How did the folk custom in Jingxian County come from?

On the second day of the second lunar month, a "Land Meeting" was held to celebrate the longevity of the Land Bodhisattva. Almost every village has a small "land temple", in which statues of "land father" and "land mother-in-law" are carved out of stone. Sacrificial ceremonies are also very simple. Several dishes, tea, rice and beans are displayed on the temple platform, and a bottle of water and wine is sprinkled. After burning incense and worshipping, set off firecrackers, and the end. Land gods often appear in some modern dramas, such as Yong Dong and the seven fairies playing matchmakers under the Huaiyin tree in The Fairy Couple, and the Monkey King in The Journey to the West repeatedly summoned the little gods to inquire about the whereabouts of the detective and so on. However, the land god in Jingxian county still has some origins. It is said that he was Shi Huan of Xuancheng in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The Soviet army made an insurrection in Ming Di (324-326) and sent Han Huang to attack Xuancheng area. Huan retreated to Jingxian County and died in. There are relics such as Huan cemetery, station troops and camps in the territory. Later generations revered Huan and died for their country. Loyal deeds, set up a shrine to sacrifice. "Born to be English, died to be God", Huan became the "land god" of Jingxian County. It is said that the local governor who was in charge of "civil affairs" before his death was born on February 2, so the Land Temple has this kind of couplet: "Respect the two old people on February 2, and wish the next Millennium." There are all kinds of couplets on the small earth temple, which reflects people's understanding of this god. "Keeping one party happy and keeping the four seasons safe" shows that he is a little god who protects local peace. "The temple is small and dry, the sky is high and the sun and the moon are long." "There is no monk sweeping the floor in the temple, and there is no candle and moon lighting in front of God." Although the temple is small, the Shinto is big and the people are devout, which seems gratifying. "Brush your beard to see the dawn and laugh at the east wind with crutches", describing the land god as an amiable old man. Of course, there is also a very mysterious joint article "Right and wrong, a clear sky". In short, in people's minds, he is not as magnificent as other gods, but a god close to ordinary people. Perhaps people use this special way to remember and commemorate the Duke Huan who fought bloody battles on the battlefield.

There are cold food festivals and Tomb-Sweeping Day in February and March of the lunar calendar. The Cold Food Festival is a day for Jin Wengong to mourn the death of Mianshan. It is designated as "no fire and cold food", that is, every household does not set off fireworks, and everyone uses "cold food". Due to the long history, people in later generations paid little attention to the regulation of "banning fire", but Tomb-Sweeping Day left some traces the next day. Willow branches with fresh leaves are inserted in front of every household, and children wear them around and knead them into willow balls to play. The bright green willow branches seem to be related to the mourning for Jie Zhitui who died in the fire. Of course, the most important activity in Tomb-Sweeping Day is grave-sweeping. On this day, people bring tools to the graves of their ancestors to pile up soil to remove weeds, burn incense and wrap paper as a drink offering, and insert a string of paper money in front of the graves. Paper money is cut into Wan Ziwen with white paper, and the lower end is cut into slender paper money. Flying in the wind on the grave shows people's affection and sadness. After liberation, it was given a new meaning. Tomb-Sweeping Day paid homage to the tomb of the martyrs, and instead laid a wreath in memory of the heroes.

On the fifth day of May, the Dragon Boat Festival commemorates Qu Yuan, a great poet who sank into the Miluo River. Maolin has no big river to hold a dragon boat race, but it went to Dongxi River with a fire extinguisher on its back, and many people watched it. The scene was very enthusiastic, and the locals called it the "Pumping Dragon". There is no mourning atmosphere in this way of commemoration, and glutinous rice dumplings are just for people to enjoy. Maolin's zongzi is very distinctive, and the green giant knotweed leaves show the Qing Xiang of bamboo leaves. The glutinous rice mixed with red beans is called red bean jiaozi, and the chopped ham, red dates and chestnuts are called jujube chestnut jiaozi. After cooking, eat with sugar, which is sweet, salty and delicious. Besides eating zongzi, there are also fried dumplings and drinking realgar wine on the Dragon Boat Festival, which is probably influenced by the story of The Legend of the White Snake. Drinking realgar wine can ward off evil spirits. Write the word "Wang" on the child's forehead with realgar wine. In addition to wearing new clothes, the children also wear tiger-headed shoes embroidered with the word "Wang" and embroidered wallets wrapped in tea. There are mugwort and long pu on the doors of every household. "mugwort leaves are flags and long pu is swords", or it may be with the help of Zhong Kui who exorcises evil spirits and catches ghosts. It turned out to be the Dragon Boat Festival to commemorate Qu Yuan, but these ghost-hunting stories were derived, which is really ironic. But the custom of eating zongzi and inserting mugwort leaves has been passed down to this day.

On June 6, the Tiangong Festival was limited to farmers offering sacrifices to the "Tiangong Bodhisattva" and praying for the blessing of "bumper harvests". On this day, even poor farmers have to buy a few kilograms of fresh pork to "celebrate the festival". Once upon a time, a child, Sang Song, said, "On June 6th, there was not a piece of meat on that knife board." Cooking with pork, there is a kind of "white-cut meat", which is only available on the Tiangong Festival. It is to take a piece of pork belly and cook it, cut it into thin slices and add seasoning to make it smooth and palatable. It is not clear what is the relationship between eating boiled meat and offering sacrifices to the public field, and few people pay attention to the Tiangong Festival now.

July 7th is Valentine's Day in China. It is said that the cowherd and the weaver girl on both sides of the Tianhe River can only meet on this day, which is a rare "good time". It is a good omen for folk girls to hold embroidery needles and put on thin threads quickly. The traditional saying is "begging for cleverness". Later, ordinary people seem to ignore the good days of the gods in the sky, but watch the "smart cloud" on July 7. At the turn of summer and autumn, the situation changes, and the white clouds are strange and colorful, which is really worth seeing. Maolin people used to pay great attention to watching Wild Boars Crossing the River. There was a space between the two big clouds, which was called "Tianhe". A dark cloud similar to the shape of a wild boar slowly drifted across the Tianhe River, which is still intact. People say that "the wild boar has crossed the Tianhe River". If you don't cross the river, the clouds will disappear, and people will be uneasy and afraid of floods and droughts. No wonder there was no weather forecast in the past. Maolin is located in the mountainous area, which is prone to flash floods or droughts, causing losses to crops. People can only "look up at the sky" to predict the harvest of that year.

July 15 is called "July 30th" and is said to be "Ghost Festival". When people burn paper money for their ancestors, they also have to burn another pile of paper money, which is for those "ghosts". People are superstitious about ghosts with nowhere to go, and they come out to wander this night. So children are forbidden to go out after dinner to prevent evil spirits. After liberation, the gruesome July 30 was gradually forgotten by people.

August 15, Mid-Autumn Festival, after dinner, people come out to enjoy the moon, and some move their tables outside to eat "Mid-Autumn Tea". A bright moon rises gradually. While eating moon cakes, pomegranates, chestnuts and other fruits, everyone tells old stories such as "the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon" and "Visiting the Moon Palace in the Tang Dynasty", which is a leisurely scene that no other festivals have. It also depends on the natural environment with clear weather, clear sky and bright moon in autumn and a bumper harvest year. Without these conditions, people would not have leisure to enjoy the moon. On Mid-Autumn Festival, the whole family get together to eat moon cakes, and merchants compete to launch their own products. The words "heavy oil moon cake" and exquisite patterns were printed on the wrapping paper, and thick oil stains penetrated several layers of wrapping paper. The □ seeds of moon cakes are sugar hearts (including small pieces of rock sugar), sesame hearts and bean paste hearts, plus green red silk and sweet-scented osmanthus dew, which have a unique taste. There is also a local story about the Mid-Autumn Festival: a rich family put four gold ingots at the foot of a table placed outside the door and boasted that their family was rich. The poor family asked four sons to hold a table leg, and wherever the moonlight moved, they moved, enjoying the moon very much. Explain that people are "running dogs" and are more powerful than possessing wealth. Once upon a time there was a custom of "touching autumn". After eating moon cakes, young people sneak into other people's vegetable gardens or fields in the dark and "touch" some fruits and vegetables to go home. They were very happy when they got it, which indicated unexpected "financial happiness". If someone finds you coming home empty-handed, you will say "bad luck!" " When you go home. , say "touch", in fact, it is "stealing", after liberation, it is not fun.

On September 9th, the Double Ninth Festival, the air was crisp in autumn, and many people went to Kuifeng for sightseeing. In the past, some literati gathered in the "Jixian Pavilion" in Kuishan, and even if no one was far away, they had to recite the Tang poems of "Cornus officinalis is short of one person". Ordinary people prepare some food and drinks, have a reunion dinner and honor their elders, which is probably the reason why the Double Ninth Festival was later named "Respect for the Elderly".

1October 15 is commonly known as "October 30th". In the old days, there were activities similar to "July 30" to worship ancestors, but there was no content to burn paper money for ghosts. But on this day, you have to drink and eat, and there is an atmosphere of "festival".

1 1 The winter solstice was once a popular festival. Ancestors were sacrificed in Shandong ancestral temple and a grand ceremony was held. Every household still burns incense paper at home to "invite ancestors", and then the whole family gets together to add meals, and the dishes are more abundant. Once upon a time, there was a legend that "men cook the winter solstice and women cook the summer solstice", that is, on the two days of "winter solstice" and "summer solstice", meals were given to men and women, usually to kill chickens and enjoy other nutritious foods. This may be related to the concept of the rise and fall of yin and yang in winter solstice and the rise and fall of yin and yang in summer solstice. In the countryside near Maolin, there is also the habit of "eating pumpkins in winter solstice". Take out the stored pumpkin, cut it into large pieces, cook it without seasoning, and serve it in the whole home decoration bowl, which is sweet and fragrant. There are also dried pumpkin and pumpkin pie, which are red and yellow, sweet and delicious, and are very popular among people. But it is not clear why we should eat pumpkins on the winter solstice.

"Laba porridge" is usually eaten on the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month, with glutinous rice porridge and dried fruits such as red dates, lotus seeds and barley. It has the functions of keeping warm, eliminating dampness and nourishing, and is an ideal food in big seasons.

In addition to superstitious activities such as worshipping ghosts and gods, various contents are added to various festivals throughout the year, mainly in terms of diet, clothing, communication and cultural life, which may be an adjustment and supplement to ordinary life and make people feel that festivals have a different flavor.