Differences between Eastern and Western garden architecture?

Architecture is a kind of comprehensive art, is a solidified epic. She accumulates the history of mankind, especially the cultural history, and reflects the rich imagination and unique way of thinking of the peoples.

People are accustomed to regard the European architectural system represented by Ancient Greece and Rome as Western architecture, and the Asian architectural system represented by China, India and Japan as Eastern architecture. The natural-style garden represented by China is called the Oriental classical garden, and the regular-style garden represented by France is called the Western classical garden. Chinese garden architecture and western garden architecture, due to their respective natural environments, social patterns, cultural atmosphere and other aspects of the differences in the use of different building materials and layout of the form of the garden, to express their different concepts of mood and aesthetic awareness, resulting in the difference between the east and west of the garden architecture.

One of the biggest differences between the classical gardens of the East and the West is whether it is to emphasize natural scenery or architecture.

Classical Chinese gardens are created by the literati, painters, garden artisans of the natural landscape garden, the pursuit of natural interest is the basic characteristics of China's gardening art. In Chinese gardens, irregular plane in the natural landscape is the main landscape composition, and the form of various types of buildings for viewing and creating cultural tastes and set up, plants with the free arrangement of the landscape, the road back and forth and winding, to achieve a kind of natural environment, the aesthetic interest and the ideal of beauty of the realm of the blending of water and milk, not only "can be expected to feasible", and "can travel can live", rich in natural landscape mood garden art space.

The French court garden represented by architects, sculptors and garden designers to create a Western rule of classical garden, based on the aesthetic principles of geometric shapes to "force nature to accept the law of proportionality" as the guiding ideology, the pursuit of a pure, artificially sculpted dress beauty. The gardens are mostly geometrically symmetrical, with clear axes and symmetrical relationships running through the entire garden. Pools, squares, trees, sculptures, buildings, roads, etc. are arranged in the central axis, in the axis of the starting point of the high place is often arranged with a high volume, rigorous symmetry of the building, the building controls the axis, the axis controls the garden, so the building is also dominated by the garden, the garden belongs to the building.

The building materials used in gardening, traditional Chinese buildings are mainly made of earth and wood, and western classical buildings are mainly made of stone. In the layout, most of the traditional Chinese architecture is to the plane of the group layout, while the Western classical architecture emphasizes the upward elevation, highlighting the individual building. In the theme of architectural culture, traditional Chinese architecture to promote the supremacy of the emperor, the bright Lun show rituals as the center, Western classical architecture to promote the sublime God, the performance of worship and love of God as the center. Chinese traditional architecture of the artistic style of man and nature "harmony" as the tone of the beauty of the Western classical architecture of the artistic style of the performance of man and nature's confrontation of the beauty of the religious building of the empty, closed internal space to make people produce a religious passion and fanaticism.

China's traditional architecture is a wooden structure system, which uses the most raised beam wooden frame. Lift beam wooden frame can not only form a one-room, three-room, five-room and even a number of rooms of the house, but also can build triangular, square, pentagonal, hexagonal, octagonal, circular, fan, ten thousand characters, field character and other special planes of the building, and can even form multi-storey pavilions and pagodas, etc., and the wall is to play the role of enclosure, division of the non-load-bearing components. Due to the limitation of wood and structure itself, the shape and internal space are relatively simple. Layout, always a variety of different uses of the room is broken down into a number of monolithic buildings, each monolithic building has its own specific function and a certain "identity", as well as the "identity" with the appropriate location. The focus of the architectural treatment of art, the performance of the building structure itself, the beautification of the shape of the building and a small amount of additional decoration.

Traditional Chinese aesthetic interest in treating the city and dealing with the layout of palaces, temples, houses and other buildings very much like to use the axis to guide and left-right symmetry in order to obtain the overall unity, but not like the West as the pursuit of geometric beauty in the gardens in the large number of the use of this approach. Born from China's traditional architecture in the Chinese garden buildings, a variety of forms, flexible location, according to the needs of the use, they can be set up independently, can also be used as a combination of corridors, walls and so on to become a courtyard-style groups. Architectural space changes in twists and turns, colorful. In dealing with the building, people, the relationship between the environment, the Confucianism advocated the "unity of man and nature" idea of Chinese garden architecture emphasizes the coordination and unity with the natural and social environment. The traditional building into a small, centralized large volume for the dispersed small volume of the handling techniques, very suitable for the layout and landscape of Chinese gardens "landscape as the main, complementary to the architectural" design concept needs. Traditional Chinese plastic arts emphasize the "linear beauty", garden architecture taken by the wooden beams, columns, precisely to adapt to this "line" of the artistic requirements, whether it is a single building, or a group of buildings, pay attention to have a beautiful silhouette and skyline.

Ancient Western buildings were built of stone masonry, thicker walls, smaller windows, and the span of the building was limited by the stone and the internal space was smaller. After the development of the arch structure, the building space has been liberated to a large extent, built like the Pantheon in Rome and other internal space levels of public **** buildings, architectural space art has been a great development, but still did not break through the heavy entity of the outer frame. Western classical plastic art emphasizes the "volume of beauty", the scale of the building, volume, image and not to adapt to the needs of people's actual activities, but focus on the atmosphere of the building entity, which focuses on the two degrees of the fa?ade and the three degrees of the shape of the building and the sculpture of the building and sculpture as a whole, in pursuit of a kind of sculpture of the United States. The focus of its architectural art processing is also naturally concentrated on the appearance and decorative arts as far as the eye can see.

Western classical gardens in the garden architecture taken from the Western classical architecture, it is a variety of different functional purposes of the room are concentrated in a masonry building, the pursuit of a composition of internal space and the external shape of the sculptural beauty of the beauty. Due to the huge volume of the building, so it attaches great importance to its fa?ade entity division and processing, thus forming a set of fa?ade composition of the aesthetic principles.

In the garden layout, Hegel once said: "the most thorough use of architectural principles in the art of gardening is the French garden, they are routinely close to the tall palace, the trees are planted into regular rows, forming avenues, pruned very neatly, the walls are also made of neatly trimmed hedges. In this way nature is transformed into an open-air mansion." Western classical gardens, whether in the mood or composition and classical architecture are followed by the same principle. Garden design to architectural design techniques, principles from indoor to outdoor, the two in addition to the combination of different elements, there is no great difference.

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