(20 points) Read the following materials and answer the questions. As far as China's political system is concerned, the Qin and Han Dynasties were a great change. Tang also changed a lot for Korea. So

(20 points) Read the following materials and answer the questions. As far as China's political system is concerned, the Qin and Han Dynasties were a great change. Tang also changed a lot for Korea. Song Dan

(1) Qin and Han Dynasties: An autocratic centralized system (or emperor system, three officials and nine ministers system, county system) was established. Answer 2: 02). Tang Dynasty: Perfect autocratic centralization (or answer the three provinces and six departments system and the imperial examination system, 2 points).

(2) The combination of history and theory can be justified. (5 points) The following two viewpoints are for reference: Viewpoint 1: Qian Mu's viewpoint is correct. There was no change from Song Dynasty to Tang Dynasty. The reasons are as follows: the Song Dynasty basically retained the main political systems of the Tang Dynasty, such as the three provinces and six departments system and the imperial examination system; There was no breakthrough in the political system of the Song Dynasty. The changes in the Song Dynasty were also forced by the times. The reasons are as follows: since the end of the Tang Dynasty, the separatist regime of the buffer region forced the Song Dynasty to strengthen centralization; Since the Han Dynasty, the excessive power of the prime minister has threatened the imperial power, forcing the Song Dynasty to divide the power of the prime minister. Viewpoint 2: Qian Mu's viewpoint is one-sided. Great changes have taken place from the Song Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty. The reasons are as follows: centralization has been strengthened, for example, the military power of major generals has been restored to the central government, and elite soldiers have been transferred to form an imperial army. Politically, civil servants act as well-known people and are supervised by judges. Set up transshipment in finance and manage local finance. Dividing power into three parts strengthened imperial power; The imperial examination system was further improved and developed.

(3) Description: The Ming Dynasty abolished the prime minister and set up a cabinet; In the Qing dynasty, the military department was added. (4 points)

(4) Trend: the local power is weakened and the central power is gradually strengthened; Relative strength is weakening and imperial power is gradually strengthening. (4 points)

(5) The "demolition" of the old system means that the Revolution of 1911 overthrew the absolute monarchy; The "unconnected new system" refers to the bourgeois democratic and harmonious system; The disjointed old and new systems led to the warlord regime in China at that time. (3 points)

Test analysis: (1) It is required to answer questions in combination with the knowledge learned, so it is necessary to recall and transfer the historical facts about the political system in Qin, Han and Tang Dynasties. When it comes to the political system, we should first think of the autocratic centralization in ancient China, which was established in the Qin and Han Dynasties and was constantly improved in the Tang Dynasty. The relevant facts are the emperor system, the three provinces and six departments system and the imperial examination system in the Tang Dynasty.

(2) This question is an open question, which examines the ability of candidates to combine history with theory. First of all, when answering, you should make clear your own point of view: candidates can choose to think that Qian Mu's point of view is correct, that is, the political system from Song Dynasty to Tang Dynasty has not changed; You can also choose to think that Qian Mu's view is wrong, which should be manifested in the great changes in the political system from the Song Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty. Then, it is necessary to combine the relevant historical facts of the two periods, take historical facts as arguments, and demonstrate your own views, so as to be justified.

(3) Material 2 holds that "China's traditional politics is autocratic and the government is autocratic by an emperor", that is, absolute monarchy. In fact, this question requires candidates to use the historical facts of the Ming and Qing Dynasties to prove that it was an imperial system at that time. Candidates only need to recall the historical facts about the imperial system in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The Ming dynasty abolished the prime minister and established the cabinet, which strengthened the absolute monarchy; With the addition of the Ministry of War in the Qing Dynasty, absolute monarchy reached its peak.

(4) In order to examine the candidates' knowledge transfer ability and generalization ability, it is necessary to combine the historical facts of the development and evolution of the ancient political system (autocratic centralization) and look at its evolution trend from two aspects: on the one hand, the relationship between monarchical power and relative power is constantly changing, and the trend is that relative power is weakening and imperial power is gradually strengthening; On the other hand, the relationship between centralization and decentralization has changed, and the trend is that local power is weakening and central power is gradually strengthening.

(5) The old system has been dismantled: considering that "the 20 years after the founding of the Republic of China is a sad beginning", we can know that the old system refers to the autocratic monarchy before the Revolution of 1911, and the old system has been dismantled, which means that the Revolution of 1911 overthrew the autocratic monarchy; The "unconnected new system" should be the bourgeois democratic and harmonious system envisaged by the Revolution of 1911; Social phenomenon: The answer can be drawn from "warlord regime became a common phenomenon in this period".