Characteristics of Buyi nationality

What are the characteristics of Buyi people? Culture and art

For thousands of years, the Buyi people have created colorful culture and art in their long-term production and life, which has become a valuable heritage in the treasure house of Chinese culture and art. The oral literature circulated among the people includes folk songs, stories, myths, fables, proverbs, two-part allegories and riddles.

Folk songs are the most distinctive, including ancient songs, narrative songs, love songs, wine songs, labor songs and so on. The forms are solo, duet, chorus and singing; Tunes are divided into "major" and "minor". "Major" is used in grand occasions such as weddings, funerals and weddings, with a high-pitched, generous and charming tone. "Minor" was sung on a moonlit night or in a "striking" romantic period, with a soft, euphemistic and lively tone.

China traditional drama is famous for its local dramas and lanterns, with vivid and beautiful plots. Common dances include weaving dance and lion dance. , coordinated and agile. Musical instruments include suona, Qin Yue, sister flute, gong and bronze drum. The bronze drum is a traditional musical instrument that people have always cherished. It can only be played on grand festivals, and ghosts must be played at funerals and sacrifices.

Arts and crafts are famous for batiks, simple colors and beautiful patterns.

Libo bamboo mats, Pingtang hats and other fabrics are well known in all directions.

Social customs and habits

The clothing features of Buyi nationality are clean, elegant and solemn. Men wear double-breasted jackets or robes and blue or white checkered headscarves. Most women wear right-handed jackets and trousers, or lace jackets, or tie flowers around their waists. They also have jackets with large lapels and long batiks with pleated skirts. During the festival, you will also wear various silver ornaments.

Buyi villages are mostly built on mountains and rivers, or on flat dams in river valleys. "Gan Lan" building with regional characteristics, where people live upstairs, livestock are enclosed downstairs and firewood is stored.

Buyi people's marriage is monogamous, and close relatives don't get married, but it is popular that "aunts and uncles express their marriage".

Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, the custom of "grabbing to see" was still prevalent in Buyi areas. Unmarried men and women can take advantage of festivals, rush to the scene or go out to work to get together and sing. Do women like men? Just carefully throw the embroidered hydrangea to each other in advance. If the man agrees, they will meet and sing folk songs not far from the departure place and pour out their love. But under the feudal system, it is difficult for lovers to form lifelong partners. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, we should conclude marriage in a proper way and pay attention to the bride price. Early marriage arranged by parents is called "tying pro".

The marriage system of "changing houses" is still popular in some areas of Buyi nationality. Popular "never leave your husband's house". Or the custom of "sitting at home".

In modern times, the funeral of Buyi people is held in a coffin, and it is necessary to ask a wizard to clear the way. Some people chop cattle for fasting and cross over to the dead, which is called "beating".

Religious beliefs and important festivals

Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, people generally believed in ghosts and gods and worshipped their ancestors. And Catholics and Christians.

Besides the Spring Festival, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival, there are also "April 8th" and "June 6th".

April 8th is also called Ox King's Day. Steamed glutinous rice should be offered to the cows to worship their ancestors, so that the cows can have a day off.

"June 6th" is a grand festival of Buyi people, second only to the Spring Festival, which is called "Gengjiang" in Buyi language. People give it all kinds of myths and legends, and some areas are said to be festivals to commemorate the leaders of the Buyi uprising.

The name and characteristics of Buyi nationality 20 points Buyi nationality-introduction

Buyi nationality, with a population of more than 2.545 million, is a major minority in southwest China. More than 95% live in two autonomous prefectures in Qiannan and Southwest Guizhou, Zhenning, Guanling and Ziyun Autonomous Counties, and three regions (states) in Bijie, Zunyi and Qiandongnan. There are also a few Buyi people living in Yunnan, Sichuan, Guangxi and other provinces (regions), but they have all migrated from Guizhou in history.

The mountainous area where Buyi people live has beautiful scenery, beautiful scenery, rich natural resources and many places of interest. The southern suburb of Guiyang17km "Huaxi" is a pearl of Guizhou Plateau. The environment there is fresh, the water quality is sweet, the air is fresh, and the mountains and flowers along the way are gorgeous and picturesque. This is a famous tourist area. The Buyi Huchao Village is located in the upper reaches of Huaxi, with a gold and silver pool next to it. The pool is deep, and the spring is half light green and half golden. It is said that the fairy's golden bell fell into a deep pool.

The culture and art of Buyi nationality are colorful. Traditional dances include bronze drum dance, weaving dance, lion dance and sugar bag dance. Traditional musical instruments include suona, Qin Yue, flute, konoha and flute. Di Opera and Lantern Opera are the favorite operas of Buyi people. Buyi people are mainly engaged in agriculture, mainly planting rice. Cloth woven by farmers themselves has long enjoyed a good reputation. In recent years, enterprises specializing in the production of Buyi brocade, batik cloth and national craft clothing have been established one after another, and their products are exported to Southeast Asia, Japan, Europe and America.

Buyi nationality-history

Buyi and Zhuang are of the same origin and were a branch of Baiyue in ancient times. Nowadays, the Buyi people still retain some customs and habits of the Guyue people, such as living in a dry bar room and knocking on bronze drums. Some people think that Yelang Kingdom in the Western Han Dynasty is related to Buyi people today. Some Buyi people call themselves Buyi and Buyi Covenant, while others call themselves Buyi and Booman. After the founding of New China, Buyi people were used as the national title according to national identity. There are many valleys and flat dams in the Buyi area, and the world-famous and spectacular Huangguoshu Waterfall is in the Buyi area. The cultural relics unearthed in Buyi area show that Buyi is an ancient agricultural nation that grows rice. Buyi people are ingenious, and their batik fabrics have a long history and exquisite patterns, which are well-known handicrafts and collectibles at home and abroad.

Buyi nationality-etiquette

Buyi people are hospitable, generous and sincere. Anyone who comes to the cottage, relatives and friends of old friends and strangers, will treat each other with wine. Buyi people are very polite and don't welcome abusive and rude guests.

Buyi nationality-Jieqing

In addition to the Spring Festival, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival, the traditional festivals of Buyi people include February 2nd, March 3rd, April 8th and Ox King Festival, and the biggest festival is June 6th of the lunar calendar.

Flower Jumping Party: Bouyei Flower Jumping Party is held every year from the first day to the 21st day of the first lunar month. On holidays, little girls wear gorgeous lace clothes with beautiful buttons, while boys wear double-breasted shirts, bearded belts, blowing konoha leaves and smiling. Enthusiastic sisters lead horses for the boys, from five villages and eight villages, from invisible mountainsides to places where flowers and dances are held. It is a flat grassland, next to a crystal clear river, and to the north is a paulownia forest full of tender buds. There are people shouting and laughing everywhere, at least thousands of them. Cowhide drums are like thunder, shaking the empty valley, when it is fast, when it is slow, when it is suppressed, when it is young, the sound of Rao cymbals is intoxicating! On the field, a group of young men and women are singing and dancing. The song is beautiful and the steps are light. Young people sit on the riverbank and play "Friends", playing Qin Yue and playing konoha to make love, showing their love to each other with a pair of bright and affectionate eyes like river water, and their reflections are swaying, which has a unique flavor. There is a platform near the edge of Tonglin. There are wonderful Buyi operas, rich and colorful, and the whole lawn is full of cheerful atmosphere. They sang and danced, and unconsciously the sun set on the back of the slope, and the sunset glow fell on the buds of Tonglin. People reluctantly rode horses and left the lawn one by one.

The flower dance is another bridge party between boys and girls. They planted love on the grass dam. On the last day of the festival, 21st (called "combination"), they announced the end of the annual flower dance. The 22nd is "Shepherd's Day", which means engagement. Young people take "sheep" home (take girls home for blind date) to meet the man's family and decide on a lifelong event. On this day, many young people go to Caoba to celebrate their future ... >>

Do Buyi people have any personality characteristics? Indigenous people usually eat two meals a day and three meals when they are busy. Love to eat dog meat, cold dishes, sauerkraut and sour soup. Pay attention to hospitality, and be good at making pickles, bacon and lobster sauce. Every family brews a lot of rice wine every year. Wa nationality and Buyi nationality have a long-standing reputation. A free combination of three to five to seven or eight unmarried young men and women from all over the world, who talk or express their feelings through chatting, laughing and singing. Buyi people are hospitable, generous and sincere.

What are the characteristics and types of Buyi costumes? Buyi men and women like to wear blue, blue, black and white clothes. Young and middle-aged men often wear headscarves, double-breasted short clothes (or long-sleeved clothes) and trousers. Most elderly people wear double-breasted jackets or robes.

Women's clothing varies from place to place, some wear blue-black pleated dresses, some like embroidered clothes, some like to wrap their heads with white towels and bring silver bracelets, earrings, collars and other accessories. Women in Huishui and Changshun wear big skirts, shorts and trousers, embroidered bibs and homemade plaid cloth on their heads. Girls' underwear in Huaxi area is decorated with "railings", tied to the waist, wearing a headband and braiding a headband. Women in the area around Biandan Mountain in Zhenning wear long-breasted tops and pleated skirts. The neckline, shoulders and sleeves of the jacket are inlaid with "column stems" (that is, lace), and the material of the skirt is mostly batik cloth with white background and blue flowers. They used to wear several skirts at a time, and they also wore black lace girdles. Braid before marriage and wear a knotted headscarf; After marriage, they changed into fake shells, made of green cloth and bamboo shoots. Buyi women in Luodian and Wangmo wear wide-sleeved tops and trousers. Women in Jinglong, Huaxi and other places wear knee-high long-breasted tops and trousers, and their skirts, necklines and trouser legs are inlaid with lace, and the waist is embroidered with floral patterns. Most of them are wrapped in blue plaid headscarves, some wear embroidered shoes with fine tips and upturned, and some wear straw sandals with thin ears. The clothing of Buyi women in some areas of Duyun, Dushan and Anlong counties is basically the same as that of Han women. Buyi women like to wear silver bracelets or bone bracelets, rings, silver hairpins, collars and other ornaments.

Buyi clothing fabrics are mostly self-woven dyed homespun, including white homespun and yarn-dyed fabric. Yarn-dyed fabrics are mostly plaid, striped, plum blossom, pepper flower, pepper, fishbone and other patterns, with more than 200 kinds. Clothing colors are mostly blue and blue, with red, yellow, blue, white and other multicolor patterns, which are solemn and generous, novel and chic. It embodies his simple, kind, gentle and enthusiastic character.

What are the characteristics of Buyi clothing? Buyi men and women like to wear blue, blue, black and white cloth. Young and middle-aged men often wear headscarves, double-breasted short clothes (or long-sleeved clothes) and trousers. Most elderly people wear double-breasted jackets or robes.

Women's clothing varies from place to place, some wear blue-black pleated dresses, some like embroidered clothes, some like to wrap their heads with white towels and bring silver bracelets, earrings, collars and other accessories. Women in Huishui and Changshun wear big skirts, shorts and trousers, embroidered bibs and homemade plaid cloth on their heads. Girls' underwear in Huaxi area is decorated with "railings", tied to the waist, wearing a headband and braiding a headband. Women in the area around Biandan Mountain in Zhenning wear long-breasted tops and pleated skirts. The neckline, shoulders and sleeves of the jacket are inlaid with "column stems" (that is, lace), and the material of the skirt is mostly batik cloth with white background and blue flowers. They used to wear several skirts at a time, and they also wore black lace girdles. Braid before marriage and wear a knotted headscarf; After marriage, they changed into fake shells, made of green cloth and bamboo shoots. Buyi women in Luodian and Wangmo wear wide-sleeved tops and trousers. Women in Jinglong, Huaxi and other places wear knee-high long-breasted tops and trousers, and their skirts, necklines and trouser legs are inlaid with lace, and the waist is embroidered with floral patterns. Most of them are wrapped in blue plaid headscarves, some wear embroidered shoes with fine tips and upturned, and some wear straw sandals with thin ears. The clothing of Buyi women in some areas of Duyun, Dushan and Anlong counties is basically the same as that of Han women. Buyi women like to wear silver bracelets or bone bracelets, rings, silver hairpins, collars and other ornaments.

Buyi clothing fabrics are mostly self-woven dyed homespun, including white homespun and yarn-dyed fabric. Yarn-dyed fabrics are mostly plaid, striped, plum blossom, pepper flower, pepper, fishbone and other patterns, with more than 200 kinds. Clothing colors are mostly blue and blue, with red, yellow, blue, white and other multicolor patterns, which are solemn and generous, novel and chic. It embodies their simple, kind, gentle and enthusiastic character.

Characteristics of Buyi folk houses

Buyi is one of the ethnic minorities in China. 2,545,059 people, including more than 2 million in Guizhou Province, accounting for more than 95% of the Buyi population. They mainly live in two Buyi and Miao autonomous prefectures in southern Guizhou and southwestern Guizhou, and in counties (cities) such as Duyun, Dushan, Pingtang and Zhenning in Guizhou 10. The rest are scattered in Yunnan, Sichuan, Guangxi and other provinces (regions).

Buyi area has beautiful mountains and rivers and colorful natural scenery. More than a dozen tourist attractions such as the famous Huangguoshu Waterfall, Guiyang Huaxi, Anshun "Dragon Palace" Cave and Panjiang Tiesuo Bridge welcome thousands of tourists every year. In addition to tourism resources, wildlife resources and mineral resources are also rich.

Buyi people mainly focus on agriculture and have a long history of planting rice. Hongshui River Basin is also one of the most important forest areas in China.

Buyi nationality is an indigenous people in the southeast of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, who worked and lived here as early as the Stone Age. Buyi people are related to Liao, Baiyue and Baipu in ancient times. In the Tang dynasty, it was called "Southwestern People"; Song and Yuan Dynasties were called "Fan Man" and "Zhong Jia Man Man"; They were called "Zhong Man people" in Ming and Qing Dynasties. After the founding of New China, they were collectively called Buyi people.

Buyi language belongs to Zhuang-Dai branch of Zhuang-Dong language family of Sino-Tibetan language family, and has no mother tongue. Buyi language came into being in 1950s, but it has not been widely popularized. Now there is more commonly used Chinese.

Since the Song Dynasty, the Buyi people have been fighting against the exploitation and oppression of the feudal ruling class. In modern history, they also fought against foreign churches, Japanese imperialism and reactionaries. They are a country with a glorious revolutionary tradition.

Shan bang Shi Shui board house

The distinctive feature of Buyi folk houses is that they live by mountains and rivers. Most of the residential buildings are dry-column buildings or semi-buildings (buildings in front of the first half and bungalows behind the second half). Buyi areas such as Zhenning and Anshun in Guizhou are rich in high-quality stone, and there are also large flat stone slabs that can be uncovered layer by layer and have a basically uniform thickness. This thin stone comes from water-bearing shale. According to local conditions, the local Buyi people used local materials to build slate houses with national characteristics. Stone slab houses are made of stone strips or stones, and the wall height can reach five or six meters; Covering the roof with slate, paving it in a neat diamond shape or paving it in a scale shape with materials, the stone house is not only impervious to wind and rain, but also simple and beautiful, with a light roof, easy to live and no sense of oppression. In a word, except sandalwood rafters are made of wood, the rest are made of stone, and even tables, stools, stoves, bowls, bowls, grinders, troughs, altars and basins used in daily life are made of stone. Everything is simple and honest. This kind of house is warm in winter and cool in summer, which is moisture-proof and fire-proof, but the lighting is poor.

In Chengguan Town, where the county seat of Zhenning Buyi and Miao Autonomous County is located, most houses are made of stone, and there are dozens of stone buildings with three or four floors. Because the stone is pale gray, it is more crystal clear and clean after processing, so when you look at Zhenning during the day, the silver light flashes; Looking at Zhenning on a moonlit night, the frost covers the snow. For this reason, it has the reputation of "Yinzhenning" and "Yinzhenning" in ancient times. The stone buildings in this town have a long history of more than 600 years, which is both solidified music and immortal epic.

Buyi people are very particular about building houses. First of all, please ask the teacher of Yin and Yang to take a look at the "Feng Shui" and choose a place near the mountains and rivers as the base address of the house, not only facing the Qingshan Mountain, but also facing the Qingfeng Mountain. It is best to rely on mountains such as "lying lion guarding", "green dragon enclosure" and "riding your seat"; When you go to the mountain, you should choose the forms of "Shuanglong grabbing treasure", "Shuanglong playing with pearls", "Wan Ma returning to the trough" and "Shouxing holding high photos". Fortunately, most Buyi areas are limestone mountains, which are not difficult to find. Choose an auspicious day when building a house. A month before an auspicious day, a carpenter was invited to make a framework for a house. The auspicious day for building a house is dedicated to Master Luban. When the house was put up, my father-in-law sent me a girder with big flowers of red silk tied on it, and a band and a lion dance team set off firecrackers. Song and dance ceremonies and banquets will also be held on the beam. Finally, take the ancestral tablet and the kitchen god (charcoal fire) to the new house. The whole process of building a new house is filled with the atmosphere of jubilation and mutual assistance in Buyi villages.

Batik technology is very famous.

The batik of Buyi nationality has a long reputation. As early as the Song Dynasty, batik cloth was recorded, which is a specialty of Huishui in Guizhou. The "blue and white cloth" mentioned in the history books of Qing Dynasty is batik cloth. Buyi girls began to learn batik from their mothers at the age of 12 or 13. First, the beeswax is heated and melted into wax juice, then dipped in the wax juice with a triangular copper wax knife, and various beautiful and vivid patterns are carefully drawn on the self-woven white cloth, and then dyed in indigo vats to be blue or light blue. Finally, the cloth is boiled to remove beeswax, fished out, washed repeatedly in the river and dried to form a unique batik handicraft.

Batik cloth has rich and simple patterns, vivid and bold paintings ... >>

What are the characteristics of Buyi architecture? Online information is for reference.

Buyi architecture

Buyi people like to live together by mountains and rivers. Generally, there are more than a dozen or dozens of households in a village, ranging from hundreds to hundreds. Buyi folk houses are similar to Dai bamboo houses, but mainly wood structures. There are "dry fence" buildings, bungalows and slate houses, the most unique of which is slate houses. Dry-rail three-bedroom and three-story bamboo and wood structure. No fence is built on the ground floor, and wood is used as a fence to close the livestock. The middle floor is made of phoenix bamboo and lives around. There are sundries piled up upstairs. One side of the house has a balcony made of bamboo, which leads directly to the floor and can enjoy cool and dry things. Call it "diaojiao building".

Civilian residence

Buyi people are used to living near water, and the village is surrounded by mountains and waters, surrounded by dense bamboo forests or geomantic trees. There are many fields in front of the village, surrounded by rivers and streams, surrounded by Liu Chengxing, which is a beautiful pastoral scenery. Many nationalities in this village share the same surname. Most people who live in Pingba have low-walled courtyards, while those who live in mountainous areas have their houses built on the mountain due to terrain restrictions. The buildings are superimposed, and some are built into "hanging houses". The first half is a building, and the second half is a bungalow, which is a continuation of the "dry fence building" in history. Buyi people living in different areas have different houses. From the shape point of view, there are column buildings, diaojiao buildings and bungalows; As for materials, there are wood structures, wood and stone structures, civil structures and stones. ...

Usually there are three stone houses, but now there are five, but it must be odd. According to the folk saying, the singular belongs to the sun, which can make people living in the sun live and work in peace and contentment for generations. In the layout of the slate house, the larger room in the middle is the hall, which is the activity center of the whole family and the place for eating, entertaining, relaxing and women making batiks. The houses on both sides are bedroom and kitchen. There is a shrine in the middle of the hall to worship ancestors, which is divided into kitchen, bedroom and guest room. There is a fire pit in the room for the family to get together for heating and cooking. Houses are made of wood, with roofs covered with tiles, some covered with thatch or straw; Anshun, Zhenning, Guanling, Puding and Liuzhi areas, because of the real estate stones, houses are built with stones from the foundation to the wall, and the roofs are also covered with slate, commonly known as "slate houses". Together with the stone walls of the hut and the stone castle at the top of the mountain, a typical stone building complex is formed. For example, in the Stone Village of Biandan Mountain, all the houses are arranged along the contour line. Houses and village walls, castles, village passages, flat bridges, arch bridges and terraces across the river are all built without stones. Even household appliances, such as cymbals, mills, bowls, tanks, cylinders and so on. , are inseparable from the word "stone". It can be called "Stone Kingdom", which shows the ingenuity, exquisite craftsmanship and extraordinary wisdom of Buyi people.

Shibanfang

Buyi houses are mostly dry-column buildings or semi-buildings (buildings in front of the first half and squares in the second half). Guizhou Buyi areas such as Zhenning and Anshun are rich in high-quality stone. The local Buyi people adapted to local conditions and used local materials to build stone houses with national characteristics.

Slate houses are made of stone strips or stones, and the wall height can reach 5 to 6 meters; Cover the roof with slate, which is impervious to wind and rain. In short, all the purlins and rafters are made of wood, and even the tables, stools, stoves and bowls at home are made of stone. Everything is unpretentious and impregnable. This kind of house is warm in winter and cool in summer, which is moisture-proof and arson-proof, but the lighting is poor.

Buyi village

Often built in flat dams, river valleys or places near mountains and rivers, few people live far from rivers and streams. Therefore, there is a saying that the Miao people in the mountains have a home in the water, and it is also known as the Buyi water town. The village is surrounded by dense geomantic forests and bamboo forests, dotted with tall banana trees, and the scenery is pleasant. Generally dozens to hundreds of households are a village. Usually, several families or surnames live together, and few single-family families live scattered.

Buyi people are very particular about building houses.

First of all, please ask the teacher of Yin and Yang to take a look at the "Feng Shui" and choose a place near the mountains and rivers as the base address of the house, not only facing the Qingshan Mountain, but also facing the Qingfeng Mountain. It is best to rely on mountains such as "lying lion guarding", "green dragon enclosure" and "riding your seat"; When you go to the mountain, you should choose the forms of "Shuanglong grabbing treasure", "Shuanglong playing with pearls", "Wan Ma returning to the trough" and "Shouxing holding high photos". Fortunately, most Buyi areas are limestone mountains, which are not difficult to find. Choose an auspicious day when building a house. A month before an auspicious day, a carpenter was invited to make a framework for a house. The auspicious day for building a house is dedicated to Master Luban. When the house was put up, my father-in-law sent me a girder with big flowers of red silk tied on it, and a band and a lion dance team set off firecrackers. Song and dance ceremonies and banquets will also be held on the beam. Finally, take the ancestral tablet and the kitchen god (charcoal fire) to the new house. The whole process of building a new house is filled with the atmosphere of jubilation and mutual assistance in Buyi villages.

Architectural characteristics of Buyi people in different areas

Buyi people in Zhenning and Anshun, Guizhou ...