What the economic characteristics of Southeast Asian countries tell us

The Philippines - became independent in 1946; after 1950, the government began to restrict the import of consumer goods, foreign exchange control, and encourage the development of industries to replace imported goods; in the late 1960s, it adopted a policy of economic liberalization and actively attracted foreign investment, and the economy has achieved certain results; in 1982, it was classified by the World Bank as a "middle-income country". The Philippines has a more developed foreign-industry. Vietnam - independence in 1945; proclaimed national unification in 1976; reform and opening up in 1986; the Mekong Delta in the south is a famous rice-producing area, from the point of view of Vietnam's exports, most of them are agricultural products and primary products, belonging to the underdeveloped agricultural country． Lao PDR - became independent in 1945; the Lao People's Democratic **** and State was established in 1975; the economy is mainly based on agriculture, with a weak industrial base; since 1988, it has been pursuing the line of innovation and opening up, restructuring the economy internally and opening up to the outside world. Cambodia - a backward agricultural country; since 1998, it has made economic development and poverty eradication its top priority, and has already achieved certain results. Thailand is a typical agricultural country; since 1961, it has implemented the five-year plan for national economic and social development; it has implemented the liberal economic policy, expanded exports, introduced foreign investment, changed the single economic structure, and its economy has developed rapidly and gradually transformed itself into a newly industrialized country. In 1995, the per capita income had exceeded US$2,500; in 1997, a serious financial and economic crisis broke out; in the second half of 1999, the economy began to recover; since 1991, liberalization of the automobile industry has been implemented, and the development has been rapid; Thailand is the world's top exporter of rice, rubber producer and exporter, and the third largest seafood producer after Japan and China. Myanmar became independent in 1948; it was listed as one of the least developed countries by the United Nations in 1987; in 1989, it adopted a market economy and opened up to the outside world gradually, and its economic development has increased; in recent years, the private sector has developed rapidly; after 1997, due to the financial crisis in Southeast Asia and other factors, the economy has encountered difficulties. After 1997, due to the financial crisis in Southeast Asia and other factors, the economy has encountered difficulties. Myanmar is rich in mineral resources, forests and hydropower; it is famous for its precious stones and jade; it is also the largest exporter of teak in the world. Malaysia became independent in 1957; Malaysia was formed by Malaya, Singapore, Sarawak and Sabah in 1963; Singapore was launched in 1965; rich in natural resources; the government encourages the development of processing industries based on domestic raw materials, focusing on electronics, automobile assembly, iron and steel, etc., and the mining industry is based on tin, oil and natural gas exploitation, and the agriculture industry is based on economic activities such as banana, rubber, cocoa and tropical fruits. Indonesia - independence in 1945; since 1968, vigorously restructuring the economy and product structure; in 1997, hit hard by the financial crisis in Southeast Asia; the main direction of industrial development for the externally-oriented manufacturing industry; foreign trade plays an important role in the national economy. Singapore - established in 1965 *** and the country; after the founding of the country, in maintaining the original to re-export trade, processing exports, shipping and other economic characteristics of the main at the same time, to the development of manufacturing and service industries to establish a more reasonable economic structure. Manufacturing development is extremely significant, is second only to Houston and Rotterdam, the world's third largest oil refining center; services to economic growth contributes to the larger; all food imports; foreign trade is one of the important pillars of the national economy; Singapore's five pillars of the economy: transport, trade, finance, manufacturing and tourism. Brunei - the mainstay of its economy is the extraction of oil and natural gas; after independence, it has actively pursued a policy of economic diversification; its main exports: crude oil, petroleum products and liquefied natural gas. Timor-Leste - established in 2002 as a democratic ****State; economically backward, poor infrastructure, some areas are still in a state of natural economy, agriculture is the mainstay of the national economy