What health preserving cultures were there in ancient times?

China has a long history, accumulated extensive and profound health theory and practice, and formed a unique China health culture in the world. Huangdi Neijing is the first classic of health-preserving culture in ancient China, and other ancient books also extensively involve different health-preserving viewpoints and theories. 1. Huangdi Neijing: a classic of ancient health culture.

Huangdi Neijing is the earliest existing medical literature in China. The systematic structure of the theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine is comprehensively expounded, which reflects the theoretical principles and academic thoughts of traditional Chinese medicine and lays the foundation for the development of traditional Chinese medicine. Huangdi Neijing is not only a great medical masterpiece, but also a wonderful book on health preservation and rehabilitation. Because it comprehensively reflects and summarizes the achievements of health care and rehabilitation before Qin and Han dynasties, it comprehensively and systematically discusses the relevant theories, principles and methods of health care and rehabilitation of traditional Chinese medicine, thus laying the theoretical foundation of health care and rehabilitation in China and is a must-read for learning health care and rehabilitation of traditional Chinese medicine.

Huangdi Neijing is a compilation of papers of various physicians since the Warring States, Qin and Han Dynasties, which was compiled into a book in the Western Han Dynasty. But after editing, it still increased until the Tang Dynasty. Therefore, the book Neijing was not written by one person, nor was it a medical achievement of an era or a place, but a collection of experiences of various physicians in a long historical period. The so-called Huangdi Neijing is just an excuse.

The idea of keeping in good health elaborated in Huangdi Neijing is as follows:

First, correctly answered "What is the origin of life". Huangdi Neijing holds that life is closely related to nature, such as Su Wen. In Bao Ming's Theory of Holography, it is pointed out that "heaven and earth are in harmony, and life is called man"; "Lingshu Ben Shen Pian" also said: "Virtue flows but gas is thin, while life", that is, the essence of yin and yang in nature is the source of life, which is in line with reality.

Second, it is believed that the fundamental point of health care and rehabilitation lies in "conforming to nature". Huangdi Neijing regards man and nature as a whole, and all kinds of changes in nature will affect human life activities, that is, if the sky changes, people will react accordingly. Therefore, it is emphasized to adapt to natural changes and avoid foreign invasion. For example, Lingshu Ben Shen Pian pointed out that "four seasons should be cold and summer", while Su Wen's four-tone theology put forward the principle of "nourishing yang in spring and summer and nourishing yin in autumn and winter". Su Wen's "On Ancient Innocence" also clearly pointed out that "deficiency and evil can steal wind, so that it is sometimes avoided", thus opening a precedent for Chinese medicine to prevent diseases and preserve health.

Thirdly, the development law of life is clearly expounded. Huangdi Neijing has a unique observation and scientific summary of the life law of the human body, which not only pays attention to the changes of age, but also pays attention to the physiological differences between men and women. For example, Su Wen's ancient naivety theory, male is 8 years old, female is 7 years old, and spiritual life is 65438+.

Fourth, the understanding of aging is correct. Huangdi Neijing discusses the changing process and manifestations of aging in detail, and points out that improper adjustment of emotion, daily life, diet, indulgence and overwork is an important reason for premature aging, and puts forward that "law is based on yin and yang, harmony is the most important thing, diet is moderate, and daily life is regular and effortless, so as to be in harmony with the spirit, live a peaceful life and live a hundred years."

According to the original text of Huangdi Neijing, the idea of health preservation includes the following contents:

(1) the way of keeping in good health and longevity

There are many factors that affect health and longevity, such as congenital inheritance, natural environment, socio-economic and technological development, medical level, nutritional status, personal occupation and so on. But it is also important to pay attention to the way of keeping in good health. Neijing raised the idea of "prevention before illness" to a strategic height, and pointed out that the key to anti-aging is to implement the correct way of health preservation. Disease is the enemy of health. However, Neijing holds that "healthy qi should be kept inside, and evil should not be done". So the purpose of health preservation is to cultivate healthy qi, enhance resistance, and not get sick or get sick less.

(2) Principles and methods of health preservation and rehabilitation.

Huangdi Neijing put forward many important principles and methods of health preservation and rehabilitation, which still effectively guide people's preventive health care and rehabilitation practice. Now described as follows:

① Coordinate Yin and Yang

Disease is the enemy of health, and the root of all diseases is the imbalance of yin and yang in Huangdi Neijing, so it is argued that treatment must be based on this, and this "foundation" is yin and yang. Therefore, if we want to get fewer and fewer diseases, we should pay attention to coordinating Yin and Yang, and earnestly achieve "legalizing Yin and Yang" to make up for its shortcomings and correct its partial victory. As the saying goes, "Yin and Yang are secret, and God is right; Yin and Yang are separated and refined. "

(2) to protect Yang Qi, Yin essence.

Maintaining Yang Qi and nourishing yin essence are important principles of TCM health preservation and rehabilitation. Everything depends on Yang for its birth and Yang for its death. Both human growth and aging are dominated by Yang: the generation of essence, blood and body fluid is transformed by Yang. Therefore, "yang is strong, longevity, yang is weak, and decline", and health care must raise yang. But people who are good at keeping in good health must cherish their essence. Because essence is full of energy, energy is full of spirit, and spirit is full of health.

3 conform to nature.

The ups and downs of Yin and Yang in nature affect the ups and downs of Qi of Yin and Yang in human body, and human body must adapt to the ups and downs of Yin and Yang in nature in order to maintain life activities. If we can't adapt to this change in nature, it will cause diseases and even endanger life. As Su Wen's Four Qi Tunes God said: "The four seasons of Yin and Yang are the end of all things and the foundation of life and death. On the contrary, it is a curse, and from it, it can't afford it. " Therefore, conforming to the law of yin and yang in nature is the basic principle of TCM health preservation and rehabilitation. In addition, Su Wen's theory of "four qi regulating the mind" also puts forward the concrete methods of "nourishing yang in spring and summer and nourishing yin in autumn and winter" in order to resist external invasion, prevent the occurrence of diseases, maintain the balance of yin and yang in the body and achieve the overall unity of man and nature.

(4) adjust the spirit

Paying attention to adjusting the spirit is one of the important conditions to promote human health and longevity. The activity of spiritual will is the embodiment of the activity of five zang-organs essence, but in turn, will can control the activity of one's own spirit and viscera to a certain extent, just like in Lingshu? This dirty chapter says: "Those who have the will resist the spirit, collect the soul, adapt to the cold and warm, and enjoy others." "Imperial", "closed", "comfortable" and "harmony" all have positive significance. Therefore, giving full play to people's will and paying attention to mental conditioning are not only the important principles of health preservation and disease prevention, but also the embodiment of the academic thought of endogenous origin in the theory of bringing students. The psychological will adjustment method has two specific contents, one is to cultivate the will, and the other is to flirt. The purpose of cultivating will is to strengthen the activity ability of viscera and qi and blood, and the purpose of reconciling emotions is to eliminate the mental factors that interfere with the activity of viscera and qi and blood. ⑤ Reasonable diet.

Huangdi Neijing attaches great importance to diet conditioning, believing that diet is the main source of human nutrition and the necessary condition for maintaining human life activities. Proper diet can not only maintain the normal function of human body, improve the disease resistance of human body, but also treat some diseases. Inadequate diet or improper diet can induce some diseases. Therefore, Su Wen's "Su Wen" put forward the method of "moderate diet" to maintain the source of spleen and stomach. Its contents include saving diet, avoiding partial eclipse and adapting to cold and warm conditions.

6. Have a regular life.

Regular daily life is regular daily life, mainly including sleep, work, sex life and so on. The ancients observed that the reason why the sun, the moon and the rivers can last for a long time is because "the sky is regular." If people want to live a long life, they must "rule the earth like the sun and the moon" (Su Wen Ancient Naivety), and keep a certain regularity in their daily life, so that they can be "inexhaustible". Therefore, there are four seasons in Su Wen's four-tone theory, and it is appropriate to sleep on your back in the morning and evening. There are three points in the book "Angry God": Pingdan, Sunday, noon and Sunday will work and rest at dusk. Modern biology also believes that there are many life rhythms in the human body, which control the physiological activities of the body. The method of "regular life" in Neijing is to make people obey these rhythms of life, arrange daily life and rest, keep the coordination and unity of physical and physiological functions and maintain long-term vitality.

(3) Discussion on development, aging and longevity.

"Being born, growing up, being strong, being old and being old" is the natural law of human life, which shows that human life has a certain limit. The so-called limit refers to the age that natural life can live, which is called "Tiannian" in traditional medicine. Su Wen's "The Theory of Ancient Naivety" has a record of "a hundred years old in the Spring and Autumn Period". Tang pointed out: "When you are 100 years old, you will be 120 years old." "Lingshu Tiannian" focuses on the problem of Tiannian, and puts forward that "people die when they live to be a hundred years old ... when they are a hundred years old." It also discusses in detail the changes of physiology, posture and temperament at various stages of human body from birth (10 ~ 100 years old), and holds that the life span of human body should generally be 100 years old, and the final stage of natural aging is after 100 years old. Huangdi Neijing holds that the main causes of premature aging are lack of discipline in daily life, insufficient mental adjustment, lack of exercise, and lack of attention to health preservation and disease prevention; It is pointed out that the essence of health and longevity lies in adapting to the weather, having both form and spirit, and storing essence and nourishing the spirit. These incisive expositions contain very scientific contents and have certain practical significance for us to study health and longevity today.