Earth building space design?

I. Design and Application of Courtyard Space

The courtyard space of tulou is a collection of virtual and real, individual and group. From the appearance alone, it is a single building. When you enter it, you will see a great home and a miniature country, which embodies the close connection and complementarity between the whole and the individual. The circular building is an annular space, with the ancestral hall as the meeting place in the center and the residence in the outer circle. The shape and size of the room are almost the same and unified, which is reasonable from the dynamic and static function analysis, and the planning of public space and private space is reasonable and coordinated. The central position in a space is more important, with the function of center of gravity, gathering and leading. In the earth building, the public space is arranged at the center of gravity, so it plays an irreplaceable role.

In this way, in terms of space planning, the distance of each room is equal, which is conducive to the concentration and evacuation of people. Tulou Commune breaks the traditional way of "inside and outside the circle" and adopts the courtyard layout of "inside and outside the circle", and the courtyard space generated by the crisscross of squares inside the "E-shaped ring" forms the most important public communication space of Tulou Commune. As the main public space, the courtyard of the central square, together with other public spaces and roof platforms, constitutes the public space system of the park. The courtyard layout of tulou provides a foundation for the design of modern architectural space. Designers should first consider who the users are and what their needs are when creating, and consider the courtyard layout according to their requirements. The layout of traditional earth buildings was formed under the special environmental requirements at that time, but the requirements at that time were no longer suitable for the present, so we should innovate and keep them according to the actual situation. The combination of space, the interpenetration of forms and the streamline of future users are all key factors.

Second, the application of architectural space design

From the perspective of the earth building itself, most of the layouts have the following characteristics: ① the central axis is clear, the hall, the main building and the gate are all built on the line, and other ancillary buildings are distributed on the left and right sides, and the overall symmetry on both sides is extremely strict. The same is true of the round building. ② Take the hall as the core. Organize the courtyard with the hall as the center and combine groups with the courtyard as the center. Even for circular buildings, the position of the main hall is very prominent. ③ The corridor runs through the whole building, extending in all directions. There is not a family living in the middle of the earth building, but a family, so it has its uniqueness and complexity in the internal space planning. The essence of circular architecture lies in its small area, large space and adaptability to mountainous terrain.

Circular earth building space has irreplaceable space value in rationality: ① There is no "dead angle" in the internal space of circular building. The circle has the characteristics of equality, and the difference between good and bad is not obvious. It takes advantage of the distribution of rooms and the harmony of families. ③ The space in the courtyard of the round building is large. (4) Because the circular building space eliminates the dead angle, it is more economical for wood materials. ⑤ The circular building has stronger seismic capacity and is safer. The first thing in the architectural layout of Tulou Commune is to break the circular closed pattern. E-type plane mode and open entrance design are finally adopted in the design. Taking a spiral posture in volume can not only maintain the traditional image of circular architecture, but also effectively break its closed and dull defects, thus breaking away from the limitations of traditional houses and laying the foundation for creating rich, changeable and active modern architectural styles. Houses and guest houses are evenly distributed along the periphery. As a public activity space, the center provides a platform for residents to rest and communicate. The whole building runs through the corridor and extends in all directions. The traditional layout provides a strong support for the new building.

Third, the design and application of functional space

From the perspective of functional layout, the function of traditional tulou is mainly social self-protection, and it is precisely because of this demand at that time that it formed the current classic. All tulou collective houses are first multi-ethnic buildings, followed by single-family houses. The core of the whole earth building is nave or Ancestral Temple. The gatehouse, nave, patio, Ancestral Temple and other spaces are all in the center or front of the whole building, and all rooms surround this center like stars and arches. This arrangement reflects the centripetal nature and symmetry of earth buildings, and also shows the composition law of collection and individual, public and private of earth buildings. As the spiritual core carrier of the earth building, the ancestral hall is always the largest and richest space on the main axis of the earth building, no matter how the architectural planning and form change.

Tulou commune should be as complete as possible in the functional layout of the building. The main public space in the building is the courtyard of the central square, and the periphery of the ground floor is used as a bicycle garage and a fire lane. Besides the equipment room and public space, there are also public spaces, such as table tennis room, reading room and management room. In order to consider the visits of relatives and friends, some commercial retail will be arranged at the entrance of the first floor. In its building, the space needed for daily life is designed so that people can recommend it in their spare time. These comprehensive considerations can draw lessons from the functional layout of the traditional earth building, which is "the sparrow is small and complete", and it is like a small society behind closed doors.

Fourthly, the influence of centripetal and closure on people's communication relationship.

Tulou, a family-based living organization, creates conditions for the hierarchy. Its spatial distribution and unique inward spatial form have effective communication advantages in social organizations. At the same time, it strengthens the efforts of the center and the family, and is linked to the concepts of closure, hierarchy and power. These characteristics fully reflect the traditional quadrangle houses in China. As a group living style, the traditional earth building has rooms evenly distributed along the periphery, which is similar to the architectural type of modern collective dormitory, but it has more affinity than modern banlou dormitory and contributes to the sense of neighborhood in the community. Tulou Commune has added new contents to its internal space layout, and there will be activity space on each floor to provide an open communication space for residents. In today's indifferent era, the feelings between people are alienated, the trust is reduced, and the centripetal nature increases the affinity and communication between people for modern architecture. The closeness of the earth building shields the surrounding harsh environment, and the centripetal nature inside creates a warm collective environment at the same time.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) conclusion

Tulou Commune is rooted in traditional folk culture, and it is integrated and innovated with tradition, which embodies the collision and blending of tradition and modernity. Through the analysis of the structure, materials, spatial forms and forms of traditional earth buildings, as well as the unique centripetal and closed nature, as well as the study of earth building commune from concept to form, from whole to part, this paper tries to explore the possibility of inheritance, integration and innovation of traditional folk architecture in modern architectural space design. Finally, through the analysis of the case of Tulou Commune, we can get a glimpse of the inheritance and innovation of traditional houses in China in modern architectural space.

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