There are many schools of shadow play. What are the classifications of shadow play?

Nowadays, shadow play culture has gone abroad and faced the world. We know that shadow play has been recorded in writing for more than 1000 years, and it has been documented since the Ming Dynasty. Then do you know what genre shadow play is divided into? Do you know what type they are? Come and have a look with me.

Shadow play is also called "Shadow Play", "Light Shadow Play" and "Earth Shadow Play", and in some areas it is called "Monkey Play" and "Paper Shadow Play". It is a kind of drama, in which figures carved from animal skins or paper plates are illuminated by lights to perform stories. Traditional Chinese opera and aria mostly interact with local operas, which are manipulated by artists and sung with music.

Due to the wide spread of shadow play in China, different schools have been formed in the long-term evolution of different regions, such as Sichuan shadow play, Hubei shadow play, Hunan shadow play, Beijing shadow play, Tangshan shadow play, Shandong shadow play, Shanxi shadow play, Qinghai shadow play, Ningxia shadow play, Shaanxi shadow play, and other local shadow plays with different styles.

The musical vocals and rhythms of shadow play around the country absorbed the essence of local opera, folk art, folk songs and minor music system, and formed many colorful schools. There are Mianyang shadow play, Tangshan shadow play, Jinan shadow play, Xiaoyi shadow play, Fuzhou shadow play, Haining shadow play, Lufeng shadow play, Huaxian shadow play, Huayin old tune, Agong tune, Xianban tune, Huanxian Taoist shadow play, Lingyuan shadow play and so on.

Although the voices of shadow play in Hebei, Beijing, Northeast China and Shandong all originated from Laoting in Luanzhou, East Hebei, their respective voices were nourished by Peking Opera, gongs and drums, bangzi and folk songs, forming different schools. Smooth flat tones, gorgeous and gorgeous tones, and sad and sad tones are all available. Among them, the choking singing method in Luanhe River area in Tang Dynasty is very unique.

Jinan shadow play

Shadow play was first born in the Western Han Dynasty two thousand years ago and flourished in Zhili (Hebei Province) in the Qing Dynasty. Shadow play in southern Hebei is one of the opera arts in Hebei Province. It has a long history. It is said that the shadow play of Beijing court was formed by living in the south of Hebei, mainly distributed in the south of Hebei, and spread to areas such as central Hebei and northern Hebei, especially the vast area centered on Feixiang County of Handan City. Feixiang County is the birthplace of shadow play in southern Hebei. The shadow play here is called "Cowhide Shadow Play", "Shadow Play", "Poke Shadow Play" and "One-eyed Play". Flying shadow play, based on China traditional drama, appears in the form of folk paper-cutting, which is a typical representative of shadow play in southern Hebei.

Zhejiang shadow play

Zhejiang Haining Shadow Play is located in Haining City, Zhejiang Province, on the north bank of Qiantang River. Haining shadow play, a classical drama with the style of Southern Song Dynasty, has been passed down to this day. Haining Shadow Play was introduced from the Southern Song Dynasty, that is, it was integrated with the local "Tang Yan Yanggong Song" and "Haining Minor", and absorbed the classical tunes such as Yiyang Tune, and changed the northern tune to the southern tune, thus forming the ancient music with Yiyang Tune and Haiyan Tune as the keynote. The tune is high-pitched, passionate and elegant, with flute, suona, erhu and other Jiangnan silk and bamboo, and the rhythm is bright and melodious, full of water town charm.

At the same time, the lyrics and lyrics were changed to Haining dialect, which became a regular program for folk weddings, birthdays and blessings. Moreover, Haining is rich in silk, and there is a folk custom of praying for the silkworm god. Shadow play is also called "Silkworm Flower Class" because of its long-term performance of "Silkworm Flower Play".

Guangdong shadow play

Lufeng Shadow Play is the only relic of Chaozhou Shadow Play, one of the three major shadow play systems in China, and Lufeng Shadow Play Troupe is the only professional shadow play troupe in Guangdong Province. Lufeng shadow play has been surviving and developing among the people, with the genes of the ancient Minnan language family and the breeding of Hailufeng folk customs. It has rich singing music, strong local characteristics, exquisite paintings and sculptures, and vivid and elegant performances.

Hubei shadow play

Hubei shadow play is mainly divided into two categories: "door-god spectrum" (big shadow play) and "Wei spectrum" (small shadow play). The spectrum of door gods is mainly concentrated in Mianyang (now Xiantao), Yunmeng, Yingcheng and parts of Huangpi, Xiaogan and Hanchuan counties in Jianghan Plain. "Weipu" shadow play is distributed in Zhuxi, Zhushan, Gucheng, Baokang, Yuan 'an, Nanzhang, Xiangyang and Suizhou in northern and northwestern Hubei. Its shape and style are similar to those of Shaanxi-Henan shadow play, which is the result of the exchange and integration of folk culture in Shaanxi, Henan and Hubei.

Taishan shadow play

The only representative task of Taishan Shadow Play is Mr. Fan Zhengan, the only master of "Ten Leisure" skills, to inherit the national heritage, build Taishan brand and carry forward Taishan culture! The story of Taishan Shi Gandang performed by Taishan Shadow Play is vivid, and it was held in the whole country during the 17th National Congress.

Longdong shadow play

The creative tussah of Longdong shadow play is good at exaggeration and deformation. The characters have big heads and small bodies, narrow bodies and wide bottoms, and their arms are knee-high. Facial images are generally positive except for three-quarters and a half sides of individual clowns and ghosts. The design law of facial mask is basically the same as that of Shaanxi Guanzhong Shaanxi Opera facial mask, which is black loyalty, white treachery, red fierceness, brave flower and emptiness (that is, positive engraving). Other films, such as Gong Shuai Zhang, Several Cases, Gums and Animals, Flowers and other props, have a compressed structure and a slightly stronger perspective, which is lower than that of shadow people.

Shadow play in western Beijing, also known as Xicheng School of Beijing Shadow Play, is the earliest urban shadow play with capital characteristics in Beijing, and is the representative and mainstream of Beijing Shadow Play.

According to the available information, Beijing shadow play began in Liao and Jin Dynasties more than 900 years ago. At that time, the art of shadow play in the Central Plains and the Northern Song Dynasty was mature. Nai Deyong's "Ji Sheng Wa She Zhong Ji" said: "All movies ... are originally carved with ordinary paper and then covered with colored leather. His story is almost the same as that in history books, almost half true and half false.

The righteous carves the correct appearance, while the wicked carves the ugly appearance. The cover also contains praise and criticism in the eyes of the common people. Wu's "Meng Liang Ji Yi" notes: "There is more shadow play." . At the beginning of Bianjing in Yuan Dynasty, they carved cymbals with plain paper. Since then, they have skillfully carved various shapes with sheepskin and decorated them with colors, which will not damage ... "

After hundreds of years of development and progress, Beijing Western Shadow Play has inherited and retained the essence and characteristics of Shaanxi Shadow Play, Henan Jiangsu and Zhejiang Shadow Play and Luanzhou Northeast Shadow Play, and formed a Beijing Shadow Play with Beijing flavor. Its main artistic features are exquisite, vivid, changeable and perspective.

Conclusion Goethe/Kloc-In the 8th century, world celebrities such as Chaplin spoke highly of China's shadow play art. It can be said that shadow play is a folk art with a long history and wide spread in China. This art form, which originated in China, has attracted many foreign opera lovers, and people affectionately call it "China Shadow Lantern".