What tactics are legal in anti-corruption cases?

As long as there is no violation are reasonable!

Anti-corruption investigation work, the implementation of the new provisions of the Criminal Procedure Law on technical investigative measures, one of the urgent need to solve the problem is the "technical investigative measures" and "modern investigative techniques" distinction and standardized application.

I. The Necessity of Distinguishing between "Technical Investigation Measures" and "Modern Investigation Techniques"

As early as 2010, in order to solve the problems of depletion of sources of clues in anti-corruption cases, single means of investigation, and sole reliance on the suspect's confession to break through the cases, the Higher Prosecutor's Office of Anti-Corruption (HPC) has been working on a number of issues. In 2010, in order to solve the problem of the exhaustion of sources of investigation, single means of investigation, and relying solely on the confession of the suspect to break through the case, the General Bureau of Anti-Corruption of the Higher Prosecutor's Office carried out the construction of "informatization of investigation and modernization of equipment" (referred to as the "two-corruption construction").

In April 2011, the Higher Prosecutor's Office held an on-site meeting in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, to promote the successful experience of Jiangsu, Liaoning and other provinces in applying modern technology in anti-corruption investigations. Mr. Qiu Xueqiang, Deputy Prosecutor General, and Mr. Chen Lianfu, Specialized Commissioner, both made important speeches at the meeting. Since then, the General Bureau of Anti-Corruption has held exhibitions of modernized investigative equipment and product promotion seminars of modernized investigative equipment in Zhengzhou, Beijing and Lanzhou, etc., and has held two consecutive training courses on anti-corruption investigative technology and application of informatization for procuratorates nationwide in Xinxiang, Henan Province, to promote modern investigative technologies such as psychological testing technology, telephone bill analysis technology, data recovery technology, network technology, electronic data collection and application technology, and information and intelligence technology. investigation techniques.

The Higher Prosecutor's Office attaches such importance to modern investigative techniques, the reason for which is that the original confession-centered "supply → evidence" investigation mode of anti-corruption investigation has become increasingly difficult to cope with the new situation, and if it cannot make better use of modern investigative techniques, the work of anti-corruption investigation will be difficult to move forward.

Shortly thereafter, the Criminal Procedure Law added a new provision on "technical investigation measures", making it clear that "technical investigation measures shall be taken and handed over to the relevant authorities for implementation in accordance with the provisions". This new provision led to confusion among many procuratorial organs around the country about the various "modern investigation techniques" vigorously promoted by the Higher Prosecutor's Office in the "dual construction" and the "technical investigation measures" stipulated in the amended Criminal Procedure Law. There was confusion over the use of the "modern investigative techniques" with which the amended Criminal Procedure Law provides, and concerns arose over the use of the "modern investigative techniques" with which they had just begun to familiarize themselves. This is because, according to the amended Criminal Procedure Law, the procuratorial authorities' decision to take technical investigation measures shall be "handed over to the relevant authorities for implementation in accordance with the provisions", whereas the various modern investigation techniques that have already begun to be used in investigative practice are operated by anti-corruption investigators or technicians of procuratorial authorities, including the conduct of telephone bill analysis, data recovery, psychological testing and so on. Are the two in conflict? How to grasp the boundaries?

From the level of judicial practice, the distinction between "technical investigation measures" and "modern investigation techniques" has become one of the urgent problems in the current anti-corruption investigation work. In the words of the General Administration of Anti-Corruption, it is necessary to "clarify the boundaries between technical investigation and investigation technology", and to find out which investigation measures belong to "technical investigation measures" and need to be handed over to the relevant authorities for implementation in accordance with the regulations; which investigation measures belong to "modern investigation technology"? "Modern investigative techniques", can be implemented by the staff of the procuratorial organs in accordance with the law.

Second, how to distinguish between "technical investigative measures" and "modern investigative techniques"

Given that there is currently no law and judicial interpretation at the level of the entire investigation on the types of technical investigative measures to make a systematic, clear and specific definitions, and The degree of reliance on technical investigation means in anti-corruption investigation practice has been increasing year by year, therefore, it is necessary to start from practice, accumulate and find out the criteria for distinguishing between "technical investigation measures" and ordinary "modern investigation techniques", and constantly amend them in practice, so as to rise to the level of legal provisions to guide judicial practice. Provisions to guide judicial practice.

(I) Conceptual positioning of "technical investigative measures" and "modern investigative techniques"

Technical investigative measures" are legal concepts. In the legal provisions and investigative practice, technical investigation measures have long been expressed as "technical reconnaissance measures", commonly known as "technical investigation means". 1993 "national security law" and the 1995 "people's police law" on the technical reconnaissance measures have express provisions, but very general - the "state security law" and "people's police law". But very general - Article 10 of the State Security Law provides that: State security organs for the detection of endangering national security needs, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the State, after strict approval procedures, can take technical reconnaissance measures. Article 16 of the People's Police Law provides that public security organs may, in accordance with relevant State regulations and after strict authorization procedures, take technical reconnaissance measures because of the need to investigate crimes. As far as I know, the technical reconnaissance measures in detail only the Ministry of Public Security departmental rules and regulations, mainly "on the technical reconnaissance work", "criminal special investigative work rules", "microphone listening, electronic surveillance work rules", "technical investigations outside the line of work rules" and so on, but it is a top-secret shall not be disclosed to the public. More authoritative view that the technical reconnaissance measures refers to the national security organs and public security organs in order to investigate crimes and take special investigative measures, including electronic eavesdropping, telephone tapping, electronic surveillance, secret photography or video recording, covertly obtaining certain physical evidence, postal inspections, and other secret specialized technical means. [①Lang Sheng and Wang Shangxin, eds., Interpretation of the National Security Law of the People's Republic of China, Law Press, 1993 edition, p. 72; Lang Sheng, ed., Explanation of Practical Problems of the People's Police Law of the People's Republic of China, China Democracy and Legal System Press, 1995 edition, p. 80]. Beyond this, there are no more detailed provisions on social disclosure. Provisions on the use of technical investigation measures in anti-corruption investigations were first seen in the Circular on Issues Relating to Public Security Organs Assisting People's Procuratorates in the Use of Technical Investigation Means in Major Economic Cases, jointly promulgated by the Supreme People's Procuratorate and the Ministry of Public Security in 1989, which makes it clear that, in the course of investigating self-investigated cases, procuratorial authorities may, after strict approval, be assisted in the handling of cases of major embezzlement and bribery by public security organs, using technical investigation means. In 2012, the Criminal Procedure Law was amended, and the term "technical investigation measures" appeared in the legislation, formally replacing "technical investigation measures". In the revised Criminal Procedure Law, in the chapter entitled "Investigation", "Technical Investigation Measures" independently constitutes Section VIII,*** five articles (148-152), which respectively stipulate the object, time limit, approval, confidentiality and evidentiary effect of the application of technical investigation measures, but the provisions are still very principled. but the provisions are still very much in principle and not very operational. [Article 151 of the Criminal Procedure Law provides for investigation in disguise and controlled delivery].

"Modern investigative techniques" belongs to the concept of investigation. According to investigative science, investigative technology refers to the direct application of the relevant theoretical principles and research results of the natural sciences, technical sciences and social sciences in investigative activities, as well as the knowledge and principles of the relevant disciplines on the conduct of investigative activities to play a role in guiding, directing, planning and other aspects of the role of the mechanism of technology. Modern investigation technology is the investigating authorities in the process of case detection for the acquisition of case information, evidence and apprehend suspects and other investigative behavior of modern scientific and technological means used in general.

Conceptually, "modern investigative techniques" is a larger category, which includes "technical investigative measures", but also includes some ordinary modern investigative techniques. At present, the specific definition of technical investigative measures in the law and judicial interpretations is vague and undefined. It is this situation that makes it difficult to distinguish between technical investigative measures and ordinary modern investigative techniques. Specifically to anti-corruption investigation work, at present, the feasible way to distinguish between "technical investigative measures" and "modern investigative techniques" can only be to find a standard, the judicial practice of investigators with such a standard on a specific investigative measure is actually a "technical investigative measure". "Technical investigative measures" or "modern investigative techniques" to define and correctly apply.

(II) Distinguishing Criteria between "Technical Investigative Measures" and "Modern Investigative Techniques"

Combined with the experience of utilizing various scientific and technological means in the practice of anti-corruption investigation, the author believes that distinguishing between "Technical Investigative Measures" and "Modern Investigative Techniques" is the most important criterion for the investigation of corruption. The author believes that the criteria for distinguishing between "technical investigative measures" and "modern investigative techniques" is whether a certain investigative measure possesses the attributes of secrecy, technicality, immediacy, serious infringement and directness of proof at the same time. Investigative measures that simultaneously possess these five attributes are "technical investigative measures", while investigative measures that possess only some of these five attributes are "modern investigative techniques".

Taking the investigative measures taken against cellular phones as an example, the listening to cellular phone calls and the interception of cellular phone text messages belong to the technical investigative measures due to their combination of secrecy, technology, immediacy, serious infringement, and directness of proof. Because both of these techniques use special technology to secretly and instantly obtain the personal privacy of the subject of the investigation, they are serious violations of human rights. According to the revised criminal procedure law, in line with the legal procedures to obtain the call recording and cell phone text messages can be used as evidence, and call recording and cell phone text messages can often directly prove the facts of the crime, in the evidence attributes belong to direct evidence. In contrast, although cell phone positioning technology and phone bill analysis technology have secrecy and technology, but from the degree of violation of the human rights of the subject of investigation, the former only exposes the activities of the subject of investigation, and the latter only reflects the relative of the phone call, and does not directly and completely expose their personal privacy. Weighing the fight against crime and the protection of human rights, in the face of the social need to curb corruption, as a national public official, the moderate disclosure of his non-core personal information in the course of investigative activities shall not be an infringement of citizens' personal privacy by the investigating authorities in the ordinary sense of the term. In the face of the suspicion of guilt, the security of the non-core personal information of national public officials shall be yielded to the investigative requirements of moderate transparency of their personal life, so as to satisfy the supervision of the procuratorial authorities and the public on the legitimacy of the performance of their duties and the integrity of their personal life. In this sense, these two technologies do not have serious infringement. In addition, through the cell phone positioning technology embodied by the investigated object activity location and call list analysis technology embodied in the call relative information can not directly prove the facts of the crime, in terms of evidence attributes, belongs to the indirect evidence, does not have to prove the directness. Moreover, these two techniques belong to the aftermath of the evidence of the access, rather than the evidence of the immediate interception, does not have the immediacy.

From this example, it is not difficult to see, the same is the cell phone investigation measures, the cell phone call listening and cell phone text message interception technology because at the same time with the secrecy, technology, immediacy, serious infringement and proof of directness belongs to the "technical investigation measures"; and cell phone positioning technology and the word list analysis technology because only The mobile phone positioning technology and call slip analysis technology, which only possess secrecy and technology, but not immediacy, serious infringement and proof of directness, should belong to the "modern investigation technology". From this point of view, all modern technologies applied in anti-corruption investigations or even all investigative activities can be distinguished by this criterion. From the anti-corruption investigation practice, this is also in the law, judicial interpretation of technical investigation measures to make a clear definition of the more feasible method of distinction.

(3) In the practice of anti-corruption investigation, the specific contents of "technical investigation measures" and "modern investigation techniques"

1. Procuratorial investigation practice departments and procuratorial technology departments due to the application of technical investigation measures started late, there is no clear provisions of technical investigation measures and systematic classification, the work is mainly based on the public security organs or the technical investigation department of the classification of technical investigation means and regulations. However, due to the current public security organs of the technical investigation department on the categories of technical investigation means and the content of the provisions still belong to the top secret, so the author believes that the anti-corruption investigation work to grasp the basic principles should be: investigation means, at the same time with the secrecy, technology, immediacy, serious infringement of rights and prove the directness of the technical investigation measures should be regarded as technical investigation measures. In this sense, the technical investigation measures should include: microphone listening; landline, mobile phone phone listening, cell phone text message interception; fixed place hidden camera, secret shooting and recording; no trace of secret inspection and technology to unlock the place after the search; strict fulfillment of the legal process after the application of cell phones, computers and network hacking technology, etc..

2. Modern investigation techniques. Applied to anti-corruption investigation practice of modern technology, in addition to the above listed technical investigation measures, belonging to the modern investigation technology are: psychological testing technology, video surveillance technology, paperwork (including handwriting) inspection technology, network technology, electronic forensics and electronic data recovery technology, call sheet analysis technology, the whole synchronous audio and video recording technology, cell phone positioning technology, information intelligence technology. These technologies are not at the same time secret, technical, immediate, serious infringement and proof of directness, should be defined as modern investigative techniques.

Third, "technical investigative measures" and "modern investigative techniques" normative application

Anti-corruption investigation work, the "technical investigative measures" and "modern investigative techniques". The standardized application of "modern investigative techniques" has become the credits that all anti-corruption police officers must complete. This is not only related to the correct use of public power, to ensure that the investigation power is not abused, but also determines the future anti-corruption investigative activities in the investigation of the effectiveness of the investigation and the level of investigation to improve.

(I) Standardized Application of Technical Investigation Measures [As the specific provisions of the public security organs and national security organs on technical investigation measures are still top secret, this paper cannot categorize the technical investigation measures, discuss specifically how to standardize the application of each type of technical investigation measures, and even more so, it cannot cite actual combat cases to illustrate them. Therefore, it can only discuss the technical investigation measures as a general concept of its normative application in the practice of investigation of job-related crimes].

Technical investigation measures is a double-edged sword, the correct use can effectively combat and curb criminal activities, the improper use of the lawful rights and interests of citizens will cause serious infringement, the U.S. National Security Agency implementation of the "Prism" program is an example. The Rules of Criminal Procedure of the People's Procuratorates (for Trial Implementation) (hereinafter referred to as the Criminal Procedure Rules) promulgated by the Higher Procuratorate in October 2012 made further provisions on technical investigation measures (articles 263-267), and strict reliance on the revised Criminal Procedure Law and the Criminal Procedure Rules is a prerequisite for standardizing the application of technical investigation measures. However, in view of the fact that the provisions of the current laws and judicial interpretations on technical investigation measures are too general, while the demand for the application of technical investigation measures in judicial practice has become increasingly urgent, one of the ways to resolve this contradiction is to draw on relevant practices in previous investigation practices for details not specified in the laws and judicial interpretations, and at the same time refer to the corresponding international practices, to find a set of effective and specific operational procedures, which can then be elevated to the level of laws and regulations. Norms (for trial implementation) to guide judicial practice, and then amended and fixed after being tested.

Modified Criminal Procedure Law has been implemented for more than two years, the procuratorial anti-corruption departments in practice to grasp the application of technical investigative measures can be summarized in the following aspects:

1.Use of the principle. (1) the principle of approval. Article 148 of the amended Criminal Procedure Law and Article 263 of the Rules of Criminal Procedure stipulate that the use of technical investigative measures must be "subject to strict approval procedures". In investigative practice, each use of technical investigative measures must be submitted in writing to the Deputy Prosecutor General in charge of anti-corruption investigations for approval, forming an internal legal document setting out the scope, target, starting and ending times, types and other contents of technical investigations. (2) Principle of necessity. Only when it is difficult to realize the purpose of investigation by general investigative measures can technical investigative measures be used. (3) Principle of relevance. The object of technical investigative measures can only be directed at the suspect and the main relevant persons in the case, and the scope of application of technical investigative measures is limited to what is relevant to the purpose of the investigation. (4) Principle of felony. In anti-corruption investigation, technical investigation measures are only applicable to major corruption and bribery cases involving more than 100,000 yuan. (5) Principle of specific crimes. The anti-corruption department of the procuratorial organ can decide to use technical investigation measures for the following crimes: embezzlement, acceptance of bribe, unit acceptance of bribe, active bribery, active bribery of a unit, introduction of bribery, unit active bribery, acceptance of bribe by using influence (in the procuratorate's fugitive use of technical investigation measures can be exempted from this list).

2. Application and Approval. (1) the subject of the application: anti-corruption bureau of the People's Procuratorate at the prefectural and municipal levels, or the anti-corruption bureau of the Basic People's Procuratorate. (2) the form and content of the application: application for the use of technical investigative measures, must be investigated by the department in writing, specifically: ① the use of technical investigative measures of the start and end of the time, geographical area, the object, the type of work, the content of the work and cooperation with the implementation of technical investigative measures in the case of the department. ② the use of technical investigation measures to explain the need. ③ proof of the suspect's prima facie evidence of the crime. (3) Approval of the main body: the application submitted by the case handling department of the anti-corruption bureau of the People's Procuratorate at the prefecture and municipal levels or the anti-corruption bureau of the Basic Procuratorate shall be examined and reported to the competent Deputy Procurator-General for approval by the Director of the Anti-Corruption Bureau of the People's Procuratorate at the prefecture and municipal levels (the same procedure as that for approval of the use of the public security technological investigative means is adopted at present). [The use of technical investigation measures by anti-corruption departments of procuratorial organs above the provincial level shall be handled by the case handling division of the anti-corruption bureau of the procuratorial organs above the provincial level as the subject of the application, which shall be submitted to the competent deputy procurator general for approval after examination and approval by the chief of the anti-corruption bureau].

3. Specialized agencies. The anti-corruption bureaus of the people's procuratorates at or above the prefecture and municipal levels have set up specialized groups or determined fixed personnel within the investigation command center to be specifically responsible for the approval of technical investigation measures, to improve the supervision of technical investigation measures throughout the investigation process, and to ensure that the anti-corruption investigations of procuratorial organs and public security organs and state security organs work together conveniently, efficiently and smoothly. The anti-corruption departments of procuratorial organs at all levels should train composite talents who understand both investigation and technology, and strengthen the construction of the team.

4. Legal period. Technical investigation measures are effective within three months from the date of issuance by the competent deputy procurator-general. For not need to continue to take technical investigation measures, must be lifted in a timely manner; for complex, difficult cases, the expiration of the period is still necessary to continue to take technical investigation measures, should be made within ten days before the expiration of the period of technical investigation measures to extend the period of technical investigation measures to extend the period of the report, stating the extension of the period of time and the reasons for it, and according to the law to carry out the original approval procedures, the validity of the period before it is extended, and shall not be more than three months at a time.

5. Use of evidence. Technical investigation measures taken in accordance with the law, the materials collected as evidence, the approval of the technical investigation measures shall be attached to the legal documents, defense counsel may, in accordance with the law, access, excerpts, copy. With respect to physical evidence, documentary evidence and other evidence collected by technical investigative measures, the investigator shall produce corresponding explanatory materials, indicating the time, place, quantity and characteristics of the evidence obtained, as well as the authorizing authority and type of technical investigative measures taken, and shall sign and stamp them. For the use of technical investigative measures to obtain evidence and materials that may endanger the personal safety of specific persons, involve state secrets or may expose investigative secrets or serious damage to commercial secrets or personal privacy after public disclosure, the identity of the relevant persons shall not be exposed, technical methods and other protective measures. If necessary, it may be recommended that the evidence not be examined in court, the trial judge to verify the evidence outside the court.

6. Confidentiality. Anti-corruption investigators shall fulfill the duty of confidentiality with respect to the state secrets, commercial secrets and personal privacy known in the process of taking technical investigative measures; the materials not related to the case obtained by taking technical investigative measures shall be reported in a timely manner, and be destroyed upon approval, and records shall be made of the destruction. Evidence, clues and other materials obtained by taking technical investigative measures shall be used only for the investigation, prosecution and trial of the crime, and shall not be used for other purposes.

(II) The normative application of modern investigative techniques

Frankly speaking, investigative activities are themselves an infringement of human rights, for example: by retrieving information on household registration to understand the family members of the subject of the investigation, by retrieving information on bank deposits to understand the economic situation of the subject of the investigation and other conventional investigative methods, broadly speaking, is also an infringement of human rights, infringement of the subject of the investigation of the personal privacy of the subject, but the degree of infringement is relatively weak. However, the degree of infringement is relatively weak. In order of infringement, coercive measures directly deprive and restrict personal freedom, and the degree of infringement is the most serious; technical investigation measures infringe on personal privacy and commercial secrets, and the degree of infringement is slightly weaker than that of coercive measures; and the degree of infringement of modern investigation techniques is relatively weaker, basically the same as that of conventional investigation techniques such as access to household registration information and access to deposit information. Therefore, the use of modern investigative techniques can be considered in practice to be the same as conventional investigative techniques, which can be implemented after the fulfillment of internal working procedures, i.e., good case-by-case control. If the procedural requirements are too cumbersome, they are self-imposed and opportunities are easily missed. When applying modern investigative techniques, case handlers should pay attention to keeping records of their work, which should be available for inspection as internal working documents. The focus of modern investigative techniques should be applied to skilled, flexible, comprehensive use, the formation of a variety of techniques and tactics with the use of the case in order to maximize the results of the investigation goals.

At present, the modern investigation techniques successfully applied in anti-corruption investigation work are mainly: (omitted at the request of the author).

Four, "technical investigative measures" and "modern investigative techniques" in the application of the main problems and countermeasures

For a long time, the main mode of anti-corruption investigation work of the procuratorial organs used to be "A mouth, a pen", in the face of increasingly complex, diverse, hidden corruption and bribery crime situation, a single means of investigation is increasingly difficult to cope with the new work situation. Excessive reliance on confessions and the traditional anti-corruption investigation mode centered on interrogation derived therefrom appear to be more and more incompetent in the face of the new provisions of the Criminal Procedure Law for the protection of human rights. For the anti-corruption departments of procuratorial organs, there is an urgent need to combine the use of modern investigation techniques with traditional investigation techniques. Unfortunately, the procuratorial organs in many regions are still at a relatively early stage in this regard. Frankly speaking, at present, the use of modern investigative techniques by procuratorial organs at the municipal and county levels throughout the country is at a relatively low level, and only some of the provincial people's procuratorates are doing a better job. Throughout the whole situation, in the transition from a single means of investigation to diversified means of investigation, many problems need to be solved.

(I) the main problems

1. Lack of specialized personnel, especially the odd shortage of both investigative and technical composite talents. From the concept of technical investigation to the comprehensive use of various techniques and tactics, the level of anti-corruption investigators using modern science and technology to serve the investigation is still at a relatively early stage. Many police officers engaged in anti-corruption investigation are relatively unfamiliar with modern electronic equipment such as computers and smart phones due to their age, and have no concept of psychological testing technology and video surveillance technology. There are also some anti-corruption police officers who usually do not use modern communication tools such as qq, msn, micro letter, etc., and their knowledge of electronic data still remains at the level of "all data are gone as long as the disk is formatted". In some areas, anti-corruption departments lack basic attention to information and intelligence work, and ignore the construction of information databases. Among the anti-corruption investigators, either experienced old investigators do not understand modern technology or young investigators who can skillfully operate modern electronic equipment have been engaged in anti-corruption investigation for a short period of time and are not at a high level of professionalism. Composite talents who understand both investigation and technology are often few and far between.

2. The technical force is relatively weak and decentralized, and the mechanism of the technical department to serve the investigation work needs to be improved. Procuratorial organs at all levels of the technical departments to a large extent, the lack of coordination, municipal procuratorial anti-corruption departments and technical departments in the investigation activities in addition to synchronized audio-video recording lack of cooperation, the grass-roots level people's procuratorates technical departments are seriously understaffed, usually only 1-2 people; relative to the public security organs of the technical investigation, the network security department of the investigation work of the strong technical support, the procuratorate technical departments applied in the investigation of technical strength is obviously weak, and the technical force of the investigations. In the technical force is obviously weak, the use of modern scientific and technological means for anti-corruption investigation work to provide technical support has not yet become the regular work of the Procuratorate Technical Department.

3. Poor equipment. Compared with the public security organs, the procuratorial organs in the investigation of equipment generally backward. Many municipal procuratorates and grass-roots procuratorates do not have high-end special investigative equipment, investigative modernization is still mainly in the "computer instead of handwriting" stage. Political and legal special funds are also mainly for the purchase of printers, office desktop computers, replacement of office vehicles, the lack of funding for special funds.

4. Individual cases, the public security organs and technical investigation departments to assist in handling cases resulting in inefficiency and run the wind can not be eliminated. Public security organs of the technical investigation department due to their own heavy workload, can not be in every case with the procuratorial organs in the work with timely and efficient, and by the procuratorial system outside the personnel responsible for the implementation of anti-corruption cases of technical investigations led to some places in the process of handling the case of running the wind of the situation. Especially when the suspect is a public security police, this work is more difficult to carry out.

(II) Countermeasures

Aiming at the above problems, the key to cracking the anti-corruption investigation work in the "technical investigation measures" and "modern investigation techniques" application of the problem is to start from the software, hardware and system construction, the three-pronged approach, "three-pronged approach". The key is to start from the software, hardware and system construction, "three-pronged".

1. Software construction. Attach great importance to the team building of anti-corruption investigators, focus on cultivating all anti-corruption investigators to apply "technical investigation measures" and "modern investigation techniques" awareness, through training, examination, practice and other ways to improve the application of all anti-corruption police officers. Through training, examination and practice, etc., improve the level of application of "technical investigation measures" and "modern investigation techniques" by all anti-corruption police officers, enhance the scientific and technological content of anti-corruption investigation work, and accelerate the transformation of the anti-corruption investigation mode from human-intensive to information-intensive and technology-intensive. At the same time, the technical departments of the procuratorial organs will increase the recruitment of professionals who are familiar with "technical investigation measures" and "modern investigation techniques", so as to strengthen the technical team of the procuratorial organs and to form a strong technical support for the technical departments in handling cases.

2. Hardware construction. Seize the favorable opportunity of the unified management of the procuratorial organs below the provincial level, improve the purchase of modern investigative equipment to ensure that the financial security of the political and legal special funds to the account in full and all for the purchase of modern investigative equipment. Fully drawing on the advanced experience of the public security organs and national security organs, we will make every effort to promote the "dual construction" and raise the level of investigative equipment in the shortest possible time. To coordinate planning, avoid duplication of construction, the limited funds used in the most effective investigative equipment, truly "focus on the actual combat, highlight the key, focus on the application of the law.

3. System construction. The establishment of the procuratorial organs of the technical departments and investigative departments of the long-term cooperation mechanism, with strong technical support to ensure that anti-corruption investigation work in the realization of the purpose of the investigation, the formation of benign interaction between the technical departments and investigative departments, regular feedback on the success of the experience and the lessons learned from the mistakes, to ensure that the work is smooth. At the same time, a mechanism of cooperation with public security organs and national security organs should be actively explored, so as to seek the cooperation of national security organs in the implementation of "technical investigation measures" in the case of public security police involved in a case, and vice versa. Within the anti-corruption departments, special persons are determined to be responsible for contacting and coordinating with the public security organs and national security organs to ensure the smooth implementation of the "technical investigation measures".