Reflections on Looking for Vision (Exhibition of Traditional Skills of Chinese Intangible Cultural Heritage)

Www.cnjxol.com Jiaxing Online News Network Defends Traditional Culture May 2006 1 09: 18: 12 The ancient villages scattered all over China are the witness of the social and historical development of China, the crystallization of China's farming civilization and the "living fossil" engraved with the light of human wisdom. There are 9.6 million square kilometers of villages in China, including water towns in the south of the Yangtze River, smoke from the vast grasslands, fishing villages in the eastern islands, people in the northwest mountainous areas, caves in the loess plateau, wooden houses in the dense forests in the northeast and stockades in the southwest ... all kinds of charms. However, with the development of industrial civilization and the modern evolution of human production and lifestyle, many historical blocks, ancient towns and ancient villages are facing the fate of being ignored or even destroyed. What is the status of these disappearing historical sites in China culture? What is their present situation? How should people protect and use them now? With these questions and concerns, Chinese and foreign experts have recently gathered in Xitang to discuss the protection of ancient villages. Among more than 50 experts and scholars who attended the forum, Feng Jicai, a famous writer, painter and vice chairman of the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, was called "the Watcher of Folk Culture". Ruan, director of the National Cultural City Research Center and a professor at Tongji University, is famous for "swearing" and is called "the guardian of protecting the ancient city" by the media; There are also two leading figures from afar in Japanese folklore: Yasuo Fukuda, a professor at Kanagawa University in Japan, and Dr. Sugino, an associate professor at Tokyo University in Japan. In addition, representatives from typical ancient villages at home and abroad-Wuyuan, Jiangxi, Yuci, Shanxi and Hue, Vietnam-were all present, which brought more voices to the forum. Let's try to find a good way to continue these traditional cultures with the wisdom of experts. Declaration on the morning of April 27th, the silver moonlight just receded, and the awakened ancient town Xitang was full of vitality. I can't hear the sound of birds, paddles and bicycles, and I can't hear the swaying sound of the breeze blowing the willows ... just like the true face of "the life of a thousand-year-old town". At this time, Feng Jicai and Shen Guoqiang, Party Secretary of Tangxi Town, appeared on the terrace on the second floor of "Ming and Qing Food Generation" early and participated in the recording of cctv-4 programs. The theme is "Protection of Ancient Villages". Feng Jicai, who came to Xitang for the second time, is still the same, with unruly hair and impassioned speech. In recent years, he has been busy saving folk culture and traveled to many places. This year, he focused on the protection of ancient villages. He firmly believes that in the process of inheriting and rescuing folk culture, ancient villages are the "bottom of the box" of folk culture, so from March 2005, he visited ancient villages in seven or eight provinces of China. He said: "Time is pressing. We don't even know how many ancient villages there are now. How can we protect them? Therefore, this meeting is held here, hoping to concentrate all forces to explore the future of ancient villages. " "Ancient villages are the wealth left by the Chinese nation's 5,000-year farming civilization to future generations. I don't want our descendants to see only sickles and hoes in the museum, which would be extremely sad. " This is his biggest worry. Feng Jicai used "coming late" more than once to describe his feelings about Xitang. He also described a detail he encountered when he first came to Xitang: "I went to Xitang for the first time last year, and the mayor accompanied me for a walk on the shore. It's a little cold when walking. I saw an old lady pick up a stick from a window, close the window and take out a pot of flowers from the window at the same time. At that time, I noticed a butterfly landed on the flowerpot. The old lady picked up the flowerpot and shook it gently. The butterfly flew away. Xitang even retained the poetry of life, and this harmony moved me. " Feng Jicai thinks that Xitang's experience is a way of ecological protection, which continues the primitive state of local people's life and is people-oriented, and can be used as a model for other places to learn. When talking about why Xitang was chosen as the forum venue, he said that apart from the successful protection of Xitang, he was also moved by the concept of the local government. "At that time, I was particularly impressed by the two words of the leaders of Tang Xi Town. One is that "protecting ancient villages is the responsibility of the government", and the other is that "when there is a conflict between economic GDP and cultural protection, we should keep our roots." A grass-roots leader can have such foresight and cultural responsibility, which makes me see hope. "With this hope, Feng Jicai brought the forum to Xitang and issued the Xitang Declaration calling for the protection of ancient villages. He said: "We must hurry, otherwise, many ancient villages may lose it before we know it. "The presence of a group of heavyweight experts, scholars and officials undoubtedly added a lot of color to this forum. Their fierce views collided at the venue and sparked a wonderful spark. Feng Jicai: The ancient village heritage is bigger than the Great Wall of Wan Li. " I always think that the ancient village is the biggest cultural heritage in China, bigger than the Great Wall in Wan Li. Feng Jicai explained his view as follows: "In terms of scale, China has 5,000 to 7,000 years of agricultural civilization, 56 ethnic groups, 9.6 million square kilometers, about 1600 counties and19,000 towns. According to one town 10 administrative villages, we have about 200,000 administrative villages. But not all villages are ancient villages. I originally estimated that there are about 3,000 to 5,000 ancient villages in China. But then I heard that there are six or seven hundred ancient villages in southeastern Guizhou alone. Therefore, we should have a number in mind. The number of our ancient villages is at least 10,000. "He believes that ancient villages should meet the following standards: long history, rich material and intangible historical and cultural heritage, and basically retain the original village system and distinctive local characteristics." Village is a container of history and culture, and a combination of material and intangible cultural heritage. Its architecture, its unique planning of the relationship between man and nature are its material heritage, as well as many intangible cultural heritages such as folk customs. Regarding folklore, he added: "The folklore I mentioned includes the folklore of people's production and life, the folklore of business and trade, the folklore of weddings and funerals, the folklore of living and eating, the folklore of festivals, the folklore of beliefs, and oral cultures such as myths, stories, proverbs and ballads. Folk arts and crafts carried by artists such as folk drama, folk art, folk music and folk dance are the intangible cultural heritage of this village. "Why do you want to protect it? Feng Jicai replied: "Our ancient village has its research value, academic value, witness value, historical and cultural value, aesthetic value and appreciation value, but its ultimate value is its spiritual value. The ultimate goal of inheriting our cultural heritage is to inherit our unique culture, that is, to inherit our national identity and genes. "He believes that there is something wrong with our cultural heritage, that is, since the reform and opening up, we have been faced with a globalized homogeneous culture, which has made our culture uniform. At the same time, it is a commercial culture that can be used as a selling point and abandoned or even destroyed as a selling point. " This is the cultural crisis of our generation and the dereliction of duty of our generation of intellectuals. ""Our intangible cultural heritage was made last year, but because there is no law to protect intangible cultural heritage at present, we can only make it look like it now. "But what makes him feel gratified is that relevant parties are stepping up the formulation of relevant laws. Ruan: The village is the surname of "Pure Land" and "Ruan", which is no stranger to those who care about the protection of China's heritage. As an architect, he initiated the protection movement of Pingyao ancient city from the early 1980s, and his most well-known masterpiece is the protection of zhouzhuang town. With his efforts, in 1980s, Beijing, Xi, Kaifeng, Yangzhou, Luoyang and other cities were successively listed as national historical and cultural cities. Pingyao, Shanxi, Zhouzhuang, Jiangsu and Lijiang, Yunnan also entered the ranks of world cultural heritage in the 1990s. 2 1 century, Ruan constantly urged Tongli, Nanxun, Wuzhen, Xitang and other ancient towns to embark on the road of "maintaining the original flavor and expanding the cultural connotation", leaving an amazing "water town" for China. Ruan believes that the urban construction boom since 1980s has destroyed many traditional historical regions. Many old cities have lost their original features while "changing their old looks". He said: "The foundation of a national culture and the inheritance of a spiritual civilization all need carriers. And what we call intangible things, folk culture things, depend on the existence of material carriers such as buildings. So those valuable materials and intangible relics should be protected. For example, it is necessary to protect the architecture of water towns in the south of the Yangtze River: it is its soul because of the characteristics of water becoming a city, water becoming a street, building houses by water and building towns by water. When talking about the concept of "urban memory", Ruan cited the example of "Shanghai Jewish Protected Area", which witnessed the friendship between the people of China and the Jewish people. Now it is a historical area of Shanghai 12. " During World War II, German fascists brutally slaughtered Jews. While many countries refused to accept Jewish refugees fleeing in all directions, the people of China, ravaged by Japanese imperialism, also accepted more than 30,000 Jews in a friendly way. When Blumenthal, the former finance minister of Carter's government, revisited his hometown 60 years later, he burst into tears and told his daughter, Remember, without Shanghai, there would be no family, and without China, we Jews could not live. Why? Because this building reflects the love of the great people of China and is a milestone of harmonious coexistence with the people of the world. This block is an important city memory, remembering the friendship of a generation, which is beyond the reach of language. On the contrary, if the carrier carrying historical information dies, the historical culture it carries will inevitably be diluted or die. He sneered at the idea of equating tourism with protection: "We usually think that protection is used to develop tourism and engage in economic development, and protection is equivalent to making money." He believes that protection should not focus on commercial interests, because there must be destruction behind commercial interests. "Protection is not for political achievements, not for the development of tourism, but for the preservation of the outstanding cultural heritage of our motherland, the essence of national architecture, and the environment in which man and nature live in harmony. These are the norms for us to create new towns and new buildings in the future. " Qingdao Taizhi: Protecting Living Culture Qingdao Taizhi, General Representative of UNESCO Asia-Pacific Region, was invited to attend the forum. In his speech, he said that the ancient village is a precious tangible witness to the development of a specific culture and history, reflecting the evolution of people's culture, philosophy and aesthetic values. Compared with archaeological sites and relics, these historical heritage communities are living heritage. Qingdao Taizhi believes that in the process of rapid economic development, social transformation and globalization, the traditional lifestyle and value system are facing severe challenges. At the same time, traditional buildings and streets are constantly being replaced by modern buildings. Therefore, protecting the intangible cultural elements of historical heritage communities is as important as protecting their material forms. In the efforts to protect this heritage, it is very important to raise the awareness of local communities and promote their participation. He said that China is a country with a long history and civilization and rich cultural heritage resources. With the rapid economic development in China, the protection of cultural heritage has been paid more and more attention. Pingyao Ancient City, Old Town of Lijiang, Xidi and Hongcun, ancient villages in southern Anhui, were selected as UNESCO World Heritage List. At the same time, he hoped that the China government, non-governmental organizations and local communities could all participate in heritage protection. Tashanshi's speech at the International Summit Forum on the Protection of Ancient Chinese Villages (Xitang) and the experiences of representatives from Xitang, Zhejiang, Wuyuan, Yuci, Shanxi and Hue, Vietnam also provide a good reference for the protection of other ancient villages. Wuyuan, Jiangxi, a village that continues Wuyuan's context, is known as "the most beautiful village in China". Feng Jicai is also full of praise for Wuyuan. "The color is so beautiful! Blue bricks, gray tiles, white walls, green bamboo forests, cauliflower, blue Shan Ye and hongxia are just like a painting. " Wuyuan county government has determined different protection methods according to the actual situation of each village. Including scenic spots, museums, zoning protection and primitive ecology. As the Huizhou architecture in Wuyuan is all over the countryside, and the Nuo dance, Huizhou opera, tea ceremony and other unique local cultures are colorful, the government funded the general survey, registration and filing of ancient buildings scattered in the countryside, and on this basis, formulated the protection plan. At the same time, the "Leading Group for the Construction and Management of Historical and Cultural Villages (Ancient Villages) in Wuyuan County" was established, and a detailed approval process for the construction of rural houses was also formulated to curb the phenomenon of indiscriminate demolition and construction. In order to enhance the vitality of ancient villages, the county also established the Wuyuan Culture Research Association, which consists of nine branches, including tea culture, folk culture, ancient architecture culture, Huizhou merchants culture, folk art culture and folk stories, and is responsible for the protective excavation and collation of folk culture in the county. This year, four folk arts, such as Wuyuan Nuo Dance, Wuyuan Hui Opera, Wuyuan Huizhou Three Sculptures and Wuyuan She Yan Production Skills, were selected as national intangible cultural heritage. Hougou Ancient Village in Yuci, Shanxi —— Hougou Ancient Village of Folk House Museum has formed a complete folk culture system, including simple farming culture, exquisite architectural culture, traditional belief culture and flexible ecological culture. In particular, the exquisite and unique ancient stage, Jade Emperor Hall and Kannonji are the "living fossils" of northern folk culture. The ancient village of Hougou adapts itself to local conditions, chooses auspicious times to live in, and emphasizes harmonious "pastoral landscape" and "farming and reading culture". In 2005, on the basis of careful demonstration, the local government carried out rescue consolidation and recovery development of Hougou ancient village. At the same time, a working group will be set up to investigate, excavate, arrange and guide the natural forms of villagers' production and life, reproduce the ancient folk art, unique food culture and special regional festivals in ancient villages, and establish a museum of farming folklore. In the process of rescuing and protecting ancient villages, the main line of "simple but not crude, with good folk customs" runs through all the time. In the process of restoration and protection, we strive to show its quaint and exquisite architecture, long-standing quaint customs and heavy traditional folk customs, so that "pastoral scenery, simple folk customs and ancient village style" emerge suddenly. Hue, Vietnam-Hue, the capital of Chenghua, is located in the middle of Vietnam. The Neolithic and Metal Age relics discovered in Hue can be traced back to 1000 BC, influenced by the archaeological culture in the south and the bronze age culture in the north. Therefore, since ancient times, it has become a crossroads of unique culture, and it has also laid the urban tone of diverse styles and lifestyles. One of the characteristics of hue is that all unique artistic forms in history have been absorbed and utilized by hue culture. Another important feature is the existence and mutual integration of court culture and popular culture. Hue is a city, but it still retains many traditions formed in history. Therefore, Hue not only plays the role of a pluralistic city and a historical city, but is actually a museum with many tangible and intangible cultural relics. References:

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