Dharma Sword, Sancai Sword, Panlong Sword, Tongmo Sword, Eight Immortals Sword, Drunken Sword, Duijian and so on.

There are many kinds of swords, which are introduced as follows:

(Excerpted from Textual Research on Ancient and Modern Military Equipment in China, the same below)

Three feet: another name for the sword. Because the whole body is three feet long, it is called a sword. "Han Gao Di Ji": "I use cloth to raise three feet and take the world." Don Yan Shigu's Note: "Three feet, one sword."

Three-foot sword: the general term for sword. Tang Du Fu's poem "Re-narration of Shaoling": "The wind and dust are three feet of swords, and the country is one dress."

Seven feet: the name of ancient long sword. Li Yi's farewell poem to Weibei Embassy: "Hold a seven-foot sword flat and seal a pill of mud." "Bei Tang Book Dynasty" Volume 122: "A long sword is seven feet."

Sword: the general term for famous swords. "Ram Biography" Lu six years: "The sword of the son, cover the sword."

Sword: the general term for sword. Tang Wei Wu Ying's Travel in Guangling: "Will you be famous when you come back to see the sword?"

Wu: It refers to the famous sword made in the Spring and Autumn Period. "Zhou Li Dongguan": "Zheng Zhi's knife, Song Zhi's gold, his sword, moved the land to make it good and natural."

Seven-star sword: an ancient famous sword. The blade is decorated with the Big Dipper near the handle, hence the name. "Wu Yue Chun Qiu": "Wu Zixu said that Xie Jian and the fisherman said that there was a big dipper in this sword, which was worth one hundred gold. "

Cross dagger: it belongs to short equipment with two arms. This sword is more than two feet and four inches long, and its whole body is made of iron. This sword has a ridge. It is prismatic, with two sides, the tip of the sword is upward 17 cm, and the tip of the sword crosses in the body. A sword with a transverse process, with one side slightly bent downward and the other side slightly bent outward, has a ridge and sharp sides. The handle is flat and covered with semi-circular hardwood, which makes the handshake round. At the end of the hilt, there is an iron ring with colored silk, and there are hand guards on both sides of the handshake, which are slightly upturned. When in use, each hand holds one, and the cross sword has the functions of stabbing, hooking and cutting. (Excerpted from Textual Research on Ancient and Modern Military Equipment in China) Ganyue Sword refers to a good sword made in ancient wuyue. "Zhuangzi Deliberately": "Those who have a sword have been there and hidden it, dare not use it, and cherish it."

Sword: the common name of "Fang Shangjian". Refers to the emperor's imperial sword, which can give ministers and preemptive power.

Meridian mandarin duck sword: a kind of double sword. The sword is three feet long, with a flat body, the lower half is one and a half inches wide and the upper half is eight inches wide. On both sides of the body are swords tilted upward, and the muddy body is like a saw blade. The tips of the two swords are different in shape. One is semi-circular, such as a crescent, with the tip of the crescent outward; Although the other is crescent-shaped, there is a spear head protruding from the bayonet in the middle. The handle is flat with a cloth belt on it. There is a disc iron armguard on the handle, a crescent armguard on one side of the handle, which is thin and sharp, and a double-edged bayonet at the end of the handle. This device has blades on all sides, which is very sharp.

Song Kunwu Sword: The Name of Gu Jian. Originally called "Kun", also called "Kun". Belongs to this sword. The blade is originally a blade, with no blade on one side and a sharp front. Later, it evolved into a front with ridges on the front and blades on both sides; The back half has no ridge and no blade, only flat. Its hilt is very long and can be held with both hands.

Wood blade: A wooden sword. Also known as "Ban Jian" and "Xiang Jian". Jin dynasty began to wear royal clothes.

"Southern history. Biography of Chen Shixing and Wang Shuling: "When I was dying, I was ordered to pick up a sword. I didn't understand the left and right, but I went in with wood blade in royal clothes. "

Jade-headed sword: A sword with jade jewelry. See the article Jade Sword.

Jade sword: A sword with a head and a handle made of jade. "Han dynasty history. "Xiongnu Biography": "Give a crown ... jade with a sword." Don Yan Shigu's Note: "Meng Kang said,' Jade is also the method of marking the bow.' Que, cross out by sword mouth; Wei zhe, sword nose also. "

Desperate dragon: the special code word for the army to call the sword in the Five Dynasties. According to Qing Louis in the Song Dynasty. Weapons. "Little Ranger", when Wang Jianchu of Shu started his army five generations ago, the saber called the knife "Little Ranger" and the sword "Desperado Dragon".

Yangjiashan Iron Sword: The earliest existing iron sword in China. It is a cultural relic unearthed from Yangjiashan Tomb in Changsha, Hunan Province in the late Spring and Autumn Period.

The sword is 38.4 cm long, 2-2.6 cm wide and the ridge is 0.7 cm thick.

Chop the sword on Fang: "Fang Shang" is also called "above". Refers to the sword given by the emperor to the vassal, which is a symbol of supreme power. Zhu Hanyun's History of Seal Characters: "When yu zhang, the prime minister of Anchang, proclaimed himself emperor, he was promoted to the position of emperor and was highly respected. Yun said, "I would like to give this sword to the other two men and the minister. Who can I ask? "? Yes: An Chang Zhang Houyu. "Tang Yanshi drum note:" Shaofu officials are also sacrificial objects, so there is a sword to cut the horse, and the sword can cut the horse. " It can be called "Fang Shangjian" or "Fang Shangjian" for short.

Shangfang Sword: the name of the imperial sword of the emperor. As a symbol of supreme power. See "Fang Shang Ma Jian".

Sword: a sword worn by the ancients. Qi of the Warring States Policy: "Send Qiu Jin into Sanxiang, take the sword, seal the book, thank you."

Tooth needle: a kind of sword. Refers to a toothed tool. Zuo Si's "Five Degrees of Fu": "Mao Qun used the horn as a spear." Also known as "horn".

Excalibur: ① refers to supernatural sword. "Book of Jin. Liu Yaolu: "After tasting the night, the two boys knelt down to offer their swords and left. Looking at it by candlelight, the sword is two feet long, and there is an inscription on its back:' Excalibur is imperial, and all poisons will not invade.' Obsidian is taken from it, and the sword changes colors with the seasons. "(2) the ancient sword. Liang Tao Hongjing's Records of Ancient and Modern Knives and Shadows: "Liang Wudi filial piety flourished. In the first year of Dayuan, the sword was buried at the top of Huashan Mountain, named Excalibur, and was written in official script. "Sleeve sword: a kind of dagger. Its handle has grown up, but its blade is slightly shorter, with a total length of less than one foot two inches. The blade is hidden at the end of the hilt. The handle is hollow with a spring inside. Cuff swords can be hidden in sleeves at ordinary times. When in use, take out the handle and press the button, and the blade will pop out of the handle and hurt people.

Half sword: an ancient wooden ceremonial sword decorated with patterns. Prevalent in the Western Jin Dynasty. The Southern Dynasties were called "like swords". "Song Le Shu Zhi Si": "The male halberd opens the way, and the class sword has high wings." Biography of Yuan Jie in Song Dynasty: "Taizong was on the verge of collapse, and he was taken care of. Twenty people worked overtime and were trained. " Tang Xi: Ancient famous sword. Because of the sword of Tangxi (now southwest of Wuyang County, Henan Province) during the Warring States Period. Therefore, it was named Jian. "Chu ci. Nine sighs. Resentment: "Hold Tangxi to cut it, and C dry the meat." Liu Xie's new theory: "Tang Xijian is the best in the world." Also known as the sword.

Jian Yue: It refers to the sword made in Gu Yue. Liu Xie's New Theory: "The sharper the sword, the duller it will be."

Elephant sword: another name for "half sword" The sword used as a ceremonial sword in the Southern Dynasties is called Elephant Sword. See "Class Guide".

Short sword: a kind of sword. The sword body is short, the sword disc is small, the grip is made of pig iron, and the end of the grip has a ring.

Escape dragon sword: a kind of sword. The sword has a dragon pattern, hence the name. Without the sword stab, the main hitting methods of his fencing routine are chopping, stabbing, stabbing, lifting, pointing, collapsing, hitting, cutting and rubbing.

Short gun: a kind of sword. Another name for samarium. Zhang Xie's short inscription: "There are also short inscriptions, which are clear and rotten." See the article "Long Sales".

Chu Jian: It refers to the sword made by the ancient State of Chu. "Shuo Yuan": "Qin Zhao sighed: Being rich at the beginning is sharp, and he advocates Excellence. Fuchu swordsmanship is more fierce, advocating Excellence and being far-sighted. I am afraid that Chu's plan must be Qin Ye. " Dong Zhang: "Wu Gou is as bright as the moon, and Chu Jian is as sharp as frost."

Waist: the name of the dagger worn in the Tang Dynasty. Qing Louis in the Song Dynasty: "The sword in the Tang Dynasty is slightly shorter, often twisted under the side, and there are many waist products."

Sword: the name of the ancient sword. There are bud-shaped jade ornaments on the wooden handle, which were called furniture in ancient times. "Han Shu. "The Legend of Meaningless Doubt": "There is no doubt that there are sages and swords on the crown." Jin Zhuo's Note: "The ancient long sword is in the shape of a jade carving well, deer and Lu, and in the shape of a woodcarving mountain. For example, when the lotus was not born. Today's big sword has a wooden head that looks like this. "

Yi Bo Jian: A kind of dagger. Originated in Qing dynasty. The blade is wider and slightly narrower near the tip. The blade is flame-like or wavy, and twists and turns from left to right, especially at the lower part of the blade. The blade is more than two feet long and the handle is five inches and five minutes long. The form of handle and sheath is not customized. The stem and the armguard are slightly crossed, and there is a straight armguard on one side of the armguard. The handle is disc-shaped and has a small tower-shaped spire. The whole handle is made of steel, and the blade is in the shape of a deep three-beast, squatting or galloping, alternately engraved with a star pattern.

Shaolin long sword: total length 3 feet 4 inches, hilt 6 inches 2 minutes. Wuhua in Ming dynasty, qinglun, qinglian and Qingyun in Qing dynasty.

Shaolin Qinglong Sword: It is three feet and three inches long. Monks and warriors of all ages used it for martial arts and self-defense.

Double sword: one of the double swords, and the two swords are folded like one sword. The double sword (hand guard) has a half grid and the opposite side is flat, so the two swords are integrated. The difference between the sword body and the single sword is that the single sword has ridges on both sides, while the double sword has ridges on only one side, and the matching surface is flat. The heads of the two swords are each equipped with a single spike. Two swords belong to the same sheath.

Yuanyangjian: One of the Shaolin double soldiers. It is three feet long and was used by Shaolin monks in past dynasties to practice martial arts self-defense.

This article is taken from Wu Bo. com。

Dragon and phoenix double swords: one of the double swords. This sword is produced in Longquan, Zhejiang Province. The ridges of the two swords are decorated with dragon pattern (right-handed sword) and phoenix pattern (left-handed sword) respectively. The two swords are each equipped with a double sword and a spike.

Two swords are in the same sheath.

Sword for men and women: the swords of two soldiers in ancient times. Dance practice is the same as other double swords. But the materials used to make this sword are very advanced.

Female sword left hand, male sword right hand.

Finger dust sword: one of the two great magic weapons in ancient times. It was Taoism that made it lose its machinery. It consists of dust blowing and a single sword.