On the direction of reform of the engineering project management system?

Basic construction is an important part of the national economy, is an important foundation for the construction of social material civilization. For a long time, the country in the planned economic system, engineering construction using construction units (construction command), design units, construction units, material supply units, the system of division of labor and cooperation, the construction and development of the national economy has made a positive contribution. With the economic globalization and the rapid development of science and technology, the modern engineering construction projects are getting bigger and bigger, more and more complicated, more and more demanding, involving a wider and wider range of aspects. The traditional engineering construction unit (construction command) as the main engineering project management system increasingly shows its main links between design, construction, supply of materials and disconnect each other, engineering construction cycle is long, work efficiency is not high, low investment efficiency and other shortcomings. For a long time, the construction command officials or business leaders to engineering project management as administrative management or general business management, with administrative management tools or general business management methods to manage the project, the existence of the construction command so that people have a misunderstanding that the construction of engineering projects can be constructed by the construction department of this way to organize the implementation, without the need for specialized engineering contracting companies or management companies. .

In fact. There have been a large number of examples and experience has proved the shortcomings of the construction of the Ministry of command: because it is a temporary set up, so the lack of project management procedures and methods; because it is non-specialized, so the lack of project management expertise and experience; because it is non-specialized, the project was completed that is withdrawn or transferred to the industry. So the accumulated experience or lessons learned can not be used as a reference for future projects. From the point of view of the whole country. Is year after year "to pay tuition", and constantly go "before the overturn", resulting in huge waste and loss of construction projects, resulting in huge ineffective investment in construction projects.

Modern engineering project management calls for professional management organization

Construction project is a systematic project, because the systematic project has its own internal rules, need to be adapted to the management mode, management procedures, management methods, management techniques to achieve, that is to say, the need to specialize in engineering project management organization for the service. This organization should have with the project management of the corresponding functions, institutions, procedures, methods and technologies; have the appropriate qualifications, talents, experience, can provide the owners with the best project management services, can create the maximum benefit for the owners.

FIDIC (English acronym for the International Federation of Consulting Engineers) recommended project management model basically has two types: one is to FIDIC "Civil Engineering Construction Contract Conditions" as a representative of the model, this model owners in the commissioning of the completion of the design based on bidding for the selection of contractors, but the contractor is not responsible for the design. Another is to FIDIC "design - build and turnkey project contract conditions" as a representative of the mode, this mode owners in the completion of the employer requirements or project definition based on the selection of the general contractor through bidding, this mode contractor is responsible for the design, procurement, construction management and drive the whole process of service, which is the epc general contracting FIDIC conditions of contract is summarized in nearly a hundred years of engineering contracting contract experience on the basis of the model published by many modifications. fidic conditions of contract reflects the construction project **** the same law; fully consider and take into account the owner, contractor, sub-contractor parties' responsibilities, rights and interests, and strive not to favor any party: its relevant provisions based on the law, after many years of practice and improvement. It is prepared in accordance with the practice of international engineering contracting, and many of its provisions have **** the same understanding in the engineering contracting community. It is not only commonly adopted in developed countries, but also gradually accepted and adopted by small developing countries and regions, especially accepted by authoritative financial institutions such as the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank. Therefore, FIDIC contract terms have the characteristics of science, fairness, rigor, standardization and internationalization.

Some suggestions for reform

China has been formally added to the WTO. the National Tenth Five-Year Plan Outline pointed out that: to make good preparations for accession to the WTO and the transition period of the work, and step by step to promote the opening up of the service sector. How to increase China's engineering project management system reform, as soon as possible to improve the level of project management, early convergence with the international community, has become an imperative and inevitably placed in front of the engineering and construction community. To this end. A few suggestions for the relevant parties for reference.

(I) vigorously promote the use of FIDIC project management model and FIDIC contract conditions

FIDIC recommended project management model and FIDIC contract conditions, China has been used in some large-scale projects and international contracting projects and accumulated some experience, but the use of the general public is not widespread enough to publicize the face of the broader. 1999, FIDIC published a new set of model contract conditions. In 1999, FIDIC published a new set of model contract conditions. The old version of the structure, definition and scope of application of the larger improvements, which will play a positive role in China's engineering projects contracting industry. We should organize as soon as possible to formulate the FIDIC contract conditions based on the contract model suitable for China's socialist market economy, and increase the promotion and publicity efforts to change the engineering project management system lagging behind the reform, some of the owners of the unit and the department in charge of the leadership of the concept of stereotypes. Local and departmental compartmentalization, project management, government and enterprises are not separated, administrative intervention prevails, the situation of serious protectionism. As soon as possible to let the project management from the traditional self-management to socialization, professional market mode of operation, to achieve with international practice.

(B) vigorously cultivate EPC full-featured engineering companies and project management companies

Currently, China's design power and construction power of the overall surplus, the design team and construction team are "too many, too few" phenomenon, while specializing in the whole process of EPC project management is very weak, can provide full-process project management services and the owners with Provide the whole process of project management services and EPC contracting capacity of a few engineering companies, the development of incomplete, to the chemical industry, for example, the industry has only a few companies such as Chengda Chemical Engineering Company, the basic EPC whole process of general contracting capacity, the rest of the vast majority of the design, construction units do not have the ability to carry out the whole process of general contracting of the EPC alone. The reason for this status quo, first, the whole process of project management can create considerable benefits for the project and the owner of the lack of understanding. Practice has proved that the whole process of project management is a high value-added service activities, is most able to create value for the owners and benefits of a service. Secondly, the project management requires a high level of knowledge and skills, that is, project management needs to be specialized in the lack of understanding. A considerable number of domestic owners and leaders in charge of project management is very simple, who can manage, and therefore are not willing to entrust a specialized engineering contracting company to implement engineering project management. In order to quickly reverse this situation, we must vigorously cultivate EPC full-featured engineering companies or project management companies in China. China's large design institutes have the most conditions to change into EPC full-featured engineering company or project management company. China's large-scale design institutes have the most conditions to be converted into EPC full-featured engineering company, because the design plays a leading role in the construction of the project, the design institute is more centralized, rich in talent resources. A number of backbone design institutes into a full-featured EPC engineering company, is an important and urgent task of the current engineering project management system reform.

(C) accelerate the implementation of investment project legal person system, the organization of owner training

In 1992, the State Planning Commission issued the "on the implementation of the construction project owner responsibility system of the Interim Provisions", and then the implementation of the system of responsibility of the project legal person, this year's National Tenth Five-Year Plan Outline and pointed out that: the full implementation of the system of responsibility of the legal person of the investment project, the bidding system, the system of project management, the system of contract management, and improve the investment The constraining mechanism is improved. This makes China's construction project management system reform a big step forward. However, in the actual operation, there are still some problems, mainly two points: First, the owner's responsibility. Owner responsibility is the root of the problem or "real owners" and "false owners" of the problem has not been completely resolved. Owners are the main body of investment in the project, but due to ownership and mechanism of various reasons, owners really care about or in the decision-making actually consider, often not the ultimate benefit of the project, in the stage of the establishment of the project. They tend to consider how to make the project can be approved, when it can be approved; in deciding the project management model, they must consider how to attach the will of government officials; in the decision-making whether to implement the EPC general contracting, they are more concerned about the evil door personnel arrangements and benefits. The direct consequence of this is waste and corruption, the ultimate consequence is to damage the effectiveness of the project, resulting in a large number of ineffective investment. The root cause of these phenomena is that the project legal person responsibility system is not really implemented in practice. Second, the quality of the owners. Owners are the main investment in the project, the implementation of the project has the greatest decision-making power, whether the correct decision depends on the quality of the owners. Owners must not necessarily be project management experts, but as the owners of construction projects should have the necessary knowledge of project management. They should understand the cost of project management, progress, quality of the three major control, they should know the cost of the project is not necessarily the lower the better, the cost is low to the extent that the quality of the project can not be guaranteed, the project will be quality accidents. Progress is not necessarily the faster the better, the construction cycle compressed to an unreasonable degree, will have to increase the cost or affect the quality; quality is not necessarily the higher the better, the quality of the standard should be appropriate and qualified, quality excess is a waste. That is to say, the benefits ultimately created should be used to measure and decide the reasonable cost of the project, a reasonable period and qualified quality standards. When the industry soil blindly slap an unreasonable cost, unreasonable cycle or unreasonable quality standards, in fact, often has been counterproductive, buried the root of the project failure.

The owner's project management involves the choice of project management model, design and contractor selection, project coordination and control, project contract management and acceptance and many other aspects. Owners should not replace and too much over the pre-professional engineering company's project management, but also do not give up the supervision and control of the project, which involves a lot of knowledge in project management. Practice has proved that the quality of the owners to a large extent determines the success or failure of the project, the implementation of the project legal person responsibility system after the owner (project legal person) training is very necessary.

(D) organization to carry out research and development of project management technology to improve the level of project management

Construction project management system in China due to the long-term impact of the planned economic system, project design, procurement, construction is separated. epc full-featured engineering and project management consulting firms are still a few. China's existing engineering consulting company's main business is the project proposal, project feasibility study report preparation or evaluation; the existing design institute is not responsible for procurement and construction management. Existing supervision company's main task is actually the construction phase of the project construction quality supervision, therefore, for project management as a science, EPC process as a systematic process and project management technology as a scientific advanced tools, but also a lack of research, summarize and improve. Some owners and contractors in developed countries even think that Chinese engineering companies and contractors currently do not have the ability to independently manage and control large-scale projects, mainly because the level of project management technology in China is still relatively low. Improving the technical level of project management is an urgent task for China's engineering and construction community. In order to improve the management level of China's construction projects, should pay attention to and advocate the research, development, application and promotion of engineering project management technology.

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