Why is teaching an art?

Li: We think this is determined by the close relationship between teaching and art. This is mainly manifested in the following aspects: 0? 2? 0? 2? 0? 2 (1) Does teaching have artistic connotation? 0? 2? 0? 2? 0? The so-called art has three meanings: first, it refers to "skill" and "technique". Judging from the evolution of the word art, the word art in English is art, which comes from the Latin ars. "Ars in ancient Latin is similar to' skills' in Greek. ... refers to carpentry, ironwork, surgery and other skills or specialized skills [1] German art is "Kunst", which is developed from the word "Konnen" and means "knowing" and "doing", and refers to a special skilled technology that can skillfully solve any problem. [2] The word art, French for Iart, Czech for Umeni, also has the meaning of "skill" and "skill". [3] The second refers to creative working methods and means. Clyde E. Curran of the United States once pointed out: "Creative work that meets certain requirements is art ... When creation sublimates the feelings of the creator to the extreme, when the symmetrical beauty of the finished product created not only brings happiness to the creator, but also brings happiness to others who watch the finished product, this creation is art." [4] It is very common to use the word art in this sense, such as the art of conversation, the art of leadership and the art of management. Third, it refers to a social ideology that uses different means such as language, action, lines, colors and sounds to form an image, reflect social life and express the thoughts and feelings of writers and artists. " [5] In other words, art often expresses the author's thoughts and feelings through visual means. For example, music, dance, painting, sculpture, architecture, literature, drama, film and folk art are all artistic forms. Compared with the three meanings of the word art mentioned above, it can be said for sure that teaching has artistic connotation: it requires teachers to have superb teaching and educating skills, has no formal and creative working methods, and pays attention to expressing specific teaching contents by visual means such as language, action, sound and image. ? 0? 2? 0? 2? 0? 2 (2) Are there similar objects between teaching and art? 0? 2? 0? 2? 0? The object of art is people-centered social life. Art not only reflects the objective world, but also reflects people's subjective world. But no matter which aspect of the subjective and objective world it reflects, it is people-centered, and it directly, indirectly or tortuous expresses people's destiny, feelings, inner world and the relationship between people. Therefore, art is often called "human studies". Gorky clearly pointed out in the article "Talking about Skills" published in 193 1: "Literature is a folk science, that is, human studies." [6] The object of teaching is also people, and they are living young students who are developing and have great plasticity. Therefore, teaching is also a veritable "human study", as Suhomlinski pointed out: "Education-first of all, human study. Without understanding his intellectual development, his thinking, interests, hobbies, talents, talents and tendencies-there is no education. " [7] Teaching and art are restricted by their objects, and a deep understanding of the life and characteristics of the objects is the same premise for engaging in these two activities. Artists often say that only by going deep into life can we create first-class works of art; Going deep into life and understanding people is the source of artistic creation. Teaching also needs a thorough and detailed understanding of students, as ushinski emphasized: "If pedagogy wants to educate people from all aspects, it must first understand people from all aspects." [8] From the ultimate goal, the role of art is to cultivate people with comprehensive and harmonious development of knowledge, emotion and meaning. The highest purpose of art is to make people's knowledge, feelings and will develop harmoniously, to make people's feelings and feelings rational, and to make rational and moral understanding something embodied in feelings and emotions. [9] and the highest purpose of teaching is to cultivate and shape people with all-round and harmonious development of morality, intelligence, physique and beauty. It can be seen that both teaching and art are people-oriented. ? 0? 2? 0? 2? 0? 2 (3) Is there artistic content in teaching? 0? 2? 0? 2? 0? Teaching content, whether social science or natural science, is the unity of truth, goodness and beauty, which contains rich aesthetic factors and has obvious or potential artistry. It goes without saying that the teaching content of music art is directly the artistic content in the school teaching curriculum; The artistic content of Chinese, history and geography in social sciences has long been recognized by people. In fact, natural science disciplines also contain aesthetic factors, which often give people a strong sense of art. The research results of scientific aesthetics can help people understand and appreciate the beauty in scientific knowledge. Zhao Xinshan, a famous scholar, said: "Every mathematical formula is essentially a poem." [10] He further analyzed that even the elementary mathematical formula of c = 2pr is a first-class poem in the universe-there is such a simple, wonderful and harmonious relationship between circumference and radius! It is true that there are infinitely many circles between heaven and earth, but only the pure mathematical circle c = 2pr is the most standard, accurate and beautiful. This is the beauty of mathematical art regenerated by mathematicians' brains and wisdom. What is the solemn, eternal and magnificent artistic conception it creates, not poetry? Read math as a poem! If so, then any math class in front of you will suddenly change from a pile of dead formulas to a collection of poems full of harmony, exquisiteness and symmetry. The same is true of reading mathematics, and the same is true of reading physics. Every physical law and equation is essentially a hymn of nature. E = mc2, a famous law of mass-energy equivalence, has won many people's admiration and wonder because of its perfection and great power of containing the material world. As for the general theory of relativity, the modern West German physicist Born praised "it is a great work of art" because it is "the most amazing combination of philosophical understanding, physical intuition and mathematical skills". In a word, the rich aesthetic art factors contained in the teaching content determine the inevitability of aesthetic art communication between teachers and students in teaching. ? 0? 2? 0? 2? 0? 2 (4) Using artistic means Art mainly reflects real life and expresses the author's thoughts and feelings through language, action, lines, colors and sounds. Generally speaking, according to the different means of application and expression, art can be divided into the following four categories: language art, mainly literature, which uses language as a tool to shape images; Plastic arts use lines, colors and other means to create visual images that can be directly felt, such as painting and sculpture; Performing arts, through people's singing, playing and performance, use sound, rhythm and melody or human movements to shape images, such as music and dance; Comprehensive art uses a variety of artistic means and materials to create images, such as drama and film. ? 0? 2? 0? 2? 0? 2 [12] It can be seen that language, movements, lines, sounds, colors and images are the basic elements of artistic means. Teaching is also inseparable from language, movement, lines, sound, color, image and so on. , especially modern teaching. With the exploration of modern teaching methods and the application of modern teaching means, there is an obvious trend of visualization, aesthetics and art, and even teaching directly by art. Zankov, a famous expert on teaching theory, once said with emotion: "How powerful art is for students' education! And this kind of power is often not fully utilized or used badly! The obvious defect of traditional teaching method is that it does not show students the artistic treasures that only art has. "[13] As far as teaching means are concerned, whether it is traditional or modern, we can easily find that there are many similarities between teaching and art [12]. It can be seen that language, action, lines, sounds, colors and images are the basic elements of artistic means. Teaching is also inseparable from language, movement, lines, sound, color, image and so on. , especially modern teaching. With the exploration of modern teaching methods and the application of modern teaching means, there is an obvious trend of visualization, aesthetics and art, and even teaching directly by art. Zankov, a famous expert on teaching theory, once said with emotion: "How powerful art is for students' education! And this kind of power is often not fully utilized or used badly! The obvious defect of traditional teaching method is that it does not show students the artistic treasures that only art has. " [13] As far as teaching methods are concerned, whether traditional or modern, we can easily find that there are many similarities between teaching and art.

0? 2? 0? 2? 0? 2 (5) The functions of teaching and art are interlinked? 0? 2? 0? 2? 0? Because of the nature of art itself, it plays a huge role in society. This is reflected in three functions: cognitive function, educational function and aesthetic function. Cognitive function means that art can help people understand social life and historical features, expand the field of knowledge, deepen their understanding of the laws of social life and improve their cognitive ability; The educational function means that art can improve people's thoughts and feelings, correct people's world outlook, establish noble moral quality and enhance the courage to transform the objective world and the subjective world; Aesthetic function means that art can touch people's hearts through the appeal of artistic images, cause aesthetic pleasure and spiritual pleasure, and thus obtain the effect of spiritual enjoyment and satisfaction. There are differences between them, but they also penetrate each other. Teaching also has these three functions, although the ways and fields in which the functions are played are different. Through teaching, students can gradually master all kinds of scientific and cultural knowledge, from ignorance to knowledge, from less knowledge to more knowledge, master advanced methods of understanding the world, and improve the level of understanding objective things, which can be said to be the cognitive function of teaching. Through teaching, students can effectively develop their intelligence and physical strength, help them establish a dialectical materialist world outlook and cultivate noble moral quality, and form good psychological quality and behavior habits, which can be said to be the educational function of teaching. Through teaching, students can also be influenced by beauty, have a pleasant emotional experience, achieve emotional sublimation and spiritual purification, thus cultivating students' ability to feel beauty, understand beauty, distinguish beauty, express beauty and create beauty, which can be said to be the aesthetic function of teaching. The three functions of teaching are also different and interpenetrating. ? 0? 2? 0? 2? 0? 2 (6) Teaching embodies the characteristics of art? 0? 2? 0? 2? 0? The attractive charm of art lies in its three outstanding characteristics: image, emotion and creativity. Image is the basic feature of art, which means that art always reflects social life with concrete images, and image is a special form of art that reflects real life, and any art form can not be separated from the description and shaping of image. Emotion is the blood of art. Art without emotion is powerless. Art is always emotional, and Rodin even said bluntly: "Art is emotion." [14] and creativity is the life of art, art lies in creation, and artistic creation means constantly surpassing-surpassing others, surpassing oneself, avoiding repetition or stagnation, creating novel and unique works, and making artistic life last forever. In teaching, these three characteristics of art have also been reflected to varying degrees. In teaching, it is necessary to artistically treat abstract principles, concepts, definitions and laws with the help of intuitive means such as language, actions, expressions and images, so that students can easily understand and accept them. In the process of teaching information transmission, there is also emotional communication between people. Emotional communication is like a link in teaching, which makes teachers and students closely linked and achieves the best teaching effect in a harmonious atmosphere. Suhomlinski once said: "Without a clear spring full of poetry, emotion and aesthetics, it is impossible to have students' all-round intellectual development. "[15] There is no fixed model in teaching, which requires teachers to creatively solve all problems in teaching. At the same time, teachers can also create novel and effective teaching methods and form a distinctive and unique teaching style according to their own conditions, students' actual situation and the characteristics of teaching materials. In this way, the image, emotion and creativity of teaching constitute the artistic characteristics of teaching and form the artistic charm of teaching. ? 0? 2? 0? 2? 0? 2 (7) Are the processes of teaching and art similar? 0? 2? 0? 2? 0? The process of artistic creation includes three basic links: artistic feeling, artistic conception and artistic expression. Artistic feeling is the basis and premise of artistic creation, which includes not only the observation, experience and accumulation of materials, but also the aesthetic feeling of life. Artistic conception is the central link in the creative process, and it is the thinking process that the artist breeds the rich and disorderly aesthetic feeling into a complete image system in his own consciousness according to a certain center. Artistic expression is the completion of artistic creation process, the material embodiment of artistic spiritual labor, and the process of shaping the aesthetic image in the artist's mind into a sensible artistic image through artistic language and other material means. These three links in the artistic process are not only interlocking and in-depth, but also interpenetrating and complementing each other. The process of teaching activities also has three basic links similar to the process of artistic creation: teaching preparation, teaching design and teaching expression. Teaching preparation is the basis and premise of teaching, which includes observation and understanding of students, perception and understanding of teaching materials, collection and arrangement of teaching materials, etc. Teaching design is the overall planning and specific arrangement of teaching activities, including the selection of teaching emphases, difficulties, teaching methods and teaching AIDS, the adjustment of teaching relations in details, order, separation, depth, reality, severity, severity, movement, intermission, release and collection, as well as teaching organization, language, opening lectures, asking questions, ending classes, inspiration, writing on the blackboard, teaching mode and demonstration. Teaching expression is the main part of teaching activities, which refers to the teacher's three-dimensional expression of sounds, symbols, gestures, time and space. , so that the theme and various subtleties of teaching design can be displayed, which constitutes a "work of art" in classroom teaching. These three links in the process of teaching creation are also closely related, in-depth development, mutual penetration and complementary. ? 0? 2? 0? 2? 0? 2 (8) Does the teacher have the qualities of an artist? 0? 2? 0? 2? 0? Gorky famously said, "People are born artists". [16] The people mentioned here not only refer to the professional artists who have become famous, but also include people from other professions, including teachers, that is, all people engaged in social practice activities. Because in a sense, people have the nature of pursuing beauty. Therefore, Marx said: "People are also built according to the laws of beauty." [17] and profoundly pointed out that any labor (material and spiritual) in capitalist society will be promoted to the height of art. If art (in a narrow sense) is centered on the pursuit of beauty, then in modern times, the boundary between art and non-art is narrowing, and many fields and aspects of human activities show artistic or aesthetic aspects to varying degrees. As a human being, a teacher's aesthetic characteristics and artistic talent determine that he can become a veritable artist. Because "they have a magical power that can awaken themselves and the people they come into contact with." Therefore, "they can become artists, artists of human relations, and creators of China and the United States in this difficult field of human problems." [18] Therefore, excellent teachers can be called "teaching artists". ? 0? 2? 0? 2? 0? To sum up, we can see that teaching and art have a very close relationship, and they are interlinked in many aspects. Therefore, the proposition that "teaching is an art" is completely tenable and can be confirmed theoretically. [1][ English] Collingwood's Principles of Art, China Social Sciences Press, 1985, p. 6. [2] On Teaching, edited by Wenzhong Tang, Heilongjiang Education Press, 1990, p.315. [3] Ha Jiuzeng's Art Course, Fudan University Press, 1990, the first 1 page. [4] Zhou Nanzhao translated "Teaching Aesthetics", "Educational Research" No.3, 1985. [5] Concise Dictionary of Social Sciences, Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House, 1982, p. 83. [6] "On Literature" sequel, p. 285. [7] Suhomlinski's "Dedicate all my heart to children", Tianjin People's Publishing House, 198 1 Edition, p. 7. [8] ushinski's "Man is the Object of Education", Science Press, 1959, p.1/kloc-0. [9] Philosophy in Art, Fujian People's Publishing House, 1983, p. 292. [10] Zhao Xinshan's Thoughts on Science, Art and Philosophy, Joint Publishing Company, 1985, p. 55.