Characteristics of Song-style Color Paintings in China Ancient Architecture

Song-style painting is a kind of color painting painted on wooden components in China in Song Dynasty.

In Song Dynasty, the color painting mostly used the method of overlapping halo, which made the color change from shallow to deep or from deep to shallow, and the change was soft without stiff feeling, showing an elegant style. These can be seen as early as Li Zhongming's "Building French Style" in the Song Dynasty. On the basis of summarizing the architectural experience of the previous generation, he put forward a set of systematic rules and regulations on color painting, and made a very detailed record of the graphics, colors and practices of color painting.

Judging from the pavilions in the boundary paintings and landscape figure paintings in the Song Dynasty, the architecture in the Song Dynasty reached the peak of China feudal society and the economy and culture in the Song Dynasty! Paving (combination of bucket, arch and towering) is beautiful and complete. The buildings in the Song paintings and the existing Song buildings are rarely painted on the pavement. However, the "Building Law" promulgated by the State of Song introduced the painting system on buildings in detail. Therefore, I think this kind of painting will only appear in high-grade buildings such as the Imperial Palace Temple (a big temple that abides by the etiquette system) in ancient times, and many other buildings are not painted or made of vegetarian materials.

In this period, the colored paintings were preserved not only in underground tombs and cave murals, but also in ground buildings. Therefore, we must understand the color painting art of this period on the basis of the written record of "building French style" in Song Dynasty and referring to the color painting pictures of building French style described by later generations. According to the 14 color painting system of "architectural French", the color painting at that time was divided into six forms, namely multicolored decoration, jade rolling decoration, cyan overlapping decoration, green removing decoration, Dan painting decoration and miscellaneous decoration.

1: Multicolor Dressing: On the surfaces of beams and arches, the overlapping halo of turquoise or vermilion is used as the outline, and colorful floral decoration is painted inside, with vermilion or turquoise as the base, and the color effect is very gorgeous.

2. Jade grinding: using green or green overlapping halo as the outer edge on the beam and bucket surface, and making flower decoration on the light green or dark green foundation.

3. Installation of Green-Green Overlapping Halo Edge: Use green and green to treat the halo of the outer edge and the inner surface of the edge, that is, if the outer edge overlaps cyan, the inner edge overlaps green and the outer edge overlaps cyan, and the two are connected by light color, which is called halo and the surface is not decorated.

4. Green-removing decoration: it is often used for bucket surface, which is to brush soil and ink on the surface, and the outer edge is outlined by cyan overlapping halo. Generally there is no pattern on the surface. If you add flowers, it is called green decoration.

5. Dan painting decoration: white is the edge of the component, and the surface is painted with earth ink. If it is used on the bucket arch, Huang Dan color is painted on the bottom of the bucket arch and in front of the head to change color O.

6. Miscellaneous and interpenetrating: The first five kinds are mixed, aiming at "matching with each other to make China colorful".

If these six forms of color painting are distinguished by color and color effect, the multi-color clothes and miscellaneous clothes are bright and colorful; Jade-grinding clothes and cyan-green overlapping fringe clothes are mainly green, and the color tone is cold; Green clothes and Dan paintings are mainly warm colors of earth and Zhu.

Song Style Painted Patterns:

In the color painting system, there are Chinese paintings, essays, moire patterns, flying immortals, birds and animals.

1: Chinese can be divided into nine categories: sea pomegranate flower, treasure flower, lotus flower, group guest Bao Zhao, ring-headed zygote, leopard foot halo, agate land, fish scale flag foot and ring-headed persimmon.

2. Essays: divided into six categories.

3. moire: two products.

4. Fei Xian: Two products.

5: bird: three products.

6. Animals: Four products.

Among these kinds of colored paintings, brightly colored costumes are mostly used in palaces and temples; Blue-green colored paintings are mostly used in garden houses, while Dan's colored paintings are mostly used in second-hand houses and luxury houses, which invisibly leads to the difference in grades.

As for China, according to the nature and size of buildings and the types and forms of colored paintings, different categories are adopted. Therefore, from the record of "Building French Style" and a few relics of colored paintings at that time, it can be explained that the colored paintings in the Song Dynasty were quite gorgeous and played an important role in forming the rich style of architecture in this period.