What is the development process of elegant music and popular music in Qing Dynasty?

The court music in Qing dynasty mainly consists of three parts, namely, sacrificial music, super-meeting music and banquet music. Because most of the systems in the Qing Dynasty followed those in the Ming Dynasty, these three kinds of court music were formed by inheriting the development of elegant music in the Ming Dynasty. Sacrificial music in Qing Dynasty is generally music and dance for sacrifice, and the sacrificial contents include Qiu Huan, Xiannong, Tai Sui, Zhou Tianxing, emperors of past dynasties, ancestral temples, stone caves and so on.

In the Qing Dynasty, there was also a kind of super-social music, which was mainly used for temple fairs in the suburbs, celebrating happiness and other occasions, including single big music, moderate and little music, and little music in central Yunnan.

Banquet music in Qing Dynasty can be divided into three types: catering music, solo music, Wuwen music, overflowing dance music, catering music, catering music, Taiping Qingle and so on. The performance follows certain procedural norms, and the costumes of court musicians also have certain norms.

Specifically, there were 1 1 kinds of elegant music in Qing Dynasty, including Zhonghe Shaole, Chanbi Da Yue, Zhonghe Yueqing, Chanbi Le Qing, Daoying Yue Le, Gongge Music, Heji Sang Le, Qingling, Banquet, Banquet and Country Music, all of which were used in specific occasions, and some of them were in different sizes.

In the Qing Dynasty, cymbals were used by emperors to ride in and out, but their occasions of use were different from those of guiding and welcoming guests. In the Qing Dynasty, according to the different occasions of use, it was divided into halogen book music, former music, Xing Xing music and triumph music, among which Xing Xing music was divided into singing horns, singing cymbals and singing cymbals. Triumphal music is divided into cymbals and triumphal music, and the number of instruments and bands used is different.

There are nine kinds of banquet music in Qing Dynasty, such as Qinglong Dance, Desheng Dance and Shide Dance, as well as Valkabu Music, Korean Music, Huibu Music, Fanzi Music, Gurkha Music, Myanmar Music and Annan Music. Most of the nine kinds of music come from neighboring countries.

It is worth mentioning that there are many kinds of Mongolian music in the court music of the Qing Dynasty, and the content is also extremely rich. These Mongolian music was the main part of the court banquet in Qing Dynasty.

Banquets in the Qing Dynasty are mostly held on New Year's Day, Longevity Day, New Year's Eve and other days. In addition, large-scale banquets will also be held at the wedding of the emperor and the wedding or celebration of the princess.

All these banquets are ceremonial, and the music played at the banquet is also ceremonial. In the New Year's Day banquet in the Qing Dynasty, there were performing music after the ceremony, which was very rich in content, among which Mongolian music "blowing music" and "playing music in a fan" were important components.

In addition, in the Qing Dynasty, when the court Mongolian music was specially given to Mongolian princes and nobles, it was played before the banquet to show respect for Mongolian customs and habits. Generally speaking, it is sung in the middle of a banquet, or after the banquet.

In the Qing Dynasty, the court Mongolian music was not only played in banquet places such as Beijing and Chengde, but also played every autumn when Mulan traveled around the world.

The representative works of the court Mongolian music in Qing Dynasty include Yuan Yin, Railing, Thoughts of Carrying Prosperity, Introduction to the Law Seats, Introduction to Ci, Gui Folk Song, Five Families and so on.

When the lyrics of these music were translated from Mongolian into Chinese, they were processed by court literati in Qing Dynasty. Generally speaking, these Mongolian lyrics should be translated into traditional cymbals and musical forms in China. But not as strict as four words. This still takes care of the original song form.

In addition, the ideological content of the song "ChuiChui Chui Le" in Mongolian music in the Qing Dynasty also includes the praises of Mongolian Khan's sacrifice to ancestors, the Khan's songs sung in festivals, the praises of worshipping Buddha at ordinary banquets, the songs of toasting wine, etc., all of which are rich in philosophical aphorisms, as well as the popular homesickness songs at that time and the praise of parents' upbringing. The instruments used in the performance are relatively simple, such as Hu Jia, Zheng and harmonica.

In a word, the court music of the Qing Dynasty developed greatly on the basis of the Ming Dynasty, with more varieties and more bands, which shows that the Qing Dynasty attached great importance to court music.

Besides elegant music, popular music in the Qing Dynasty also developed greatly. After inheriting the folk music culture of the previous generation, the folk produced a variety of rap music. Different from the Ming Dynasty, due to the emergence of capitalist economic factors in the Qing Dynasty, the civil class is growing day by day, and the popular music in the Qing Dynasty inherits the characteristics of the popular music in the Ming Dynasty, and its music culture is more secular.

The content of folk ditty in Qing Dynasty is rich, although it is mixed with good and bad, but it has a wide influence, reaching the level of "don't ask men and women" and "everyone is Xi". In addition, in the Qing Dynasty, private editors collected and printed ditties, from folk ditties to songbooks, operas and Qin songs.

The development of musical instrumental music in the Qing Dynasty was manifested in various forms of instrumental ensemble among the people. Such as Beijing Zhihua Temple Wind Music, Hebei Blowing Song, Jiangnan Silk and Bamboo, Fan Shi Gong and Drum, etc. Qin music such as Running Water and a number of rich Qin music such as Three Layers of Yangguan and Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia were widely circulated in the Qing Dynasty.