What is the importance of implementing building energy conservation?

What is the importance of implementing building energy conservation? With the rapid development of science and technology, the problem of energy shortage can not be ignored, and energy conservation has attracted worldwide attention, and China is no exception. At present, nearly 30% of the global energy consumption is on buildings, which will seriously affect the sustainable development of the world economy in the long run. Therefore, the energy problem will become a hot topic in this century. We must proceed from the strategy of sustainable development, so that the building consumes as little non-renewable resources as possible, reduces the pollution to the external environment, and provides users with a healthy, comfortable and harmonious working and living space with nature.

Energy saving abroad has become a fashion.

1. Resource recycling

An American university once designed and built a four-bedroom ecological house. Its heat energy comes from artificial heat dissipation, sunlight and heat generated by using household appliances; Electricity depends on wind turbines and solar cells; Water is treated rainwater flowing from the eaves; Feces and sewage flow into compost pits and are fermented for garden fertilization. A construction company in the United States built a house with recycled garbage, and the walls were built with recycled tires and aluminum alloy waste; Most of the steel used for roof truss is recovered from the construction site; The wood board used is made of sawdust and broken wood plus 20% polyethylene; Old newspapers and cartons have become the main raw materials for roofs and are used as insulation materials for walls. The headquarters of the National Resources Defense Council of the United States is a green office, with recycled materials of waste and recycled materials as the main materials. Its walls are made of wheat straw, and after high-tech treatment, the floor is made of waste glass, and the desk is made of waste newspapers and bean dregs. In addition, it has large windows, which make the office very bright and can save electricity by 30%. Japan 1997 built an experimental "healthy house". In addition to using building materials that are harmless to the human body as far as possible, the wall is also designed as a double-layer structure, and each room is provided with vents, and the air in the whole house system is recycled by using a total heat exchanger and a dehumidifier. The total heat exchanger can effectively recover heat and reuse it, and its filter can effectively collect fine dust in the air, thus inhibiting the reproduction of allergic organisms such as mold. The recycling of this resource not only turns waste into treasure, but also reduces environmental pollution sources and saves energy.

2. New energy development and utilization

German architect Sedo? Tehols built a solar house that can track the sun. The house is mounted on a disc base, and a small solar motor drives a set of gears. The building base rotates with the sun at a speed of 3 cm per minute on a circular track. When the sun goes down, the house will turn in the opposite direction and return to the starting position. It consumes only 1% of the solar energy generated by the house, and absorbs twice as much solar energy as the general solar house that can't rotate. There are also houses with zero energy consumption in Germany, and the required energy 100% depends on solar energy. The plane of the zero-energy residential building facing south is designed as a fan-shaped plane, which can obtain higher solar radiation energy. The wall is made of lime-sand bricks, thermal insulation materials and decorative materials, which has good heat storage capacity. Sunlight passes through the heat insulation material, and heat is stored in the lime-sand brick wall. The house is heated by the sun through the window during the day, and by heat insulation materials and sand brick walls at night.

3. Paper architecture

Using paper as structural material can not only reduce the weight of buildings, speed up construction and reduce costs; Moreover, after the building is demolished, the paper can be reused, which is also conducive to saving resources and protecting the environment. At present, there are some temporary and semi-temporary buildings made of paper structures in the world. The paper tower located somewhere in Switzerland is a meaningful example of light building. Outer diameter of paper tower 13m, height 33m. Built in 1992, it has become a local landmark in Switzerland. The whole tower is made of 79.26% cardboard, 20.22% wood and 0.52% steel. It opens up a "green" channel for the use of degradable materials in buildings, so it is known as a "green building" model. In the 2000 World Expo, the Japan Pavilion was a temporary paper building used during the World Expo, and most of the materials can be recycled after the World Expo. It pays attention to the characteristics of materials and structures and the protection of resources and environment. It is made of recycled paper with an arched tube structure, made of a paper tube with a thickness of 12.5cm, and the arched roof and wall are also made of fabric and paper film. Curator 72m, width 32m, highest point 15.5m, area 3600m2. During the day, natural light is filtered through translucent paper windows to form a soft and pleasant indoor light environment; At night, the paper window is the "screen" of magical light and shadow. In the Expo Pavilion, natural light shines indoors through the roof made of waterproof fabric and paper film, creating a space environment full of Japanese style. The Japan Pavilion reflects the Japanese people's general understanding of ecology and environment. The significance of this paper structure lies not only in environmental protection and energy saving, but also in providing a quick way to solve the human living problem.

Second, the basic situation of building energy consumption in China

China's building energy consumption accounts for about 1/4 of the national total energy consumption, ranking first in energy consumption. In recent years, China's construction industry has developed rapidly, and construction and implementation require a lot of energy, especially the heating and air conditioning of buildings. According to statistics, in 1994, the energy consumption of residential buildings in China was 1.54× 108t standard coal, accounting for12.27x109t standard coal. At present, only urban buildings consume1.3x108t standard coal for heating every year, accounting for about 1 1.5% of the total energy consumption in China and more than 20% of the total social energy consumption in heating areas. In some severe cold areas, the energy consumption of urban buildings is as high as about 50% of the local social energy consumption [1]. At the same time, the natural and ecological environment around buildings is deteriorating due to the massive burning of mineral energy such as coal. In the process of energy utilization, fossil fuels will emit pollutants into the atmosphere when burning. During the combustion of fossil fuels, 99% of nitrogen oxides, 99% of carbon monoxide, 96% of sulfur dioxide, 78% of carbon dioxide, 60% of dust and 43% of hydrocarbons are produced, of which coal is the majority. SO2 accounts for 87%, nitrogen oxides account for 67%, CO2 accounts for 765,438+0%, and soot accounts for 60%[2]. As China is a country that mainly consumes high-quality energy such as coal rather than oil and gas, it emits carbon dioxide into the earth's atmosphere every year, second only to the United States. It is predicted that by 2020, China will replace the United States as the world's largest emitter of carbon dioxide. Therefore, China bears great responsibility for global warming, and as a big energy-consuming country, its energy conservation has become a major issue related to the national economy and people's livelihood.

Compared with developed countries, China's energy-saving work started late, and the energy waste is very serious. For example, the heat consumption of building heating in China: the external wall is generally 4 ~ 5 times that of developed countries with similar climatic conditions, the roof is 2.5 ~ 5.5 times, and the external window is 1.5 ~ 2.2 times; The air permeability of doors and windows is 3 ~ 6 times; The total energy consumption is 3 ~ 4 times [4]. If high-energy buildings are allowed to flourish, the growth rate of building energy consumption will far exceed the possible growth rate of China's energy production, and it is difficult for the country's energy production to support this wasteful demand for a long time, so it will be necessary to organize large-scale energy-saving renovation of old houses, which will consume more manpower and material resources. In addition, tens of millions of new and rebuilt buildings consume billions of tons of trees, bricks and mineral materials every year, which leads to excessive deforestation and massive exploitation of material resources, land destruction, vegetation degradation, species reduction and natural environment deterioration.

Third, several ways to save energy

1. wall energy saving

Wall is the main body of building envelope, and the thermal insulation efficiency of the materials used directly affects the heat consumption of the building. In China, solid clay bricks are used as wall materials, and the thermal insulation efficiency can not meet the design standards. Therefore, on the premise of energy saving, the technology of hollow brick wall and its composite wall should be further popularized.

2. Energy-saving doors and windows

External doors and windows are the weakest parts of residential energy consumption, and their energy consumption accounts for a large proportion of the total energy consumption of residential buildings, in which the heat transfer loss is 1/3 and the cold air penetration is 1/3. Therefore, under the condition of ensuring the requirements of sunshine, lighting, ventilation and viewing, we should reduce the area of external doors and windows as much as possible, improve the air tightness of external doors and windows, reduce the infiltration of cold air, and improve the thermal insulation efficiency of external doors and windows. Its energy-saving measures are:

(1) Control the window-wall ratio of residential buildings.

(2) Improve the air tightness of residential exterior windows and reduce cold air infiltration.

(3) Improve the thermal insulation efficiency of residential doors and windows.

(4) Set the "temperature damping zone".

3. Roof energy saving

After continuously improving the thermal insulation efficiency of building exterior walls and windows, it is necessary to further strengthen the research on roof thermal insulation. The key points of roof energy-saving measures are as follows: firstly, the roof insulation layer should not use high-density and high-thermal conductivity insulation materials; Secondly, insulation materials with high water absorption rate should not be used in the roof insulation layer to prevent the insulation effect from being reduced due to a large amount of water absorption when the roof is wet. Now, efficient thermal insulation materials have been applied to the roof. In some buildings, the traditional asphalt perlite or cement perlite is replaced by expanded perlite insulation core board, which overcomes many shortcomings of the traditional practice. The thermal insulation core board has the advantages of convenient construction, low price and no environmental pollution; Core board is a flexible product, which is not only suitable for flat roof, but also suitable for curved roof, and its thermal insulation project can better reflect its advantages.

Use solar energy

The solar radiation energy intercepted by the earth is equivalent to 1500 times of the current global electricity consumption. However, under the existing technical and economic conditions, the solar energy available for development and utilization only accounts for a small part of the theoretical resources. Therefore, the development and utilization of solar energy has great potential. The utilization of solar energy in buildings mainly includes passive solar heating, solar hot water supply, active solar heating and air conditioning and solar power generation. China is rich in solar energy resources, and the annual solar radiation energy received by the land is equivalent to 2.4× 10 12tec. If we make full use of solar energy, it is possible to save a lot of conventional energy, and it is also possible to make full use of solar energy for heating in some areas.

5. Ventilation at night

The principle of night ventilation method is to introduce outdoor cold air at night, and cool the building materials by contacting and exchanging heat with the building maintenance structure as a heat storage material, so as to achieve the purpose of cold storage. In summer, in order to obtain a comfortable indoor environment, air conditioning and refrigeration systems are needed. At this time, because the outdoor air temperature at night is much lower than during the day, the outdoor cold air at night can be used as a good natural cold source. Strictly speaking, as long as the outdoor air temperature is lower than the indoor air temperature, the outdoor cold air at this time can be regarded as an available natural cold source.

Energy-saving technology of building energy-saving renovation and what are the existing building renovation tasks in China during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period?

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During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, more than 400 million square meters of heating metering and energy-saving renovation of existing residential buildings in northern heating areas, 50 million square meters of heating metering and energy-saving renovation of existing residential buildings in hot summer and cold winter areas, and 60 million square meters of heating metering and energy-saving renovation of public buildings will be completed;

Main contents of energy-saving transformation of existing buildings

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Thermal insulation renovation of external walls, roofs, external doors and windows, etc.

Renovation of household heat metering and household temperature control in heating system;

Energy-saving transformation of heat source (boiler room or heating station) and heating pipe network;

It involves building renovation, functional upgrading and comprehensive energy-saving transformation of renewable energy utilization.

Standard documents related to energy-saving renovation of existing buildings

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Main evaluation criteria

Green Assessment Standard for Renovation of Existing Buildings (in progress)

Main design criteria

Technical code for energy-saving renovation of buildings (JGJ 176-2009)

Technical specification for energy-saving renovation of existing residential buildings

Standard for Design of Masonry Reinforcement (GB 50702)

Technical Specification for Foundation Reinforcement of Existing Buildings (JJ123-2000)

Technical specification for seismic strengthening of buildings JGJ 1 16

JGJ Code for Survey and Design of Civil Building Reconstruction Project 1 17

What are the methods and measures for building energy saving to avoid standby of household appliances? (1) Many people turn off the TV with the remote control for convenience, but they don't know that this is just to let the TV stand by and still consume a lot of power. The reporter learned from the Resources Department of Hebei Provincial Development and Reform Commission that all kinds of household appliances are in standby state for a long time, which will consume a lot of electricity. Take the TV set as an example. On average, each TV stands by for 2 hours every day, and the standby power consumption is 0.02 kWh. There are 350 million TV sets in China, and the annual standby power consumption is as high as 2.555 billion kWh, which is equivalent to the sum of the annual power generation of several large thermal power plants. In layman's terms, standby refers to turning off the remote control without turning off the electrical switch or power supply. At present, most household appliances have standby function, and the power consumption of each household appliance in standby state is generally about 10% of its starting power, which is about 5 watts-15 watts. The standby energy consumption of TV, air conditioner, stereo and microwave oven owned by ordinary families of urban residents is equivalent to turning on a 30-50 watt ever-burning lamp. According to statistics, the monthly standby power consumption of household appliances reaches 20-40 degrees for urban residents with high household appliance penetration rate. It can be said that in daily life, behind the temporary convenience, it has caused waste. So try not to leave home appliances in standby state, but turn off the electrical switch or completely turn off the power supply. How to use energy-saving lamps correctly (2) Energy-saving lamps are energy-saving products that people often use at home. So how to use energy-saving lamps correctly to achieve the best energy-saving effect? Journalists have recently reformed from national development. ...

What are the building energy-saving materials? (a) new energy-saving wall and roof insulation technology and materials;

(2) Heat preservation and sealing technology for energy-saving doors and windows;

(three) centralized heating and heat, electricity and cold co-production technology;

(four) heating system temperature control and household heat metering technology and device;

(five) solar energy, geothermal and other renewable energy application technologies and devices;

(six) building lighting energy-saving technologies and products;

(7) Energy-saving technologies and products for air conditioning and refrigeration;

(eight) other energy-saving technologies and energy-saving management technologies with mature technologies and remarkable effects.

What are the methods of building energy saving? Methods of building energy saving. Specific search: Jiang Yu, appraiser of energy conservation and emission reduction

What are the building energy-saving measures? Enclosure and lighting system

? Exterior wall, roof and other opaque parts: improve heat preservation efficiency and reduce energy consumption of heating and air conditioning system; Adopt a green roof.

? Windows: sunshade and heat insulation; Natural lighting reduces building lighting energy consumption; In the transitional season, open the window for natural ventilation.

? Lighting system: optimize and control the lighting system in combination with the natural lighting of windows; Personnel sensor, so as to "turn off the lights when people leave".

? Internal and external shading: improve shading efficiency and reduce the load of air conditioning system. Optimal design control of shading and natural lighting

Prevent glare

Cold and heat source system

? Select the appropriate capacity and quantity of cold and heat sources to ensure the efficient execution of the units: most units are executed under variable working conditions, and if the efficiency of partial load execution is improved, the energy-saving effect will be very obvious.

? Select efficient equipment (cold and heat sources, pumps, fans and accessories): optimize and evaluate the efficiency, price, maintenance cost and benefit of equipment.

? Natural energy (solar energy, geothermal energy, groundwater or surface water): the solar hot water system adopts groundwater or surface water and closed cooling tower.

? Water (ice) cold storage technology and water heat storage technology: local electricity price difference and benefit

? Heat recovery technology (waste gas, waste gas, condensed water, cooling water and sewage, etc.). ): Recover the available waste heat and waste heat.

? Seasonal cold storage: a cold storage or freezer, etc.

conveying system

? Water system is used to transport cold and heat sources: compared with the all-air system, the transportation efficiency is higher and more energy-saving.

? Increase the temperature difference of conveying and reduce the conveying flow: the energy-saving effect is obvious, and the temperature of conveying refrigerant can be reduced by using cold storage.

? Variable flow technology: variable frequency fan or variable frequency water pump

? Air-conditioning system design: The design shall conform to the actual implementation. Pipeline layout should be flat, smooth and straight to reduce pipeline resistance.

? Heat preservation and sealing of conveying pipeline: adopt the best insulation layer thickness to ensure the sealing of pipeline connection.

Air conditioning system

? VRV system: it is convenient to manage and divide the slot domain.

? Fan coil unit+fresh air system: easy to manage and divide the tank area.

? All-air system (VAV system): divide the water tank reasonably to reduce the energy consumption of its fans.

? Improving the quality of fresh air: reducing the fresh air volume of the system

? Reuse of system exhaust air: the system exhaust air is used as air supply for machine room, parking lot or cooling tower.

control system

? Personnel induction: reduce the lighting energy consumption when the room is empty, and automatically control and start the VRV system.

? Optimal proportion of equipment (quantity control and capacity configuration): load matching and quantity control in operation.

? Optimal startup time and execution time: optimize startup execution time and cold machine execution parameters.

? Set the best air supply parameters (air supply volume and air supply state): improve the efficiency of the cooler.

? According to the climate change (forecast), the best implementation strategy is set: the energy saving effect is remarkable, and the best indoor quality is guaranteed.

? Program set temperature: automatically adjust the set temperature of indoor air conditioner according to indoor use.

What are the ways to realize building energy saving? How to find the answer and realize building energy saving;

First, the application of external wall thermal insulation technology. When the outdoor temperature is the same, the indoor temperature of the house with external wall insulation is less affected by the environment, which is not only conducive to building energy saving, but also increases the comfort of the house. Young architects in Switzerland once opposed external wall thermal insulation, thinking that this technology prevented architects from better expressing the beauty of different wall materials. But at present, they have begun to like the design method of external wall insulation, and the new technology has given them more room to display and become their new opportunities and challenges.

Third, attention should be paid to the closed envelope and mechanical ventilation device with heat recovery device. The sealing of enclosure structure is very obvious for energy saving. If the temperature is adjusted in a closed room, more energy will be used for heating. If the air temperature brought by the ventilation device is close to the indoor temperature, the electric energy consumption of the air conditioning system can be saved by 60%.

Fourth, we should pay attention to the coupling of indoor environment. A study in Switzerland shows that a normal human body has 100 watt of energy. How to use the energy of human body to make indoor temperature more suitable for human body temperature needs attention. On-site renovation and on-site implementation 1980 The annual energy consumption of Swiss buildings is 20 liters per square meter. The annual energy consumption of many renovated buildings and new buildings is only 4 liters, while in China, the figure is currently 30 liters. The task of lifting from 30 to 4 liters is very arduous.

The above contents are compiled according to the problems encountered by the students in their actual work for reference. If in doubt, please communicate and correct in time.

What are the new methods of building energy saving? This question is a bit vague. Try to answer it:

Building energy efficiency mainly includes: wall masonry materials, wall and roof insulation, building external windows and other energy-saving indicators.

It also includes electric lighting energy saving, building shape coefficient and so on.

What are the sub-projects of building energy conservation? 1, the main structural foundation of wall energy-saving project; Thermal insulation material; Decorative layer, etc

2, curtain wall energy-saving project main structure at the grass-roots level; Thermal insulation material; Thermal insulation material; Steam barrier; Curtain wall glass; Unit curtain wall plate; Ventilation system; Shading facilities; Condensate collection and drainage system, etc.

3, doors and windows energy-saving engineering door; Windows; Glass; Shading facilities, etc

4, roof base energy-saving project; Thermal insulation layer; Protective layer; Waterproof layer; Surface layer, etc

5, the ground grass-roots energy-saving project; Insulating layer; Protective layer; Surface layer, etc

6, heating energy-saving engineering system standards; Radiator; Valves and instruments; Hot inlet device; Thermal insulation material; Debugging, etc

7, ventilation and air conditioning energy-saving engineering system standards; Ventilation and air conditioning equipment; Valves and instruments; Thermal insulation material; Debugging, etc

8, air conditioning heating system cold and heat sources and pipe network energy-saving engineering system standards; Cold and heat source device; Auxiliary equipment; Pipe network; Valves and instruments; Adiabatic; Thermal insulation material; Debugging, etc

9. Low-voltage power supply for power distribution and lighting energy-saving projects; Lighting sources and lamps; Accessory equipment; Control function; Debugging, etc

10, monitoring system for cold and heat source system of energy-saving project; Air conditioning water system monitoring system; Monitoring system of ventilation and air conditioning system; Monitoring and metering device; Power supply and distribution monitoring system; Automatic lighting control system; Integrated control system, etc

What measures are there for energy saving in civil engineering buildings? 1. Raise awareness of building energy efficiency.

It is necessary to improve the understanding of building energy conservation under the basic concept of people-oriented. The understanding of building energy efficiency can not only stay in the past one-sided understanding stage, but should improve the understanding of building energy efficiency from an all-round perspective. To correct the past energy-saving buildings, it is to reduce the quality of buildings and simple houses to a certain extent, because building energy-saving is not only to reduce the waste of raw materials in the construction process to a certain extent, but also to ensure that the comfort of the house and the sense of livability of people cannot be reduced, so the result of building is to give up everything. Therefore, our ultimate goal is to control the use of raw materials and resources as much as possible without lowering the housing standards, and finally achieve the goal of not damaging people-oriented and reducing the waste of resources to a certain extent.

2. There must be a perfect management concept and corresponding mechanism.

Because the development of building energy efficiency in China is relatively late, there will be many problems in the implementation process of building energy efficiency. In order to improve this situation, we must have a perfect management concept and corresponding mechanism. This requires the contractor to coordinate with the * * * department. From the * * * department, it is necessary to strengthen support for building energy-saving materials and encourage the use of building energy-saving materials. In addition, we should also help the legislative department, because the participation of the legislative department can properly manage the building energy-saving industry to a certain extent and promote the development of the building energy-saving industry. At the same time, we can learn from the advanced ideas of foreign building energy-saving industries, but the premise must be combined with our actual situation, so as to accelerate the development process of building energy-saving in China.

3. Keep up with the trend of the times and update the technology.

At this stage, while learning from the advanced ideas of foreign building energy-saving industry, we must match them in hardware, otherwise the same effect cannot be achieved. Therefore, we must speed up the updating of existing technologies in order to catch up with advanced foreign technologies and concepts as soon as possible. We can't learn from the advanced ideas of foreign building energy-saving industries and ignore the technological innovation of building energy-saving based on the basic situation of China. We must adhere to the two-legged approach, one is to learn from and modify the advanced concepts of foreign building energy-saving industries, and the other is to develop technological innovation of building energy-saving based on China's basic status quo, so as to rapidly improve building quality and efficiency to a certain extent and achieve the purpose of energy conservation and emission reduction. In addition, in the process of using high-performance materials, they must be used reasonably and effectively. Finally, in the construction process, we should put an end to the use of polluting materials, reasonably discharge harmful substances, and realize the effective use of clean energy.