What are the splendid ancient civilizations of China

1. The achievements of pre-Qin literature are enormous and its influence is very far-reaching. The oral literature of the prehistoric period, not much of which has been handed down due to the lack of written records, but a part of which is quite rich in myths. Myths arose well before class society.

It was passed on by word of mouth among the masses, and through constant modifications and additions, it became more and more beautiful and rich in artistic imagination, which is the law of development of oral literature. Poetry, in the initial stage of its development, was also an oral creation, and was entirely a literary art belonging to the whole community. After the 300 Psalms of the Book of Poetry, the poetry that radiates in the history of Chinese literature is the "Chu Rhetoric".

2, two Han literature, Fu and prose are very developed. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, the concept of article was created, which mainly referred to fu and prose. But the achievement of fu is far below the prose. At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, the fugue generally simulated Qu Yuan's works and lacked the sense of reality and freshness, which could not arouse the readers' interest. The historical prose of the two Han dynasties reached a stage of high development.

The main symbol is Sima Qian's Historical Records. The author made use of all the achievements of pre-Qin historiography, and created a new system of huge scale and complete organization - the chronicle, which made the development of China's historiography to a new stage, and had a monumental achievement in the history of historiography. The author's spirit of "no false beauty, no hidden evil" is the direct inheritance and development of the pre-Qin historians' tradition of "calligraphy".

He respected the objective facts and had a distinctive tendency to expose the evils of the ruling class as well as to glorify the heroes of the peasant revolts, which demonstrated the ideas of materialism and people's nature.

3. The Tang Dynasty was a glorious era in China's literary history, with outstanding achievements in poetry, prose and fiction. The achievements of poetry were especially outstanding. The number of poets and works of the Tang Dynasty exceeded those of previous generations. The All-Tang Dynasty Poems alone contains more than 2,300 poets and nearly 50,000 poems. The breadth of Tang poetry was also unprecedented.

It reflected the process of historical development of the Tang Dynasty, and also comprehensively reflected the living conditions and mental outlook of people from all social classes. From some poems and records of the Tang Dynasty, the folk songs of the Tang Dynasty were very developed. Unfortunately, very few of them have been handed down. But undoubtedly it had a profound influence on the poetry of Tang literati. For example, Liu Yuxi's famous "Bamboo Branch Lyrics" is a copy of a folk song.

The brilliant achievements of Tang Dynasty literature show the high wisdom and great creativity of our nation. Tang Dynasty literature not only occupies an extremely important position in the history of Chinese literature. Abroad, it has also had a great influence on the literature of many neighboring countries in Asia, such as Japan, Korea and Vietnam.

4, the outline of the literary development of the Ming dynasty is very clear. To the middle of the Hongzhi, Zhengde years as the boundary, can be divided into two periods before and after. The literature of the first period, except for the excellent long novels "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and "Water Margin" which appeared at the time of the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the achievement is not great. After the middle period, prosperity began to appear in the literary world.

This is inseparable from the socio-economic and cultural and ideological changes at that time, and the prosperity of urban industry and commerce, the sprouting of capitalism, the increase in the masses of citizens, as well as advanced philosophical trends and their great influence on the world of thought is closely related. The achievements attained by the various literary genres of the Ming dynasty were quite uneven.

In a nutshell, prose and poetry were in a state of decline compared with previous periods, while novels, operas and folk literature, which were adapted to the socio-economic and cultural thinking of the time, had great achievements and produced many excellent works, becoming the mainstream of Ming literature.

The famous works of the Ming Dynasty, such as the novels of the Three Kingdoms, the Water Margin and the Journey to the West, were re-created by writers on the basis of the collective creation of the people. They have reached a high level of achievement in both thought and art, and have their important position in the history of Chinese literature.

5, silk embroidery embroidery

In feudal society, the beautiful and luxurious embroidery increasingly become a symbol of status. According to records, the Tang Dynasty during the Xuanzong beauty Yang Guifei, can be described as a collection of thousands of favorites, in the court at that time, just for Yang Guifei one person weaving brocade, embroidered dresses workers, as many as 700 people.

A beautiful story circulated in Nanhai, today's Guangzhou, at that time. Legend has it that when a strange woman, Lu Meiniang, was first born, her eyebrows were as slender as silk threads, hence the name.

Meiniang's craftsmanship was so exquisite that even the emperor was so impressed that he called Lu Meiniang the "Divine Nun" and wanted to keep her in his palace, but Meiniang was unwilling to stay there and was eventually lured to become a Taoist priest. It is said that when Meiniang became immortal and returned to heaven, the aroma filled the room, and the disciples were going to bury her, and when they lifted the coffin, they felt that it was unusually light, and when they opened the lid, they could only see a strand of silk embroidery.