Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Traditional customs - What does Four Treasures of the Study mean?

What does Four Treasures of the Study mean?

The tools in China ancient traditional culture are pen, ink, paper and inkstone. The name of Four Treasures of the Study originated in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Historically, what "Four Treasures of the Study" refers to has changed frequently. Four Treasures of the Study in Southern Tang Dynasty refers to Zhuge Bi in Xuancheng, Anhui, Li Tinggui Ink in Huizhou, Chengxin Tang Paper in Huizhou, Anhui, and Weilong inkstone in Wuyuan, Anhui.

Since the Song Dynasty, "Four Treasures of the Study" refers to Xu Anbi (Xuancheng, Anhui), Huimo (Shexian, Huizhou, Anhui), Xuanzhi (Jingxian, Xuancheng, Anhui), She Yan (Shexian, Huizhou, Anhui), Yan Tao (Zhuoni, Gansu) and Duanyan (Zhaoqing, Guangdong, formerly known as Duanzhou). After the Yuan Dynasty, Hu Bi (Huzhou, Zhejiang) gradually increased.

Anhui Xuancheng is the most authentic place of origin in Four Treasures of the Study, China, and is the world-renowned "hometown of Four Treasures of the Study, China". Xuancheng's Xuan paper (Jingxian), Xuan pen (Jingxian/Jingdezhen), Hui ink (Jixi/Jingdezhen) and Xuan inkstone (Jingdezhen) are world-renowned and sought after by scholars of all ages.

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As we all know, "Four Treasures of the Study" refers to four kinds of calligraphy and painting utensils, namely pen, ink, paper and inkstone. But where did the word Four Treasures of the Study come from? When did it start? But there are still unfinished solutions. For example, the word "Four Treasures of the Study" in Ci Hai goes like this: "In the old days, it was a general term for four kinds of stationery: pen, ink, paper and inkstone. This research is called research. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Yijian wrote Four Books of the Study and Four Treasures of the Study, describing the types and facts of these four stationery. "

The ambiguity of Ci Hai lies in: Who is the author of Four Treasures of the Study Pu? Is there anyone else? Or Su Yijian (958-997) himself? If it is Su himself, then the word "Four Treasures of the Study" should have been put forward. However, in various documents including Su Yijian's works, such as Series of Books, the title is Four Chapters in the Study, but no one points out that the author of Four Chapters in the Study is Su Yijian. In other words, the word "Four Treasures of the Study" is not directly related to the names of Su Yijian's works.

Su Yijian is not the direct inventor of the word "Four Treasures of the Study". It is recorded in the Summary of Four Books of the Study contained in the General Catalogue of Sikuquanshu: "The history of Song Dynasty is called" Four Books of the Study ",which is the same. You Mao's Bibliography of the Year Out of the Church consists of Four Treasures of the Study and Four Treasures of the Study. Textual research on Hong Mai's Postscript, and Su's Book Score was published in Four Treasures of the Study Hall, hence the name Four Treasures of the Study. Because it was added to the title, it became indecent and changed the title. "

The birth and death years of Hong Mai (1 123- 1202) and Youmao (1127-1194) mentioned in Siku are similar.

Among them, in the abstract of Hong Mai's inscription "She" and other bibliographies, Siku talked in more detail that the person who "exposed Su's study in Sibaotang" was Hong Mai's brother (1117-184). In other words, Because Shi Hong was once revealed in Bositang in Huizhou, some people called him Four Treasures of the Study, commonly known as Bao Si.

Therefore, when you Mao was working on the Bibliography of Sui Chutang in the same period, he didn't know that the so-called Four Treasures of the Study was included in it.

The tools and materials of China's calligraphy are basically evolved from pen, ink, paper and inkstone. People usually call them "Four Treasures of the Study", which roughly means that they are the necessary Four Treasures of the Study for a scholar to study. Because China ancient literati can basically write and draw, or both, they can't do without the four treasures of pen, ink, paper and inkstone.

The name "study" originated from the Southern and Northern Dynasties (420-589 AD) in the history of China. In particular, it refers to a scholar's study, which uses pen, ink, paper and inkstone, and is known as the "Four Treasures of the Study". In addition to Four Treasures of the Study, there are also pen containers, pen containers, ink beds, ink cartridges, handrails, pens, book towns, water spoons, inkstone drops, inkstone boxes, inkpad, Yin He, knives, stamps and drums. This is also an essential product in the research.

Four Treasures of the Study collected by the Palace Museum is mostly made by famous teachers in the Qing Dynasty and used by the royal family. Its exquisite materials and exquisite craftsmanship represent the development level of stationery in China for thousands of years and the creative wisdom and artistic talent of skilled craftsmen. It is a treasure in stationery.

"Four Treasures of the Study" is not only a kind of stationery with strong practical value, but also a work of art integrating painting, calligraphy, sculpture and decoration. In 2007, Institute of Science and Technology History of China Academy of Sciences and China Four Treasures of the Study Research Association declared ink painting as a world-class "intangible cultural heritage" to UNESCO.

Pen, ink, paper and inkstone have their own uses and pay attention to each other. The so-called "clear water of famous inkstone, new development of Gu Mo, old pen and old paper" are combined into one, and then writing our characters has become our unique traditional calligraphy art, which is not only for us to enjoy ourselves, but is increasingly valued and cherished by people all over the world. Brush: also known as brush inkstone, it is used to check the depth of ink or straighten the brush, and is often made into a leaf shape.

In the ancient study, in addition to the four main stationery, pen, ink, paper and inkstone, there are some other supporting instruments, which are also an indispensable member of the stationery family. In the Ming Dynasty, Tu Long described more than 40 kinds of stationery in the "Elegant Compilation of Stationery". There are usually pen containers, also called pen holders and pen holders, which are used to hold pens. It is often mountain-shaped, and the pen can be placed in the recess. There are also people and animals, or the old roots and branches of nature, which are particularly wonderful.

Handrails: also known as secret cabinets, handrails and wrist pillows, used to prevent ink from polluting hands and underarms when writing. Arched, mostly bamboo products.

Poetry tube: an instrument that can be inserted after daily chanting and writing poetry notes. Most of them are made of bamboo, which means elegance.

Pen holder: Insert the pen in it when not in use. There are many materials, such as porcelain, jade, bamboo, wood and lacquer. It has a round or square shape, and it also has a plant shape or other shapes.

Wash pen: Wash the remaining ink with a pen after use. Most of them are bowl-shaped, but also have flowers and leaves or towers.

Ink bed: stop for a while when grinding ink, because the grinding place is wet and is used for temporary ink storage.

Ink box: used to store Mo Ding. Mostly paint boxes, away from humidity and moisture. The lacquer surface is often painted with gold patterns or inlaid with mother-of-pearl.

Paperweight: Also known as book town, it is used to press paper or books to keep paper and writing flat. Usually made into various animal shapes.

Water injection: water is injected into the inkstone surface for grinding, mostly in the form of round pots and square pots with mouths, as well as animals such as toads and pheasants to ward off evil spirits.

Ink drop: also known as water drop and book drop, ink drop is stored for grinding ink.

Inkstone box: also known as inktone box, used for placing inkstones. It's best to choose purple, ebony, watercress and paint.

Seal: used for calligraphy and painting works, such as famous seals and leisure seals. , mostly made of Shoushan stone, Qingtian stone, Chang fossil, etc. There are also bronze, jade and ivory seals.

Yin He: Also known as inkpad and inkpad, it is used to store inkpad. Mostly porcelain.

Pen inkstone: Also called pen inkstone, it is used to check the depth of ink or straighten the brush, and is often made into a leaf shape.

Pen holder: also known as pen holder and pen holder, used for holding pens. It is often mountain-shaped, and the pen can be placed in the recess. There are also people and animals, or the old roots and branches of nature, which are particularly wonderful.

Painting and calligraphy felt: referred to as painting and calligraphy felt. There are three kinds of materials. The first one is pure wool. The calligraphy and painting felt produced is expensive and relatively expensive, but the use effect is good, and it is generally used by individuals, calligraphers and other individual users. The second type: wool and fiber are mixed. The price of calligraphy and painting felt is lower than that of pure wool, and the use effect is acceptable. It is generally used in calligraphy colleges and so on.

The third type: pure fiber. Calligraphy and painting felt is cheap and the effect is ok. It sells fastest now, faster than the above two. It is used in schools, fine arts colleges and many other colleges. The felt for painting and calligraphy can prevent the ink from spreading, absorb the excess ink into the felt, and at the same time, it will not dirty the table. The felt surface is even, white, soft and elastic, which can set off Xuan paper and make painting and calligraphy lovers feel comfortable.

When there is a lot of ink in the work, it will not run away, and it has the function of supporting ink. Because wool can absorb moisture and ink, it greatly embodies the good performance of dehydration and ink retention. Especially when painting Chinese paintings, it can be wonderful, convenient and durable, and it is an auxiliary material for Four Treasures of the Study.