Traditional festival educational films

/news/lvyoubaodian/2005 _ 8 _ 24 _ 14 _ 28 _ 5346 19 . htm

65438+ 10 New Year's Day

"Yuan" has the meaning of beginning, "Dan" refers to the time of dawn and also refers to a day. New Year's Day is the first day of the year.

The month and date of New Year's Day in China are inconsistent. Xia Dynasty is the first day of the first month, Shang Dynasty is the first day of December, and Zhou Dynasty is the first day of November. After Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, the first day of October was New Year's Day, and it has not changed since then (Historical Records). In the first year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Sima Qian founded the "taichu calendar", and once again took the first day of the first month as New Year's Day, just like the provisions of the Xia Dynasty, so it was also called "Li Xia", which was used until the Revolution of 1911. After the founding of the Republic of China, Sun Yat-sen followed the farming season in order to "do well in summer"; From the Gregorian calendar, so statistics ",the first day of the first month (the first day of the New Year) is designated as the Spring Festival, and the Gregorian calendar 1 is the New Year. 1 On September 27th, 949, the first plenary session of China People's Political Consultative Conference passed the Law on the Chronology of the AD, which named the first day of the first lunar month "Spring Festival" and the Gregorian calendar1"New Year's Day".

February Valentine's Day

Valentine's Day, also known as Saint Valentine's Day. Originated in ancient Rome, it is held every February 14, and now it has become a favorite festival for young people in Europe and America. The origin of the name "St. Valentine's Day" is to commemorate a Christian martyr named Valentine, who was arrested and imprisoned for resisting the persecution of Christians by Roman rulers and was sentenced to death on February 14, 270 AD. Before the execution, Valentine wrote a letter to the warden's daughter, indicating his open-minded attitude and feelings for her. Since then, Christianity has designated February 14 as "Valentine's Day".

March International Women's Day

1On March 8th, 903, women workers in Chicago, USA held a general strike and demonstration in order to oppose bourgeois oppression, exploitation and discrimination and strive for freedom and equality. This struggle has won the support and enthusiastic response of American working women. 19 10, advanced women from some countries held the second international socialist women's conference in Copenhagen, Denmark. At the suggestion of Tsetkin, a German socialist revolutionary who presided over the meeting, the General Assembly designated March 8 every year as International Women's Day to strengthen the unity of working women in the world and support women's struggle for freedom and equality. The United Nations celebrated International Women's Day from 1975. Since then, March 8 has become a great festival for working women all over the world to strive for peace, women's and children's rights and women's liberation.

April International April Fool's Day

April 1 day is April Fool's Day every year, which is a traditional folk festival in the West and the United States. April Fool's Day originated in France. 1564, France adopted the newly reformed calendar-Gregorian calendar (the current universal solar calendar) for the first time, with 65438+ 10/as the beginning of the year. However, some old-fashioned people oppose this reform and still stubbornly celebrate the New Year by giving gifts on April 1 day according to the old calendar. Advocates of reform laugh at these old-fashioned practices.

Smart and funny people gave them fake gifts in April 1 and invited them to a fake wine party. And called the deceived conservatives "April fools" or "hooked fish". From then on, people fooled each other on April 1 day, which became a popular custom in France. /kloc-At the beginning of the 8th century, the custom of April Fool's Day spread to Britain, and was later brought to the United States by early British immigrants.

Qingming Festival

"Fifteen days after the vernal equinox, the bucket refers to Ding, which is used for Qingming. When everything is clean and bright, everything is clean and bright when it is covered, hence the name." Among the 24 solar terms in a year, people pay special attention to Tomb-Sweeping Day on April 5th.

The custom of sweeping graves and offering sacrifices in Tomb-Sweeping Day was inherited from the Han Dynasty. After that, the popularity of the people lasted for two thousand years. On this day, filial children and grandchildren of every family will go to the suburbs to worship their ancestral graves, cut graves, add soil to the graves, and clean them up. In modern times, filial sons and grandsons may not necessarily observe Tomb-Sweeping Day's visit to Tomb-Sweeping Day on this day. Some will pay homage a few days before the festival, and some will pay homage a few days after the festival, but generally speaking, it is just Tomb-Sweeping Day's grave-sweeping.

May international labor day

May Day International Labor Day, also known as "May Day", falls on May 1 day every year. It is the same festival for the proletariat and working people all over the world.

May Day International Labor Day originated from the workers' strike in Chicago, USA. On May 1886, 1 day, more than 0.6 million workers in Chicago went on strike to implement the eight-hour working system. After a hard and bloody struggle, they finally won. In order to commemorate this great workers' movement, in July 1889, the Second International announced that May 1 day every year would be designated as International Labor Day. This decision immediately received a positive response from workers all over the world. On May 1890 and 1 Sunday, the European and American working classes took the lead in taking to the streets, holding grand demonstrations and assemblies to fight for their legitimate rights and interests. From then on, working people from all over the world will gather, March and celebrate on this day.

Mother's Day

Mother's Day originated in Greece, and the ancient Greeks paid tribute to Hera, the mother of the gods in Greek mythology. /kloc-In the middle of the 0/7th century, Mother's Day spread to Britain, and the British took the fourth Sunday of fasting as Mother's Day. On this day, young people who go out will go home and bring some small gifts to their mothers.

Mother's Day in the modern sense originated in America and was initiated by Ammann and Jarvis (1864- 1948). She has never been married and has been living with her mother. /kloc-in the 0/905th century, Amum was heartbroken when his mother died. Two years later (1907), Amam and her friends began to write letters to influential ministers, businessmen and parliamentarians for support, thus making Mother's Day a legal holiday. Amam believes that children often ignore their feelings for their mothers. She hopes that mothers can save energy and make people think more about what their mothers have done for their families.

The first Mother's Day was held in West Virginia and Pennsylvania on May 1908. In this festival, carnation is chosen as a flower dedicated to mother and passed down from generation to generation.

19 13, the us congress passed a bill to designate the second Sunday in may as the legal mother's day. Mother's Day has spread since then!

June International Children's Day

1925 In August, representatives from 54 countries gathered in Geneva, Switzerland, to hold the "International Conference on Children's Happiness" and issued a declaration on caring for children and ensuring their welfare. Representatives of countries concerned about children put forward suggestions on how to help poor children, avoid letting them engage in dangerous jobs and how to raise them. After the congress, governments all over the world successively established Children's Day.

1In June, 942, German fascists shot and killed1more than 40 male citizens and all babies over the age of 0/6 in Tekeli Dice Village. In order to mourn the children who died in the war in the village of Litice and other parts of the world, to oppose the abuse and poisoning of children and to protect their rights, 1949, 165438 10, the International Democratic Women's Federation officially decided in Moscow that June 1 2008 would be a festival for children all over the world, that is, "International Children's Day".

After the founding of New China, the Government Council of the Central People's Government made a decision on February 23rd, 1949, 19, stipulating June 1 day as the Children's Day of New China, and at the same time announcing the abolition of April 4th, which was implemented by the old Kuomintang government in China since June 193 1 day.

Father's Day

The first person who suggested setting Father's Day was Mrs. Bruce Dodd in Washington. Mrs. Dodd's mother died very early, and her father took on the heavy responsibility of raising and educating children alone. 1909, Mrs. Dodd is grateful for his father's upbringing and is going to hold a celebration for him. At the same time, thinking of all fathers' contributions to family and society, she wrote to a local clergy association and suggested that the third Sunday in June be designated as Father's Day. The association submitted the proposal to its members for discussion and was approved.

19 10 In June, people celebrated the first Father's Day here. At that time, everyone whose father died wore a white rose, while those whose father was alive wore a red rose. This custom has been passed down to this day. But in the beginning, the date of Father's Day was different. In some places, dandelions were used as symbols of Father's Day, while in others, white lilacs lined with a green leaf were used as symbols of Father's Day. It was not until June 1934 that the third Sunday in June was designated as Father's Day by the United States Congress.

China Teachers' Day in September.

Teachers are called "gardeners" and "engineers of human souls", and they are a profession respected by the whole society.

1985 65438+1October 2 1 The Ninth Session of the Sixth the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) decided to take September 10 as Teacher's Day every year. Teacher's Day is scheduled for September 10. Considering the new school year, the school should have a new atmosphere and teachers and students should have new feelings. Freshmen entering Iraq begin to respect teachers and attach importance to teaching, which can create a good atmosphere for teachers and students to study hard. At the same time, there are few national festivals in September, which is convenient for all parties to concentrate on organizing activities, highlighting publicity and reporting, and promoting the formation of a good social trend of respecting teachers, attaching importance to education, respecting knowledge and respecting talents throughout the country.

10 National Day

65438+1 October1is the national day of China. Why is this day designated as National Day? After 100 years of heroic struggle, the people of China won the great victory of the people's revolution under the leadership of the China * * * Production Party. 1949, 10, 1 declared the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), which was the biggest change in the history of China. 1 At the first meeting of the CPPCC in September, 949, it was decided to designate 65438+ 10/day as the National Day.

65438 Christmas+February

Christmas is an important festival in Christianity. It is scheduled to commemorate the birth of Jesus Christ at 65438+ on February 25th every year. It is also a common secular festival. The festival commemorating the birth of Jesus coincides with two non-Christian festivals, namely, the Agricultural Festival and the Sun Festival, both of which are in the middle of winter, so the sources of celebration customs are different. Within the scope of the Roman Empire, Saturnalia on February 17, 2007 was a day of entertainment and gift exchange. 65438+February 25th is the birthday of mitra, the god of justice worshipped by ancient Iranians. On New Year's Day, the ancient Romans decorated their houses with green branches and colored lights, and gave presents to children and the poor. Teutonic tribes infiltrated Gaul, Britain and Central Europe, bringing Germanic and Celtic religious ceremonies. Therefore, there are celebrations, such as reunion, burning large pieces of firewood, tasting big wooden cakes, hanging branches, visiting relatives and friends, and exchanging gifts. Fire and light, which symbolize warmth and longevity, have always been the content of winter festivals celebrated in Christian and non-Christian customs. Evergreen trees symbolize the struggle for survival and have been associated with the celebration of Jesus Christmas since the Middle Ages. Due to the different calendars, the Christmas date of the Orthodox Church and other Eastern European churches is equivalent to the Gregorian calendar 65438+1October 6 or 7.

Westerners use red, green and white as Christmas colors. When Christmas comes, every family should decorate it with Christmas colors. The red ones have Christmas flowers and Christmas candles. The green one is the Christmas tree. It is the main decoration of Christmas, decorated with evergreen trees such as fir and cypress that have been cut into towers. Colorful lanterns, gifts and paper flowers are hung on it, and Christmas candles are lit.

The contrast between red and white is Santa Claus, who is the most popular figure in Christmas activities. Before going to bed on Christmas Eve, western children should put a sock in front of the fireplace or beside the pillow. When they fall asleep, Santa Claus will put presents in the sock. Playing Santa Claus is also a custom in the west.

the Spring Festival; Chinese New Year

Spring Festival is a traditional festival for people of all ethnic groups in China. /kloc-More than 0/00 years ago, the folk artist Bai wrote in his music book: "In the first month, every family celebrates the New Year, the Lantern Festival lights up, the full moon is full, flower boxes are everywhere, and firecrackers are everywhere, making people parade." This is a vivid portrayal of the first Spring Festival in history.

According to legend, this festival was held during the Yao and Shun period in China. There are also records about the Spring Festival in Oracle bone inscriptions in Shang Dynasty, and there is a custom of celebrating the Spring Festival at the beginning of the year. However, the calendar at that time was based on "observing time", and it is still difficult to determine whether it is accurate. By 65438 BC+004 BC, the first year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the people of China had created the "taichu calendar", which clearly defined the first month of the lunar calendar as the beginning of a year. Since then, the custom of the Lunar New Year has spread for more than two thousand years. It was not until the founding of New China that this festival was changed to Spring Festival.

the Lantern Festival

The 15th day of the first lunar month is the traditional Lantern Festival in China. The first month is January, and the ancients called the night "Xiao". The fifteenth day is the first full moon night in a year, so the fifteenth day of the first month is called the Lantern Festival. Also known as "Shangyuan Festival". According to the folk tradition in China, the moon is high in the sky and there are 10,000 lanterns on the ground on the festival night of Spring Festival, so people can watch lanterns, solve riddles on the lanterns, eat Yuanxiao and have family reunion.

Lantern Festival originated in the Han Dynasty, and it is said that it was set up to commemorate Pinglu during the reign of Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty. After the death of Emperor Liu Ying of the Han Dynasty, Lv Hou usurped power, and the Lushi family dominated the state affairs. After Lv Hou's death, Zhou Bo, Chen Ping and others eliminated the influence of Lv Hou and established Liu Heng as the emperor of China. Because the day to calm Zhu Lu is the fifteenth day of the first month, after that, every year on the fifteenth night of the first month, Wendi will go out of the palace in disguise and have fun with the people as a souvenir. The fifteenth day of the first month is designated as the Lantern Festival. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the sacrificial activities of "Taiyi God" were held on the 15th day of the first month. Sima Qian listed the Lantern Festival as a major festival in taichu calendar law.

Dragon Head Festival

According to folklore, every second day of the second lunar month is the day when the Dragon King, who is in charge of heavenly sexuality, looks up. After that, the rain will gradually increase. Therefore, this day is called "Spring Festival". It is widely circulated in northern China that "on February 2, the dragon looked up; The big warehouse is full and the small warehouse flows. " Folk proverbs.

Whenever the Spring Festival comes, in most parts of northern China, every family carries lanterns to fetch water from wells or rivers in the morning, and when they get home, they light a fire, burn incense and offer offerings. In ancient times, people called this ceremony "attracting dragons". On this day, every household will eat noodles, fried oil cakes and popcorn, which are compared with "picking the dragon's head", "eating gentian", "golden beans bloom, the dragon king ascends to heaven, the clouds are raining, and the grains are abundant" to show good luck.

Dragon Boat Festival

Dragon Boat Festival is an ancient traditional festival in China. On the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, people will hold dragon boat races on rivers, lakes and oceans, eat zongzi, wear sachets, have an outing and collect mugwort. These activities have become an eternal custom, which has continued since ancient times.

When it comes to the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival, people will first think of the patriotic poet Qu Yuan. According to legend, during the Warring States Period, King Xiang of Chu favored traitors and was dismissed from his post and exiled for being outspoken. Qin took the opportunity to attack Chu, and the territory of Chu was destroyed. Seeing the destruction of the country and the displacement of the people, Qu Yuan was determined to serve the country and was powerless to return to heaven. In a rage, Qu Yuan threw himself into Luojiang with a boulder. When the local people heard that Qu Yuan had jumped into the river, they came to the rescue. They chased down the river to Dongting Lake, but they didn't find Qu Yuan's body. The sight of a boat swimming around the lake is spectacular. This day is the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. Later, on this day, people will race dragon boats on the river to commemorate Qu Yuan. People also throw zongzi into the water just to feed ichthyosaurs, shrimps and crabs to prevent Qu Yuan's body from being swallowed.

Qixi Valentine's Day

Valentine's Day in China, also known as Begging for Clevership Festival, is the most romantic festival among the traditional festivals in China. According to legend, the night of the seventh day of the seventh lunar month every year is the time when "Weaver Girl" and "Cowherd" meet in the sky. "Weaver Girl" is a beautiful, intelligent and ingenious fairy. That night, ordinary women begged her for wisdom and skills, and also prayed to her for a happy marriage.

Ghosts'Festival

Every year, the fifteenth day of the seventh lunar month is called "Orchid Festival", also called "Mid-Autumn Festival". In some places, it is also called "Ghost Festival" and "Stone Drum". Originally a Buddhist ceremony in India, Buddhists held "bonsai" to recommend their ancestors. The Orchid Sutra, a Buddhist scripture, aims to cultivate filial piety and inspire Buddhist disciples. It is in line with the popular belief in China that seeking before going far and mourning is greater than dying, so it is becoming more and more popular. The story of Manglietia Manglietia saving Mu Er is widely circulated among the people:

"A lotus monk, powerful. His mother fell into the hungry ghost road, and the food mouth turned into flames. Hunger was too bitter. Unable to save his mother, Mu Lian asked the Buddha for advice. In order to talk about the Lanpen Sutra, she taught July 15th to make a Lanpen to save her mother. "

Mid-Autumn Festival

The 15th day of the eighth lunar month is the traditional Mid-Autumn Festival in China and the second largest traditional festival in China after the Spring Festival. Also known as Mid-Autumn Festival, Reunion Festival and August Festival. It is a traditional festival of Han nationality and most ethnic minorities in China, and it is also popular in neighboring countries such as Korea, Japan and Vietnam. Because autumn (referring to the lunar calendar) is in July, August and September, August is in the middle of the year, and August 30th is in the middle of the year, it is called Mid-Autumn Festival. So there are more people in the sky than family reunion at night, so it is also called reunion festival.

The Mid-Autumn Festival originated from the story of the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon. According to historical records: "Yesterday, Chang 'e took the medicine of the Queen Mother of the West to live forever, so she went to the moon with the essence of the moon. "Chang 'e paid hard labor for this move, and she can't return to the world for life. Li Bai was very sad for this, and wrote a poem: "The white rabbit pounded medicine in autumn, and came back to life in spring. Who is the female neighbor? " Although Chang 'e herself feels good about the Moon Palace, she can't bear loneliness. She returns to Earth to reunite with her husband all night on August 15 every year, but she must return to the Moon Palace before dawn. After the Mid-Autumn Festival, the world not only wants to get together with Chang 'e on the moon, but also hopes that Chang 'e can come down to see her beauty. Therefore, when many people burn incense in Yue Bai, they pray that "men want to go to themoon early and climb the fairy laurel;" Women want to look like Chang 'e and round like the bright moon. "Year after year, people celebrate this day as a festival.

Double Ninth Festival

Double Ninth Festival is also called Double Ninth Festival, September 9th, Rongyu Festival and Chrysanthemum Festival. Double Ninth Festival is an ancient celebration custom. In the Tang Dynasty, Chongyang was officially designated as a festival. In the Tang Dynasty, people had the custom of climbing mountains and inserting dogwood on the Double Ninth Festival.

The origin of the Double Ninth Festival can be traced back to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Qu Yuan once wrote in "Travel Far": "Gather the people of Chongyang to celebrate the Emperor's Palace". In the Han Dynasty, the custom of Chongyang gradually became popular among the people. It is said that after killing Ai Feiwei, the wife of Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang, Jia, the maid-in-waiting of Lady Qi, was also expelled from the palace and married the poor. Legend has it: In the palace, on September 9th every year, people wear dogwood, eat lotus bait and drink chrysanthemum wine to live longer. As a result, the custom of Chongyang spread from the court to the people and gradually became popular.

Laba Festival

The most important festival in the twelfth lunar month is the eighth day of December, which was called "La Ri" in ancient times and commonly known as "Laba Festival". Since the pre-Qin period, Laba Festival has been used to worship ancestors and gods and pray for good harvest and good luck. It is said that Sakyamuni, the founder of Buddhism, realized enlightenment on the eighth day of December, so Laba is also a Buddhist festival, called "Buddhist Enlightenment Festival".

Laba has the custom of eating Laba porridge on this day. Laba porridge is also called "Qibao Wuwei porridge". China has a history of drinking Laba porridge for 1000 years. It first started in the Song Dynasty. On the day of Laba, whether it is the imperial court, the government, temples, or the people's homes, Laba porridge will be cooked. In the Qing Dynasty, the custom of drinking Laba porridge became more popular. At court, emperors, queens and princes give laba porridge to civil and military ministers and attendants, and distribute rice and fruit to monasteries for monks to eat. In the folk, every household should also make laba porridge to worship their ancestors; At the same time, family members get together for dinner and give gifts to relatives and friends.

Little new year

The 23rd day of the twelfth lunar month, also called "off-year", is the day when people worship the kitchen.

It is said that every year on the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month, Kitchen God will tell the Jade Emperor about the good and evil of this family and let the Jade Emperor reward and punish them. Therefore, when sending stoves, people put candy, water, beans and grass on the console table in front of the kitchen god statue; Among them, the last three are the mounts of the kitchen god ascending to heaven. When offering sacrifices to the stove, you should melt the Guandong sugar with fire and put it on the mouth of the kitchen god. In this way, he can't speak ill of the jade emperor There is a folk custom that "men don't Yue Bai, women don't offer sacrifices to stoves", so the owner of offering sacrifices to stoves is limited to men.

In addition, on New Year's Eve, the Kitchen God will bring the gods to the world for the New Year, and there will be ceremonies of "receiving the kitchen" and "receiving the gods" on that day. Every family burns sedan chairs and horses, sprinkles three glasses of wine, and sends away the kitchen god, so it's their turn to worship their ancestors.