Why do Hakka earth buildings show the charm of traditional architectural culture?

The origin of Hakka If you really want to know about Tulou, you have to start with Hakka culture. In Fujian, a beautiful southern garden,

Hakka architecture combining Chinese and western styles in Guangdong

In addition to the unique subtropical scenery, the most distinctive and mysterious is Hakka culture. Fujian is the birthplace of China's ancient Yue culture. According to legend, at the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, due to the continuous campaign of the Central Plains, some Han people in the Yellow River valley moved south to cross the river to avoid war and came to Jiangxi, Fujian and northern Guangdong. In order to distinguish it from the original local residents, it is called "Hakka". Hakka people have formed their own unique culture in the long historical process. Fujian Hakka culture is concentrated in western Fujian, with Changting as the center. The word "Hakka" probably represents the incomprehensible Hakka dialect, the Hakka earth building and countless Hakka ancestral temples. Edit the construction scale of this part. Yongding county has more than 8,000 large square and round earth buildings.

Luo former residence Jiangdong

There are only 360 circular buildings, the largest of which is 82 meters in diameter, and the smallest is Rusheng Building in Hongkeng Village, with a diameter of 17 meters. The oldest is the "Chengqi Building" in Gaobei Village, Gaotou Township, which was built in 1709 and has a diameter of 73 meters. At most, there were more than 80 families and more than 600 people living in the building. The most magnificent and representative building is the Sincere Building in Hongkeng Village. Tulou was square at first, with palace style, mansion style and different postures. It is not only strange, but also full of mystery, solid and firm. The building is piled with grain and raised with livestock. If there is a well and you need to guard against the enemy, you just need to close the gate and keep a few young people guarding it. Tulou is like a solid fortress, and women, children, old and young can sit back and relax. Because the square earth building is directional, the corner is dark, and the ventilation and lighting are different, Hakka people have designed a round earth building with good ventilation and lighting, which has no beginning and no end. Tulou is made of local materials and rammed with local clay sand. Every layer 10cm thick in the wall is covered with bamboo strips as wallboard, which plays a mutually reinforcing role. It is convenient to build and low in cost. The miracle of Tulou Group fully embodies the collective strength and superb wisdom of Hakkas.

At the same time, it shines with the brilliance of the excellent culture of the Chinese nation. Since the reform and opening up, Yongding tulou has attracted more and more attention from the world. The Sincere Building, located in Hongkeng Village, Hukeng Town, Yongding County, is world-famous and known as a pearl in the history of human civilization. Visiting all kinds of buildings is often the highlight of tourism, from imperial palaces to ordinary houses, from the Great Wall of Wan Li to pavilions, every building has its inexhaustible exquisiteness and beauty. But in western Fujian, I saw the most shocking residential building-Hakka earth building, whose appearance can be compared with the grand arena of ancient Rome, which makes people wonder whether the design of many modern gymnasiums has been influenced by it. Tulou is known as the unique mythical residential building in the world because of its unique shape, great momentum, moisture-proof and earthquake-resistant advantages. Edit Architectural Style The earth building in this paragraph is a collective building built with soil as the wall, which is round, semi-circular, square, quadrilateral, pentagonal, chair-shaped and dustpan-shaped. , and each has its own characteristics, of which the round one is the most eye-catching, and the locals call it round building or round village.

Shenzhen Hakka David Wanshiju

Tulou is a collective building, and its biggest feature lies in its large shape. No matter from a distance or in front of us, the earth building is shocking with its huge single building, and its volume is the largest among the residential buildings. The most common round building in the earth building we visited is about 50 meters in diameter and three or four stories high. There are more than 100 houses, which can accommodate 30 to 40 families and 200 to 300 people. The Dayuan Building can reach 70-80 meters in diameter, with five or six floors and four or five hundred houses, which can accommodate seven or eight hundred people. Earth buildings and residential buildings reflect the folk customs of Hakka people living in compact communities. From the research of history and architecture, the architectural style of tulou is a self-defense living style for national security. At that time, under the situation of Japanese aggression and annual civil war, the Hakka people who moved their families traveled thousands of miles to other places and chose to have both.

Architectural methods that are conducive to family reunion and can defend against war are adopted. Descendants of the same ancestor form an independent society in a tulou, with honor and disgrace. Therefore, restraint from the outside and cohesion from the inside are probably the most appropriate induction of tulou. The circular building is the most distinctive building in the local earth building. Generally speaking, it starts from a center and spreads out layer by layer according to different radii, just like water waves in a lake, which is very spectacular. Its center is family ancestral temple, followed by ancestral halls, verandahs and people living in the outermost ring. The whole earth building is the same size, with an area of about 10 square meter. The same staircase, no family has secrets. There are many types of earth buildings, one of which is the system of upper, middle and lower halls arranged in depth along the central axis. This kind of earth building, the lower hall is generally the entrance and exit, placed in the front; The nave is in the center, which is a place for family gatherings and welcoming guests. Shangtang is the innermost place where ancestral tablets are enshrined. In addition to the unique structure, the window sill, porch and cornice inside the earth building are also extremely gorgeous and exquisite, which is really a wonderful work in China residential buildings. There are many types of Hakka earth buildings, one of which is the system of upper, middle and lower halls arranged in depth along the central axis. This kind of earth building, the lower hall is usually the entrance and exit, placed in the front; The nave is in the center, which is a place for family gatherings and welcoming guests. Shangtang is the innermost place where ancestral tablets are enshrined. In addition to the unique structure, the window sill, porch and cornice inside the earth building are also extremely gorgeous and exquisite, which is really a wonderful work in China residential buildings. There are three typical Hakka earth buildings: Wufeng Building, Square Building and Yuan House. Generally speaking, there are three rooms.

The Wufeng Pagoda, centered on Fenggang Diaolou in Dongguan, contains obvious inferiority complex. To be sure, it is the continuation and development of the ancient courtyard layout in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, the birthplace of Chinese culture. In its group combination, only the upper hall (main hall) at the end of the central axis adopts a heavy rammed earth bearing wall. The layout of the square building is similar to that of Wufeng Building, but its thick earth wall extends from the upper room to the whole periphery. Obviously, its defense has been greatly strengthened. Yuan Zhai, as far as its name is concerned, shows two characteristics. On the one hand, in the circular building, three halls have been hidden, and the priority of ranking has been seriously weakened; On the other hand, Zhai is a fortress, and its defense function rises to the first place, becoming an extremely effective paramilitary project. Hakka tulou architecture has many advantages, such as full economy, good firmness, wonderful physics, outstanding defensiveness, unique artistry and so on.