What are the architectural features of the Summer Palace?

The architectural style of the Summer Palace is the essence of all the buildings in China. The palace area and the inner courtyard area in the east are typical northern quadrangle styles; The lake area in the south is a typical West Lake style in Hangzhou. North of Wanshou Mountain is a typical Tibetan Lama Temple style. Suzhou Street in the north is also a typical water town style.

Among the ancient royal gardens in the Summer Palace, the garden buildings are rich and colorful, with more than 40 pavilions. The shapes, sizes and types of pavilions are similar. From the plane shape, there are square, hexagon, octagon, rectangle, circle, square and semi-pavilion; From the perspective of three-dimensional modeling, there are single-layer and double-layer.

Roof forms include single eaves, double eaves, pyramid roofs, rest hilltops and rolled shed roofs; From the material point of view, there are wood structures and copper castings; Roofing materials include clear water tiles and glazed tiles. They stand on hills, climb on buildings, sit by pools or hide in flowers and trees. They combine with other buildings, landscapes and plants in the garden with beautiful, exquisite and colorful images to form a vivid picture.

Extended data:

First, the architectural model.

The Summer Palace covers an area of 293 hectares and is mainly composed of Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Lake. There are more than 3,000 palace garden buildings in various forms, which can be roughly divided into three parts: administration, life and sightseeing.

The administrative district centered on Renshou Hall is the place where Empress Dowager Cixi and Emperor Guangxu sat in the hall to listen to politics and meet foreign guests. Behind Renshou Hall are three large quadrangles: Leshou Hall, Yulantang and Yiyuntang, where Cixi, Guangxu and Empress Dowager lived. Deheyuan Theater on the east side of Yiyun Pavilion is one of the three major theaters in Qing Dynasty.

Seen from the wisdom sea at the top of Wanshou Mountain, the Summer Palace consists of Buddha Pavilion, Dehui Hall, Paiyun Hall, Paiyun Gate and Yunhui Yuyufang, forming a distinct central axis. At the foot of the mountain is a "corridor" more than 700 meters long. There are more than 8,000 colorful paintings on the corridor, which is called "the first corridor in the world". In front of the promenade is Kunming Lake. The west dike of Kunming Lake is modeled after the Su Causeway of the West Lake.

The back hill of Wanshou Mountain and the back lake are towering with ancient trees, including Tibetan temples and Suzhou Creek Ancient Business Street. At the eastern end of Houhu Lake, there is a humorous garden built in imitation of Wuxi Jichang Garden, which is small and exquisite and is called "the garden in the garden".

Second, the collection of cultural relics

During his stay in Qingyi Garden, Emperor Qianlong collected a large number of literary works, including Shang and Zhou bronzes, Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming porcelain jade articles, calligraphy and painting, etc. At that time, more than 40,000 pieces of furniture were recorded, and the Qing internal affairs office specially set up a furniture inventory for filing management.

After the Opium War, due to the decline of the national strength of the Qing Dynasty, the furnishings of Qingyi Garden were abolished. By the fifth year of Xianfeng (1855), there were still 37,583 furnishings. In the tenth year of Xianfeng (1860), five large royal gardens in the northwest suburb of Beijing, including Qingyi Garden, were savagely burned and looted by the British and French allied forces. According to the inventory after looting by the British and French allied forces, there are only 530 pieces of furnishings in Qingyi Garden, and many of them are broken.

/kloc-in 0/900, Eight-Nation Alliance invaded Beijing, and the Summer Palace was destroyed again, and the cultural relics in the park were destroyed and looted. 1902, Cixi restored the Summer Palace again, greatly enriching the furnishings.

After the founding of New China, the Summer Palace has more than 40,000 cultural relics, including bronzes, jades, porcelains, woodwork, lacquerware, calligraphy and painting, ancient books, enamels, clocks, bamboo wares, musical instruments, root carvings and miscellaneous items. It covers almost all categories of cultural relics handed down in China, and there are many foreign cultural relics; In terms of value, there are more than 20,000 pieces of national first-class cultural relics, including Ding Bai, the son of Guo Xuan, the Three Sacrifices, and the long-axis Buddha statue of reeling.

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