Architecture Course Terminology Explain the following terms 1. contour distance; 2. relative elevation; 3. level; 4. surveying; 5. scale accuracy.

Contour distance - the difference in elevation between two adjacent contour lines on a topographic map.

The size of the contour distance depends on the size of the map scale. Large-scale maps, the degree of reduction is small, the landscape representation is detailed, the contour interval can be very small; while in small-scale maps, the landscape representation is rough, the contour interval must be increased. On the other hand, although the scale of the map is the same, the size of the contour distance can be different standards depending on the content of the map and the topography of the ups and downs of the situation.

In localized areas, it is sometimes necessary to assume an elevation plane, and the vertical distance from a point on the ground to this plane is called the relative elevation.

Level:

shuǐ pínɡ miàn

1. The plane formed by perfectly still water. It also refers to the surface parallel to this plane.

horizontal plane also known as transverse plane: perpendicular to the vertical axis, dividing the body into

upper and lower sections.

Definition of Surveying

Definition:

Surveying is the study of the science and technology of collecting, processing, managing, updating, and utilizing information about the geospatial distribution of the Earth as a whole, its surface, and various natural and man-made objects in outer space.

Its main tasks are threefold:

First, the study of determining the shape and size of the Earth, to provide the necessary data and information for earth sciences;

Second, the surface of the Earth's physical features into a map;

Third, the results of the design of the drawings are measured to the field.

Geodesy

is the study and determination of the shape of the Earth, size, gravity field, overall and local movements and geometric position of points on the surface of the Earth, as well as their variations in the theory and technology of the discipline. Its basic task is to establish a national geodetic control network, determine the shape, size and gravity field of the Earth, for topographic mapping and a variety of engineering surveys to provide the basic starting data; for space science, military science and the study of crustal deformation, seismic forecasting and other important information. According to the different means of measurement, geodesy is divided into conventional geodesy, satellite geodesy and physical geodesy.

Map cartography (Cartography)

is the study of analog and digital map of the basic theory, design, compilation, reproduction of technology, methods and applications of the discipline. Its basic task is to use a variety of surveying results to prepare all kinds of maps, and its content generally includes map projection, map preparation, map finishing and map printing and other branches.

Photogrammetry and remote sensing

(Photogrammetry and remote sensing)

is the study of the use of electromagnetic wave sensors to obtain the image data of the target, from which to extract the semantic and non-semantic information, and graphs, images, and digital forms of expression of the discipline. Its basic task is to process, measure and interpret photographic or remote sensing images in order to determine the shape, size and location of the object and then produce a map. According to the way of obtaining images and remote sensing distance, this discipline is divided into ground photogrammetry, aerial photogrammetry and aerospace remote sensing measurements.

Engineering surveying

Definition 1: Engineering surveying is the study of various projects in the planning and design, construction and operation of the management stage of the various surveying work carried out by the discipline.

The projects include: industrial construction, railroads, highways, bridges, tunnels, water conservancy projects, underground engineering, pipelines (power lines, oil pipelines) engineering, mining and urban construction. General engineering construction is divided into three stages of planning and design, construction and operation management. Engineering surveying is the study of these three phases of the various surveying work.

Definition 2: Engineering Surveying mainly studies in engineering, industrial and urban construction and resource development in all phases of topography and related information collection and processing, construction sampling, equipment installation, deformation monitoring and analysis and forecasting of the theory, methodology and technology, as well as the study of the management and use of surveying and engineering-related information, it is the surveying and mapping science in the national economy and national defense construction. It is the direct application of surveying and mapping in national economy and national defense construction.

Definition 3: engineering surveying is the study of geospatial (including the ground, underground, underwater, air) in the measurement of concrete geometric entities depicted and abstract geometric entities measured to achieve the theory, methods and technology of an applied discipline. It mainly focuses on construction projects, machines and equipment as the object of research and service.

Measuring Instrumentation

The study of the manufacture, improvement and innovation of measuring instruments.

Topographic Surveying

It is the study of the theory, method and technology of how to map the features, landforms and other related information on a localized area of the earth's surface into a topographic map. According to the different ways of mapping topographic mapping can be divided into analog mapping and digital mapping.

Scale accuracy

The main factor in determining the scale of the mapping is the map needs to represent the smallest feature is how big; the point of the plane position or the distance between the two points to be accurate to what extent, so you need to know the scale of accuracy, usually the human eye can distinguish between the two points of the smallest distance is 0.1mm, therefore, the topographic map of the field level distance represented by the 0.1mm called Scale accuracy.