Which crops in the twenty-four solar terms are suitable for sowing in which solar terms?

In climatology, spring refers to the spring when the daily average temperature is stable at 10℃~22℃ for five consecutive days. According to this standard, spring in northern Zhejiang generally begins in early April. In recent years, with the climate warming, spring has come ahead of schedule.

China has a vast territory and complex terrain. As for the days in beginning of spring, there are great differences from place to place, with the earliest spring in all parts of South China. In this solar term, the average daily temperature in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is 3~4℃ and the rainfall is 20 ~ 30mm. Clear ditches and drain water in wheat fields to prevent waterlogging. Rape topdressing, drainage, intertillage weeding, and reapplication of moss fertilizer.

Rain: (2. 19)

Last winter and this spring, the temperature rose, the humidity increased, and the rainy days and rainfall in the south of the Yangtze River increased obviously, which is really worthy of the name. But the weather in early spring is hot and cold and changeable.

In this solar term, the average daily temperature in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is 5~7℃, and the precipitation is 30 ~ 40mm. At that time, wheat gradually entered the jointing and booting stage, watching seedlings fertilize, clearing ditches and draining water, and strengthening rape field management.

Stunned: (3.5)

Weather proverb: the sun is dizzy in the middle of the night and the moon is dizzy at noon (Shanghai); I was shocked to hear the thunder, and it rained for a month (Zhejiang, Shandong); When is the sting and when is the turn (gan)

In this solar term, the average daily temperature in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is 7~9℃, and the precipitation is 30 ~ 40mm. The management of fertilizer and water should be strengthened in wheat fields, and soil moisture should be divided into five types, namely, aqua regia, black moisture, yellow moisture, dry and wet soil (dry soil), seedling raising, irrigation and water saving.

Application of coated fertilizer in rape. Early rice is ready to raise seedlings and plant trees.

Vernal equinox: (3.20/3.2 1)

The sun shines directly on the equator, and the global day and night time are almost equal.

In this solar term, the average daily temperature in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is 8~ 12℃, and the precipitation is 40 ~ 60mm.

From the south to the north on both sides of the Yangtze River, early rice has been soaked to accelerate germination, raised with plastic film (to prevent cold wave), and planted with cold tail and warm head to grab eyeballs. Continue to manage wheat and rape, do a good job in afforestation, improve and protect the ecological environment, and adjust the climate.

Qingming: (4.5)

The Yellow River Basin in China has melted ice and snow, lush vegetation and fresh and natural air, which is suitable for outing. According to climate analysis, the temperature is rising further. If controlled by the warm air mass, the highest temperature in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai and Anhui can rise above 25℃ when the weather gets warmer, and the lowest temperature can drop below 5' and 1 when affected by strong cold air. Therefore, the first cold return is still the main feature of this solar term.

Judging from the rainfall, there is no rainfall in this solar term, with an average rainfall of 60~70 mm and an average temperature of 12~ 15℃. Both the north and south of the Yangtze River have entered the busy farming season. Early and middle rice are sown one after another, wheat is jointing, rape is flowering, and field management cannot be relaxed. Sow corn and peanuts.

Grain Rain: (4.20)

After Tomb-Sweeping Day, the rainfall increased, which was beneficial to grain growth. But in some years, it doesn't rain at this time, and even from Tomb-Sweeping Day to long summer, there is a spring drought, which has a great impact on agricultural production.

Overwintering crops need rain to help them turn green and jointing; Spring sowing crops need rain after sowing to ensure high emergence rate. Generally, the rainfall in this solar term is 70 ~ 80mm, and the daily average temperature is 14~ 18℃. At this time, it is the busy season for rural areas to prepare for wheat cutting, rice transplanting and cotton planting.

Long summer: (5.5)

In late spring, when the new summer comes back, everything grows and flourishes. But according to the classification of meteorology, the standard control in summer is to wait for the temperature (No.5) to be higher than 22℃. At this time, only the south really enters summer.

In some areas, the four seasons are not obvious, such as the north of Aihui, Heilongjiang, and the alpine region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, where there is no summer at all. Long summer reflected by the long summer solar terms mainly refers to the area south of the Yellow River.

At this time, the daily average temperature in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is 19~22℃, and the solar term rainfall is 90 ~110mm. The flower crops should be harvested in time when they enter the yellow maturity stage in spring. After the long summer, Zhejiang will enter the rainy season, and the rainy season is about to begin. It is necessary to prepare for flood control.

Xiaoman: (5.20)

"Xiaoman" means that the wheat crops in the Yellow River valley are full and immature, so it is called Xiaoman. However, at this time, the spring flower seeds in Zhejiang are full and mature, and the countryside is busy harvesting.

At this time, the average daily temperature in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is 20~23℃, and the solar term rainfall is 50~70 mm, which is slightly less than before and after the solar term. However, South China has gradually entered the rainy season.

The summer grain in the north and south of the great river has matured one after another, and it is harvested in the Qingming period. Late-stage management of wheat fields should be strengthened in northern China. Spring corn, sorghum, intertillage, weeding and ridging are particularly important.

Mango species: (6.5)

Awn is the fine hair at the tip of grain; Wheat, barley and other crops with awns have matured, and the intense summer harvest has begun. At the same time, it is the busy season of summer sowing, so the mango seed is also called "busy planting".

There is also a folk saying that "Spring competes for the sun, while summer competes for the time", "Xiaotian pursues the sky, while mango seeds pursue the sky" and "When the wheat is ripe, Longkou will seize the grain". At this time, the average daily temperature in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is 23~25℃, and the solar term rainfall is 50~90 mm. ..

It is necessary to pay close attention to the management of early rice cultivation, timely cultivate and bake fields to raise soil temperature, and pay attention to pest control. Sow late rice at the right time.

Summer solstice: (6.22)

The sun shines directly on the Tropic of Cancer, and the daytime in the northern hemisphere is the longest all year round.

There are 18 hours in Beijing during the day. Later, the days began to shorten. But it is not the hottest time yet. The temperature difference between north and south of China is very small, but it is 10℃. The rainfall in most years is above 100 mm, and the average daily temperature is 24~28℃.

It is necessary to seize the opportunity of strengthening field management in summer, remove weeds in time and control pests and diseases.

Slight summer heat (7.7)

"It's not hot in the summer, but it's hot for several days." July is the month with the strongest summer monsoon, and the subtropical high covers the south of the Yangtze River. The normal situation is that high temperature and little rain are the main characteristics.

The daily average temperature is 28~3 1℃, and the rainfall decreases, generally 60 ~ 80 mm.

Little summer is facing a turning point of plum flood and drought. While doing a good job in flood control, all localities should grasp the weather forecast information in time, strengthen water storage and drought prevention, and strive to achieve both flood control and drought relief.

High temperature in summer: (7.22 degrees)

Most parts of the country are hot in summer, and this solar term applies to the whole country. Judging from the rainfall, the rainy season in the north has arrived and the rainfall has increased. Plum rains in the Yangtze River basin ended, summer drought rose, and it was sunny and hot with little rain.

In South China, the southeast monsoon brings water vapor over the South China Sea at this time, and the rainfall is still relatively high. In this solar term, the rainfall in northern Zhejiang is 20~50 mm, and the daily average temperature is 27~3 1℃, which is the highest time in the whole year. The growth rate of thermophilic crops has reached its peak. It is necessary to strengthen the management of water and fertilizer in the field. Late rice should be transplanted before beginning of autumn.

Beginning of autumn: (8.7)

The real autumn in the Yellow River basin is about a month and a half later than that in beginning of autumn, and that in the Yangtze River basin is one and a half to two months later. Jiangnan is still controlled by subtropical high, and the heat accumulated on the earth cannot be dissipated in a fashion, so there is also the summer heat of autumn tiger. Summer drought often happens to rainy teenagers.

The daily average temperature is 29~27℃, and it begins to drop. The rainfall is 80~ 100 mm, which is unevenly distributed. Late rice should be cultivated and weeded, and irrigated in case of drought. Grasp the autumn sowing. Cotton topping promotes the development of autumn peach (cotton).

High temperature in summer: (8.23 degrees)

Some places in the south of the Yangtze River are still relatively hot, so there is a saying that "it is not summer in the heat, but beginning of autumn is in summer". At this time, the average daily temperature in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is 25 ~ 27℃;

Cold and warm air began to meet again in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and entered the autumn rain period. The topic is 80 ~120 mm. At this time, late rice is in a critical period of growth.

Millennium: (9.7)

The temperature drop across the country has accelerated and the weather has turned cold. "The Millennium is divided into autumn nights, and it is cool all night." With the change of monsoon, sunshine becomes shorter and weaker, and cold air begins to move south. Autumn is crisp in most parts of the country, and even the average daily temperature in southwest China has dropped below 22℃. At this time, the average daily temperature in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is 2 1 ~ 24, and the rainfall is 70~90 mm.

Cotton is picked in batches, and the field management of autumn corn and other crops is strengthened in the later stage.

Equinox: (9.23)

The direct point of the sun returned to the equator, and the world was divided equally day and night. From the climatological point of view, after the autumnal equinox, the cold air activity in the north becomes increasingly active, and sometimes a northwest wind can blow away the summer heat and usher in the cool autumn.

According to the perennial law, autumn in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai is from the end of September to the beginning of 10. Autumn falls in the middle and late August in most parts of Northeast China and Xinjiang, and in the middle of September in the lower reaches of the Yellow River. The land in South China will feel cool in autumn from the end of 10 to10.

Continue to do a good job in field management of late rice. Cotton seed selection and flower picking. Winter wheat and rape should be prepared before sowing.

Cold dew: (10.8)

At this time, the thermal power of cold air in the north is enhanced, and most parts of China are controlled by cold high pressure. At the end of the rainy season, it is sunny in Wan Li, with warm days and cool nights, and large daily temperature difference, which is beneficial to late rice.

At this time, the daily average temperature in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is 16~ 19℃, and the rainfall continues to decrease, about15 ~ 30 mm. The cold dew solar term is the suitable period for direct seeding rape in the Yangtze River basin, and winter wheat is planted in Jiangbei area.

First frost: (10.23)

From the Yellow River basin, the first frost generally appears at the end of 10, which is very consistent with the solar terms of the first frost. There is a great difference in the number of first frost days in different parts of the country, such as Changchun in the northeast, and the first frost in the autumn equinox, while Guangzhou in the south is usually rare. Even if there is, the first frost will not be seen until the winter solstice.

At this time, the daily average temperature in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River is 14~ 16℃, and the rainfall is 20 ~ 30 mm. It is necessary to strengthen the cultivation and management of rape and garden vegetables. The accumulation of forest fire prevention funds should also be implemented as soon as possible.

Beginning of winter: (1 1.7)

The freezing date of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River is11~1,which is consistent with beginning of winter, but in the Yangtze River valley, the real winter is about half a month later than beginning of winter.

On the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, it is "cotton in summer in June, and it is cold all the year round"; Near the Tropic of Cancer from Guangzhou to Nanning, there are few days in winter. Xia Wudong, Governor of Hainan.

Therefore, this solar term in beginning of winter does not apply to the whole country. The average daily temperature in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is 10~ 13℃ and the rainfall is 20 ~ 40mm. Do a good job in harvesting and drying late rice. Do a good job of sweeping up the winter wheat sowing.

Xiaoxue: (1 1.22)

Due to the thermal enhancement of cold air in the north, the temperature drops rapidly.

The Yellow River basin is in the light snow solar term, and it usually starts to snow. As far as the whole country is concerned, the average snowfall in the Yangtze River basin is in the middle and late February; The first snow in Northeast China should be advanced to1before the beginning of October165438+; In the south of Fuzhou, Liuzhou and Baise, it doesn't snow all year round.

At this time, the daily average temperature in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is 7~ 10℃, and the snowfall (rain)10 ~ 20 mm. Do a good job in keeping livestock warm and wintering.

Heavy snow: (12.7)

At this time, there was snow on the ground. The number of snow days in 65438+February in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River is twice or even four times that in165438+1October.

The daily average temperature in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River dropped to 5~8℃, and the snowfall (rain)10 ~ 20 mm. It is necessary to strengthen the field management of spring flowers such as winter wheat and rape.

Winter solstice: (12.22)

The sun shines directly near the tropic of Capricorn, and the daytime in the northern hemisphere is the shortest; After that, the position of direct sunlight moved backward and the days became longer. "After the winter, a needle came out, but it crossed the long line".

At this time, the cold air in the north is powerful, which indicates that winter is coming and the coldest season is coming. The average daily temperature in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is 2~5℃, and the snowfall (rain)10 ~ 30 mm.. Strengthen the field management of winter wheat, rape and other spring flowers.

Slight cold: (1.6)

In addition to its own periodic changes, climate change is also influenced by many factors, such as the depth, breadth and intensity of human activities, abnormal atmospheric circulation, smoke and dust from volcanic eruptions and so on.

As a result, the warm winter phenomenon of 14 years appeared continuously in the past. In this solar term, the average daily temperature in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is 1~3℃, and the area north of the Yangtze River is below 0℃. Snowfall (rain)10 ~ 30 mm.

Severe cold: (1.2 1)

This time is really the coldest season in a year of "cold weather", and then beginning of spring with "three-point water heating". The daily average temperature 1~3℃ and snowfall (rain) 10 ~ 30mm in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

Main farming activities: storing and making fertilizer, repairing water conservancy in winter, starting greening and planting trees, and cleaning and transforming fish ponds.

The twenty-four solar terms of the lunar calendar is a supplementary calendar for guiding farming in ancient China, and it is the crystallization of long-term experience and wisdom of working people in ancient China.

The 24 solar terms are: beginning of spring, Rain, Sting, Equinox, Qingming, Grain Rain, Changxia, Xiaoman, Mangzhong, Summer Solstice, Xiaoxia, Daxia, beginning of autumn, Chushu, Bailu, Autumn Equinox, Cold Dew, First Frost, beginning of winter, Light Snow, Heavy Snow, Winter Solstice, Slight Cold and Severe Cold.

As early as the Spring and Autumn Period, the ancient sages of China set four solar terms, namely midsummer, midsummer, midsummer and winter solstice, and constantly improved and perfected them. By the Qin and Han Dynasties, the 24 solar terms had been completely established.

The intangible cultural heritage of the twenty-four solar terms of the lunar calendar is very rich, including related proverbs, ballads and legends, traditional production tools, household appliances, handicrafts, calligraphy and painting, and China festival culture, production ceremonies and folk customs closely related to the festival.

Twenty-four solar terms are the concrete expression of ancient agricultural civilization in China, which has high research value of agricultural history and culture.

On May 20th, 2006, with the approval of the State Council, the 24 solar terms declared by china agricultural museum were included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.

24 solar terms can be divided into the following three categories according to different phenomena:

The first category reflects the seasons. The vernal equinox (vernal equinox, autumnal equinox), vernal equinox (summer solstice, winter solstice) and vernal equinox (beginning of spring, Changchun, beginning of autumn and beginning of winter) are used to represent seasons, and a year is divided into four seasons.

The bisector and solstice are the turning points of the solar height change. Because it is divided from an astronomical point of view, it is applicable to all regions of China. Standing four times is not necessarily the case.

Although it also reflects the beginning of the season from the astronomical point of view, due to China's vast territory, the monsoon and continental climate are extremely significant, and the climate varies greatly from place to place, the start date and duration of the four seasons are not the same, some areas have distinct seasons, some areas are not obvious, and even the whole season does not appear.

For example, in the alpine region north of Aihui, there is no summer on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. There is a saying on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: "There is still cotton in June and summer, and it is mostly cold all year round." There is no winter in southern Fuzhou, South China. In some areas, it is almost summer all the year round. It's really "when winter goes and spring comes, the grass will not wither and spring will come to bloom". It's always summer, and when it rains, it becomes autumn.

Yunnan, Guizhou and other plateaus are another scene. Winter is short and there is no summer. Kunming is known as "four seasons like spring". Therefore, although it is divided from astronomy, it has a strong regional nature and cannot adapt to the whole country.

The second category reflects climate characteristics. There are five solar terms that directly reflect the summer heat: slight summer heat, great summer heat, summer heat, slight cold and severe cold, which are used to indicate the degree of cold and summer heat in different periods of the year and the imminent passing of the summer heat. There are four solar terms that directly reflect the precipitation phenomenon: rain, Grain Rain, light snow and heavy snow, indicating the time and intensity of rainfall and snowfall.

In addition, although the three solar terms, White Dew, Cold Dew and First Frost, are the phenomena of water vapor condensation and condensation, they also reflect the process of gradual temperature drop and the degree of cooling in each solar term.

First, the temperature began to drop, and more water vapor condensed; After that, the temperature dropped even more, not only exposed to the sun, but also cooled down, but it was not frozen; Finally, the temperature drops below zero degrees Celsius, and the water vapor condenses into frost. From the perspective of agricultural production, these three solar terms are concrete and vivid, with their heat meaning greater than their water meaning.

The third category reflects phenological phenomena. Xiaoman and awn species reflect the maturity and harvest of related crops; Frightening and Qingming reflect natural phenology, especially stinging. It uses the first thunder in the sky and the revival of underground stinging insects to inform everything in the world that spring is coming back to the earth.

Extended data

The naming of the 24 solar terms reflects the seasons, climate phenomena and climate changes.

Beginning of spring, vernal equinox, long summer, summer solstice, beginning of autumn, autumnal equinox, beginning of winter and winter solstice are eight solar terms.

There are five solar terms symbolizing temperature change: slight summer heat, great summer heat, summer heat, slight cold and severe cold;

Reflecting precipitation are: rain, Grain Rain, Bailu, cold dew, first frost, light snow and heavy snow;

The solar terms reflecting phenological phenomena or agricultural activities are: fright, Qingming, Xiaoman and Mang.

The vernal equinox, autumnal equinox, summer solstice and winter solstice are divided from an astronomical point of view, reflecting the turning point of solar height change.

Beginning of spring, Changchun, beginning of autumn and beginning of winter reflect the beginning of the four seasons. Because China is a vast country with a very obvious monsoon and continental climate, the weather and climate vary greatly from place to place, so the four seasons in different regions are also very different.

The three solar terms, White Dew, Cold Dew and First Frost, on the surface reflect the phenomenon of water vapor condensation, but in essence, they reflect the process and degree of gradual temperature drop.

Frightening and Qingming reflect natural phenological phenomena, especially stinging, which indicates that spring will return with the recovery of early thunder in the sky and underground stinging insects.

Pay attention to the naming of the 24 solar terms.

Twenty-four solar terms reflect the apparent movement of the sun in one year, so the dates of solar terms are basically fixed in the current Gregorian calendar, with the first half of the year being 6 days and 2 1, and the second half being 8 days and 23 days, with a difference of 1 ~ 2 days.

"Li" is the beginning of all seasons, and four "Li" in spring, summer, autumn and winter are the beginning of four solar terms.

Beginning of spring, Changsha, beginning of autumn and beginning of winter are also called "four seasons". The Gregorian calendar is generally around February 4th, May 5th, August 7th and165438+1October 7th every year. "Li Si" indicates the beginning of the astronomical season. As far as climate is concerned, it is still in the last season. For example, the Yellow River Basin in early spring is still in the middle of winter.

"Zhi" means extreme and most. The summer solstice and the winter solstice are called "the second solstice", which indicates the arrival of summer and winter. Summer solstice and winter solstice are generally on June 2 1 day and February 22 12 of the Gregorian calendar every year. On the summer solstice, the direct sunlight is 23.5 degrees north latitude and 90 degrees yellow longitude, which is the longest day in the northern hemisphere. On the solstice in winter, the direct sunlight is 23.5 degrees south latitude and 270 degrees yellow longitude, and the daytime in the northern hemisphere is the shortest.

"Points" here means equal distribution. The vernal equinox and autumnal equinox are called "equal share", which means that the length of day and night is equal. These two solar terms are generally around March 20 and September 23 of the Gregorian calendar every year. At the vernal equinox and autumnal equinox, the ecliptic intersects the equatorial plane. At this time, the ecliptic is 0 degrees and 180 degrees respectively, and the sun shines directly on the equator, and day and night are equal.

The significance of solar terms:

Some of the 24 solar terms have gradually become popular festivals, and combined with folk customs, they have developed into festival culture with distinctive regional characteristics. For example, the winter solstice festival, after thousands of years of development, has formed a unique seasonal food culture.

A more common custom is to eat wonton and mutton on the solstice in winter. Up to now, there is still a tradition of offering sacrifices to ancestors from winter to daily use in Taiwan Province Province, China, to show that we will never forget our ancestors and our "roots".

Finally, the application of the 24 solar terms for the world's "non-legacy" is a project that conforms to the development trend of human civilization. The twenty-four solar terms of the lunar calendar are the imprint of the farming civilization of the Yellow River flowing for thousands of years, the precipitation of the wisdom of the ancient working people in China, the unprecedented achievement of human astronomy and farming technology, and the milestone of human respect for nature and freedom.

It should go abroad, show the world China's ancient creation, rich and diverse folk culture and arts, and inject the genes of China's traditional culture into world civilization.

As early as May 2006, the twenty-four solar terms of the lunar calendar were selected into the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage lists.

April 20 14, the Ministry of Culture of China officially began to declare the "24 solar terms" to UNESCO's "Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity", which is a project that conforms to natural conditions and adapts to local conditions. I look forward to the early success of applying for the world's "non-legacy" in the 24 solar terms, and I look forward to the flowers of oriental wisdom blooming again.

The 1 1 regular session of the UNESCO Intergovernmental Committee for the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage (hereinafter referred to as "the Committee") was held at the conference center of the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, from October 28th to February 2nd.

165438+1On the afternoon of October 30th, the Committee formally passed a resolution to include the "Twenty-four solar terms-the time knowledge system formed by China people through observing the solar year movement and its practice" declared by China in the UNESCO Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of mankind.

Law of solar terms:

People generally know the exact solar term time through the ecliptic calendar, and there are also solar term date speed algorithms:

General formula of longevity -[y× d+c]-l

Y= year, D=0.2422, L= leap year, and C depends on solar terms and year.

In another case, if you know the exact time of a solar term in the previous year, you can easily calculate it from the ballads, and the next year is the time of the solar term. The rules of solar terms are as follows:

Beginning of spring 5 was knocked out at 3 o'clock and retreated at 3 o'clock.

At 1: 15, Changxia received the harvest at 9: 35.

The awn seeds are retired for two days, and the summer is asked at five o'clock on the third day.

Take a rest for three days in five days, and take a rest for one week in beginning of autumn Millennium for six days.

Six days plus six hours in cold dew, six days and seven o'clock tour in beginning of winter.

Snow was harvested from 4: 00 on the 6th to 9: 00 on the 5th.

Reference materials? Baidu encyclopedia-24 solar terms in lunar calendar