Eighteen kinds of weapons are what?

"Eighteen kinds of weapons" and "eighteen kinds of martial arts" is a general term or estimate, there are a variety of references.

Traditional weapons "nine long and nine short". Nine short: knife, sword, whip, mace, crutch, axe, stick, vertebrae, pestle. Nine long: knife, gun, stick, battle-axe, fork, bell, hook, long spear, halberd.

Ming Jiajing Guo Xun engraved hundred books "Water Margin", the second "Wang Tutor privately away from Yan'anfu, nine dragons haunted the Shi Village": "Shi Jin daily please Wang Tutor points, eighteen martial arts, one by one from the beginning of the instruction. What are the eighteen martial arts? Spears, hammers, bows, crossbows, cannons, whips, mace, swords, chains, Laos, axes, battle-axes and gorges, halberds, cards, rods and guns, pitchforks."

Ming Xie Zhaozhi "five miscellaneous chopping block" Volume 5: "Zhengtong ji Si change, recruiting the world's warriors. Shandong Li Tong, traveling to teach the capital, try their skills, eighteen can, no one can be with the enemy, so should be preferred." (Eighteen is: a bow, two crossbow, three guns, four knives, five swords, six spears, seven shields, eight axes, nine battle-axes, ten halberds, eleven whips, twelve mace, thirteen haggard, fourteen Shu, fifteen forks, sixteen rake head, seventeen Mian rope lasso, eighteen white hit.)

Early Qing dynasty Chu Renwu "firm gourd collection": "Shanxi Li Tong good to make martial arts eighteen things, counting bow, crossbow, gun, knife, sword, spear, shield, axe, battle-axe, whip, mace, Laos, Shu, fork, handle the head, Mian Rope Sleeve, vertebrae and white hit, *** eighteen kinds."

Early Qing Dynasty Chu Renwu "Jian gourd collection - sequel": "Spear, vertebrae, bow, crossbow, cannon, whip, mace, sword, chain, Laos, axe, battle-axe and go, halberd, card, stick and gun, fork."

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Eighteen weapons - knife

Bolos this is also a sharp weapon for the car war era, the law of the initial hacking and chopping and strangulation of their own, the beginning of the enemy without a variety of God also, and eight snake spears, almost the same function. Until the future generations, the war change, easy car and horse and step, with the sword of the generals, know into the law of the insufficient system to win, is the experience of their war, and come up with all kinds of use of the sword method, in order to kill the enemy to make the fruit of the help, so there are all sorts of changes to carry on. Knife of the most important, for the Guan Wang knife, cover that Guan Yu's knife law also; Three Kingdoms record in the Guan Wang knife, weighing eighty-two pounds, a zhang two feet long; the ancient degree system, shorter than today, combined with today's degree system, the length of only eight feet of odd ears; today's world of the big knife, cover all seem to be this, that is, the knife law is also a change of this and also. Examination of the types of swords, but also more than one of the Guan Wang knife, such as the wind knife, big hacking knife, nine ring knife, two-edged knife, etc., are also a big knife, its style is different, and the name is also due to the difference. To its use, it is the same way, the beginning of no big difference; Therefore, Guan Wang knife. Can be said to be the ancestor of the sword, the other knives, all from this out of the birth of the person, although they have their own variations, to be unable to and its precision of God, enough to characterize the perfect also. I now that this knife is compiled as a handout to public good, or also comply with the ancient law.

Han Liu Xi "interpretation of the name - interpretation of the military": "knife, to also, to chopping to where it is hit. Its end is said to be sharp, said if the bee stings of poisonous sharp. It is said that the ring, the shape of the ring. Its room is said to cut, cut, craggy also. Its shape crag kill, wrapped knife body also. Room mouth of the decoration is said to stick, stick, hold bundle mouth also. Under the end of the decoration is said to bei, bei, mean also, in the words of the next also. The short knife is said to shoot thighs, with the time to shoot thighs next to also; also said dew pat, said dew see also." Bei Yu + Pei back

Guo Zi Heng "Cave Meditation Records": "The Yellow Emperor took the first mountain of gold, began to cast for the knife." ("Chuxueji - martial arts department - knife")

"Chuxueji - martial arts department - knife": successive generations of Wu knife, red knife, Rong knife, Luan knife, Zheng knife, Menglao, Xirong Li knife, Kunwu cut jade knife, Minghong knife, hundred Pai treasure knife, hundred chain, green calf, leakage shadow three knives.

Cao Pi "canonical theory": "Prince Pi of Wei made a hundred incisive treasure knife, one is said to be Lingbao, two is said to contain the chapter, three is said to be the quality, and also made Lu Mor knife, a dragon scale knife."

Liang Tao Hongjing "ancient and modern sword record" (in the "Han Wei Series") p747.

"Primer - martial arts - sword": "Spring and Autumn flourish": "the rise of the rite, the sword of the left, the green dragon elephant; knife of the right, the white tiger elephant."

Han Liu Xi, "Shuo Ming - Shuo Bing": "Pei Dao, in the Pei side of the knife is also, or said that Rong Dao, a knife shape and no blade, prepare for the ceremonial appearance only."

The knife is one of the earliest weapons in China, primitive man used it to cut, cut, scratch, scrape, or cut the skin of animals. Yin Shang copper knife is born from the original stone knife, and appeared a large war knife. The Zhou dynasty used the ring head knife, not only the Han dynasty also used, and spread to Japan, Korea. Han Dynasty emperors and ministers, are wearing a knife and no longer wear a sword, see the role of the knife in the Han Dynasty is particularly prominent.

"Three talents will be - instrumental" Volume VI: "Guan Wang Yuanyue knife, the knife that is great, its 36 knife law, military encounter, no not bend. Knife category in this for the first."

The Tang Dynasty gradually changed to a ringless handle knife, knife in the military application, has exceeded the sword.

The Book of Tang - Du Fuwei biography ":" Fuwei Yi people also, look Kui Xiong good use of two-edged knife, its length of ten feet, the name is pat knife, a swing to kill a few people, the front is not hard to."

Song Dynasty, inherited the Three Kingdoms, two Jin, Sui, Tang system, the traditional single knife only one color, heavy knife shape, iron edge is also wide. The rest of the large knife is widely used, there are flex knife, cover (pull up) moon knife,. Eyebrow tip knife, phoenix mouth knife, pen knife and so on.

The Ming Dynasty mostly imitated the Japanese sword style, for both hands to hold the handle to kill the long knife, can cut or cut the opponent's long arm of the handle,. Qi Jiguang "Jixing Xinshu": "long knife, since the Japanese offense in China began to have. The Japanese good leap, a foot into the foot is more than ten feet, the knife is five feet long, then ten feet five feet carry on. My soldiers short weapons are difficult to catch, long weapons are not fast, body more than two broken."

Martial artists often use "knife like a tiger" to describe the knife's courage and bravery, robust and powerful. The big knife belongs to the long weapon, commonly known as the "big knife to see the edge", that is, in the use of the edge, to do chopping, wiping, teasing, chopping, stabbing, pressure, hanging, and other work. Single knife, double knife are short weapons, the language is "single knife to see the hand, double knife to see away", so the single knife seeks to wrap the chest and chop, chop, stab, tease, wipe, block, intercept and other knife style, while the double knife is concerned about the two hands with even force, the knife is clear, the pace of flexible, up and down the coordination in order to show the "leaves hide flowers, double butterflies dance The double knives are characterized by a clear and even hand, a flexible step, and coordination between the upper and lower parts of the blade, so as to show the "flower in the leaf, double butterflies flying" posture. At present, the popular knife, three pointed two-edged, double ring knife, long knife (two-handed knife) and so on.

Eighteen weapons - gun

The thing of the spear, from the most ancient, car war era, the use of long soldiers, bow and vector, but the most suitable for the spear, so the spear has the name of zhangzhi eight, the gun came, really began here; pity at that time, although for the fight, but no certain use of the law; two formations, but the relative, but the weapon, the remote hit and stabbing themselves. The two formations were opposed, but the weapon was used to hit and stab each other from afar. According to legend, the gun was passed down from the Miao barbarians, the gun spectrum: the West has Wu eat the clan, the people to the brave and tough, regardless of men and women, are skilled in martial arts, art of the King, the masses of people deterred, do not dare to disobey; so the Wu eat the clan, the children are five or six years old, that is, the order to practice martial arts, weak can not be the military, the parents abandoned, RiYan not with the Wu; its family especially to the long gun law, the gun is seven feet long to eight feet, the gold its front and the wood for the handle, when the dance, the cold stars, luster luster silver light, splash water! Can not enter, used to face the enemy, the vector stone can not be destroyed, this has the beginning of the gun law also. According to the western doubt refers to the western region, Wu Yasushi's family, not its test carry on. As for when this law was introduced into the Central Plains, it is different, and do not have to look into it. In short, the gun law of the beginning of the Wu ate the family, can be undoubtedly.

Guns and spears, the same as the ancient battlefield is the most widely used long stabbing soldiers, after the Han Dynasty has been recorded, but the blade is long and sharp, has not yet been separated from the form of spearheads. Because of the inconvenience of the use of spears, the Jin Dynasty began to gradually popularize the use of guns, the bronze spearheads used at that time, the system is also slightly smaller than before, has been similar to the later generations of iron spearheads. Tang Dynasty, many good gun, "Five Dynasties History - Wang Yanzhang biography," said: "Yanzhang for people to spare brave and powerful, can barefooted crawling thorns line a hundred paces, holding an iron gun, riding and galloping raid, fight as fast as flying, and no one else can lift also, the army number Wang iron gun. After the Song Dynasty, the spear was basically replaced by the gun, not Zeng Gongliang's "martial arts" lists eighteen kinds of Song Dynasty long iron gun, including: pounding horse gun, double hook gun, ring gun, single hook gun, abduction gun, abduction gun, cone gun. South Song anti-Jin general Yue Fei, extremely good at making the gun, there are still Yue family gun law.

"History of the Song Dynasty - Li Quan biography": Li Quan "to the bow and horses, can transport the iron gun, when the name 'Li Iron Gun'." The whole wife Yang, "twenty years of pear flower gun, the world has no rivals.

Qi Jiguang "Jixing Xinshu" said: "the law of the long gun, began with Yang's, called the said Pear Blossom, the world salty Shang; its beauty lies in the familiar only, familiar with the heart can forget the hand, the hand can forget the gun; round fine with no stagnation, and not valuable to the static, static and the heart does not move, and the place of the Yu Ru, unpredictable, God infinite." Jin Yong's "Divine Eagle Warriors", Yang Kang with the Yang family gun method.

The Ming Dynasty is the martial arts hair and branch of the flourishing period, so the gun art in this stage, theory and technology have significantly improved, the various schools of gun, competing with each other colorful. He Liangchen "array of records" said: "horse family gun, sand family pole, Li family short gun, each has its own wonderful, long and short can be used simultaneously, virtual and real as much as its sharp, into the unstoppable, speed can not be and the world said invincible, but Yang's Pear Blossom gun law also." At that time respected Yang family gun law, because the Yang family gun "has the virtual reality, there are odd and positive; its into the sharp, its retreat speed; its potential danger, its section short; not moving like a mountain, moving like thunder". Ming Chongzhen eight years (A.D. 1635), the Ministry of War Minister Bi Moukang, "Military Instruments Illustrated", contains a fire burning pear gun, and explains: "pear gun to pear a tube, tied to the head of the gun, launch a few zhang, the enemy dizziness fell to the ground, the fire is finished with the gun to stab the enemy." This gun has both firearms effectiveness, before the emergence of new firearms, is clearly an effective weapon.

By the late Qing Dynasty, the lance tends to be simple, in favor of flat arrowhead-shaped blade, round-bottomed barrel, until today's martial arts movement is to use this type. Currently popular guns are big guns, flower guns, double-headed guns, short guns, double guns, hooks, guns and so on. The main uses of the gun are: zha, stab, tart, slam, wrap, circle, block, take, pounce, point, dial, dance flower and so on.

Eighteen weapons - sword

Sword, the ancient sacred products also, the supreme and noble, people and God Xian Chong. It is the ancestor of the short arm, the weapon of the close combat, with the Taoist arts profound, so into the mystery of the legend. In fact, because of the lightness of its carry, the wear of the divine, with the swiftness, so the princes and emperors, scribes and chivalrous, merchants and common people, and not to hold it as a matter of honor. Sword and art, since ancient times, often across the sands, domination of the martial arts, the establishment of the country, the line of benevolence and righteousness, so it has been passed down to the present day, is still the world's favorite, but also its glorious history, y rooted in the hearts of the people, the Sikhs can be passed on forever.

The sword was founded in the era of Emperor Xuanyuan. According to the yellow emperor's book: "The emperor took the first mountain of copper cast sword, to astronomy ancient word inscription"; according to the tube of the number of articles: "The former Gertian Lu of the mountain hair and out of the gold, Chiyu subject to the system, thought the sword armor". The above two said, like the Yellow Emperor and Chi You, are their own system of sword as a soldier.

According to the above, no matter who the founder of the sword, it was born in the era of the Yellow Emperor, no doubt. The Yellow Emperor in the people of the first four hundred and sixty-one five years [2704 BC] to build a temple, the country's name has the Xiong's, when it is still the beginning of the bronze period, but from this it is known that the sword's birth is extremely ancient, a long history, and therefore the later called "short soldiers of the mother", can be well deserved.

From the Yellow Emperor to the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, most of the swords were made of copper, and the quality of the swords was quite good, and the refining technology was gradually improved. During the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, the sword system was established, and the method of making swords was described in detail. Zhou Li Kao Gong Ji Yun: "Zhou officials peach for the sword, wax wide two inches and a half, two from the half, to its wax wide for the. Stem round as long as the. In its stem, after service, the body is very five stems, weighing nine clank [according to: Zhou Li six two and a half for a clank], said on the system, on the soil service. The body length of four stems, weighing seven tangerines, is called the middle system, and is served by the sergeant. The body length of three stems, weighing five clanks, the corporal served". Archaeological records: "sword, the ancient name of the weapon, two edges and ridge, from the back to the edge, called the wax, or called the eg [i.e., the sword body]. Back edge below, separated from the handle green, called the first [i.e., the sword disk], the first below the grasp of the place called stem [i.e., the hilt], the stem end of the spinning ring is said to be Doxor".

From the above, we can see that the sword has a sharp edge of the tip of the long weapon, and its size and length, end depending on the human body as a standard, it is necessary to measure the person to determine. Zheng E more detailed explanation of the sword, said "the size of the human form and length is not the same, the sword for their services, not directly to the view of the United States, to make each suitable for their own use. Therefore, the system for the three classes, to wait for the three classes of soldiers, so that with the appropriate and convenient. The stem of the sword is five inches long, the sword body if five times as long as the stem, then three feet, weighing nine clanks, then weighing three pounds twelve two also, the longest of the extreme, heavy to also, so it is called on the system. Only the long and powerful Shi, and then can win, so on the Shi served. Sword body four of its stem, the stem of the length of two feet five inches, weighing seven clanking, then two pounds fourteen two, the length of the light and heavy to be in, so it is called in the system. Only people who get in the appropriate service, so the sergeant service. If the sword body stops three of its stem, then two feet ear, heavy stop five clank, then two pounds one, two and three in the ear, light and short, so it is called under the system. The short form of the scholar and the power of the weak, can be served.

The above sword system, roughly used in ancient times, there are still many changes over the generations, since the Qin to Song, the change is particularly great. Zheng E cloud: "If the Qin and Han of the sword and the Song of the sword comparison, the Song of the long sword of twenty-one inches and three minutes, the Han of the long sword only seventeen inches and nine minutes. Song time short sword 15 inches and two minutes, Han time short sword only 10 inches and five minutes, so Song time sword than Han time sword long, and quality is better. Although the words, when there is evidence, but also not easy to agree. Cover to the use of the sword, although not exclusively for killing, but also for the scribes of the ornaments, but the study is still to defend themselves against the enemy as the main, such as the long sword is inconvenient to use, the sword is difficult to period of time to the far, short of the light and not easy to hit the firm, the long of the heavy and slow swing, both are not the sword system is appropriate. Evidence to the ancient books have said: "Han Gaozu battle three feet sword and get the world", the Han dynasty sword is less than two feet long said forgive some mistakes. If the comprehensive history of the sword recorded, roughly the length of the ancient sword, from one foot three inches to more than four feet ranging from the weight of two to three pounds, is consistent with the system set up by the people, should be credible.

The sword is also a good for the scholar, so the flow of art, the beginning of the body of the sword above the carving and engraving, followed by the hilt on the beautification of its type, additional chrysanthemum decorations, and then in the scabbard on the gold inlaid with jade, each of its craftsmanship, successive generations of the phase Fu, by all means or else.

The sword is a kind of short weapons, born from the spear-shaped stabbing soldiers and short daggers, began before the original in Yin and Shang, the shape is extremely short, only a short flat stem, and no tube. Ancient people used this sword in the waist, can cut and stab, to defend against bandits and wild animals. By the Zhou Dynasty, especially in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods, it had become the main short weapon, and the soldiers must have it. Even Feng Deceiver and Han Xin in the early Han Dynasty, though poor to no food, still carry it with them. The famous ones are dry general, moxie, longquan, tai'a, pure jun, zhanlu, fish intestines, giant que and so on. Spring and Autumn Longquan sword, there is still a hidden in the Forbidden City, is still very sharp, proving that our country in the manufacture and use of the sword, there is a very long history.

The Record of the Beginning of Learning - Martial Arts - Sword: "After that, there were Longquan in Chu, Tai'a and Gong in Qin, Ganjiong, Indicator, and Genus Skeleton in Wu, and Pure Hook, Zhanlu, Hao Cao, Fish Intestine, and Juque swords in Yue."

"Pipe" said: "The former Ge Tianlu mountain, hair and out of gold, Chi You received and system, thought the sword armor, the beginning of this sword."

"Wu Yue Spring and Autumn - Goujian conspiracy out": "The king of Vietnam is to make the employment, asked to the art of the sword and halberd. Virgin will see the king in the north, the road met a weng, called himself Yuan Gong, asked the virgin: 'I heard the son of a good sword, I would like to see.' The girl said: 'I dare not hide anything, but I would like to see you try. Then Yuan Gong that the forest in the bamboo, bamboo branches on the Jieqiao not fall to the ground, the female is Jiemou, Yuan Gong is flying up the tree, turned into a white ape, and then leave. See the king of Yue, the king of Yue asked: 'The way of the sword is like what?' The woman said: 'I was born in the deep forest, grew up in no one's field, no way not to practice. I don't reach the lords, but I am good at fighting, and I recite it endlessly. I did not receive it from anyone, but suddenly I had it.' The king of Yue said: 'How is her way?' The woman said: 'The way is very subtle and easy, and its meaning is very quiet and deep. Road has a portal, there is also yin and yang, open and close the door, yin decline and yang rise. Where the way of hand-to-hand combat, the spirit of the internal real, the external display of peace of mind, see like a good woman, take it like a fear of tigers. Bu form waiting for gas, and God to go. Not to be seen if the sun, biased as a rabbit, chasing the shape of the shadow, light as if the Buddha. Breathing in and out, less than the law prohibited. This way, a person when a hundred, a hundred people when ten thousand. The king wants to test it, and the test will be seen.'' The king of Yue that is to add the female number, said 'Yue female'." (Its words are wonderful and subtle, and y understand the essence of the sword. The so-called "portal yin and yang", that is, the sword fight in and out of the law. And "the spirit of the inner real, the outer show An Yi", is to describe the sword fight spirit focus, calm, watch the change into the shape of the move.)

Jin Yong even wrote this legend into his martial arts novel "The Sword of the Lady", and made a very in-depth delineation and exploration of the highest state of the sword.

In the sword practice, it is generally divided into "standing sword" and "traveling sword". "Standing Sword" generally refers to quick and agile movements, static movements are calm, rich in sculpture. On the other hand, the "traveling sword" is relatively less pause, continuous movement, uniform and brevet. At the same time, the sword also has a long spike, short spike points, spike, also known as the spike robe, its role is to dance to confuse the enemy, the rehearsal appears to be a dragon flying, beautiful image. Especially the long spike, with the sword fluttering, more subtle.

Sword practice requires that the body and the sword, the sword and God. Green Water Pavilion Miscellaneous Knowledge four said: sword "blade blade as long as the lance, and the body for the handle, micro-state Meilian You people's body, light as an ape bird, that is, the sword law." Here said "body as the handle", that is to say, the body to lead the sword, which is the key to practicing the sword.

The Spring and Autumn Annals of Wu and Yue - Goujian Wu 外外传" : "The king of Yue was by the armor of Tang Yi, with the sword of Buguang, the staff of Qu Lu's spear, out of the death of 300 people in the formation of the Guanxia." (Dianliu: "Zhou has the spear of Qu Lu.")

Han Liu Xi "interpretation of the name - interpretation of the military": "the sword, check also, so the defense check very also; and convergence also, to its arch in the body when convergence in the arm also. Its side of the nose said tsuba, tsuba, seek also, with the cross seek also. Its end is said to front, front end of the words also."

"Warring States policy - Han policy one": "Han pawns of the sword and halberd, are out of the meditative mountain, Tongxi, Mo Yang, shoulder. Deng Shi, Wan Feng, Long Yuan, Tai'a, all land broken horses and cattle, water hit the swan and geese." Deng Shi, Deng state workers casting swords, so the name Deng Shi. Wan Feng, Wan people in Feng Chi (Xingyang) cast sword, so the name. Long Yuan, Xiping, Henan Province, there is Longquan water, also known as Long Yuan, can quench the sword, special hard, so the name. Tai'a, "Wu Yue Chun Qiu": Wu has dry generals, Yue has Ouye,

"Wu Yue Chun Qiu - Helu Nei Chuan": Helu "dry generals please cast for the famous sword two. The dry generals, Wu people, and Ou Yezi with the same teacher, both for the sword. Yue came to offer three, Helu got and treasure, so that the swordsmith as two, one said dry general, two said Moye. Moye, dry general's wife. Dry general for the sword, pick five mountains of the iron essence, six of the gold Ying. Waiting for the sky ancestral ground, yin and yang the same light, all the gods in the view, the weather fell, and the essence of gold and iron is not pinned down to flow. ...... Then dry generals wife is cut off hair and claws, cast in the furnace. Make girls and boys three hundred drums installed, gold and iron is moistened, so as to become a sword. Yang said dry general, Yin said Moye. Yang Upright Turtle Wen, Yin for Man Li. Gan will hide its Yang, out of its Yin and offer. Helu of Wu is very important."

"Wu Yue Chun Qiu - Helu Lu internal biography": "Zhan Lu's sword evil Helu Lu's no also, is to go and out, the water line such as Chu. Chu zhaowang and awake, got the king of zhanlu sword in bed, zhaowang do not know why, is called wind beard and asked, ...... wind beard said: 'I heard that the king of wu got the more dedicated sword three, one is said to be fish intestines, two is said to be pan ying, three is said to be zhanlu. Fish intestines of the sword has been used to kill the king of Wu Bureaucrat also, Pan Ying to send its dead women, now Zhan Lu into Chu also. ...... I heard that the king of Yue Yun often make Ou Yezi made sword five, to show Xue candle, candle said: "fish intestines sword against the reason is not smooth, can not be served, the minister to kill the king, the son to kill the father." Therefore, Helu of Wu to kill Wang Bureaucrat. A Pan Ying, also known as Hao Cao, unlawful things, not beneficial to people, so to send to death. A Zhanlu, hardware of the English, the essence of the sun, send gas to the spirit, out of the God, the service has the power, can fold the charge to reject the enemy. However, the king has a plan against reason, its sword that is out, so go to the road to the road. Now the king of Wu has no way to kill the king to seek Chu, so Zhanlu into Chu.'"

"Primer - martial arts - sword": Zhao Ye "Wu Yue Spring and Autumn Annals" said: "Yue Wang Yun often hired Ou Yezi made sword five, three big and two small, three said How Cao. Qin guest Xue candle good phase sword, the king to take the ho cao show, Xue candle said: 'the real is not a precious sword also. Now ho cao five colors, dull no China, has perished its light, death of its God, this sword is not boarding chopped and humiliated, then fall in the drink.' The king said: 'I put the sword Lu bamboo, over and fall, broken gold beasts of the neck, drink moisten its edge, for the benefit of also.'"

"Primer - Martial Arts - Sword": "Wu Yue Spring and Autumn Annals" also said: "Yue Wang Yun Chang hired Ou Yezi made famous sword five, one said pure hooks, two said Zhan Lu, three said Hao Cao, four said the fish intestines, five said the giant Que. Qin guest Xue candle good phase sword, the king of Yue to take the ho Cao, huge Que, fish intestines, etc. show, Xue candle are said: 'not the sword.' Take pure hook show, Xue candle said: 'light as Qu Yang Hua, sunken as hibiscus was born in the lake, see its text as a line of stars, see its light as water overflowing in the pond, this pure hook.' Taking Zhanlu to show, Xue candle said: 'Good! The Ying of gold and iron, spit out the essence of silver and tin, send gas to the spirit, there are swimming out of the God, serve this sword, can be folded to cut down the enemy, the king of the people have a rebellious plan to go to the other country.' Yun Chang was to Zhan Lu offered Wu, Wu Duke Ziguang regicide Wu Wang Bureaucrat, Zhan Lu to go as Chu."

"Records of the Grand Historian - Su Qin Lianzhuan" Pei, "Collected Explanations" cited "Wu Yue Chun Qiu:" "The king of Chu called the wind mustache and said: 'I heard that the Wu have dry generals, the Yue have Ou Ye, I want to so please the two for the sword, can it?' Wind beard said: 'can.' Is to see two people for the sword, one said Longyuan, two said Tai'a."

"Primer - martial arts - sword": "Jia Zi": the ancient son of heaven twenty and crown, with a sword; the vassal thirty and crown, with a sword; the great doctor forty and crown, with a sword; the subordinate shall not be crowned, the common people have something to do with the sword, nothing shall not be with a sword."

"Primer - Martial Arts - Sword": "Spring and Autumn Annals": "The rite of passage is also emerging, the sword of the left, the blue dragon image; knife of the right, the white tiger image."

"Zhou official": "Peach's for the sword, wax (two edges) wide two inches and a half inches, two from half of the (sword ridge on both sides to kill tends to the eagles), to its wax wide for the stem around, long times, in its stem, set up its back, body length five of its stems long, weighing nine units of weight, said on the system, on the service of the Shi."

"Confucius Family Tales - Good Life":" Zilu Rong Suit see in Confucius, pull out the sword and dance, said: 'Ancient gentleman, solid with the sword since the defense!"

Zhuangzi - said the sword ":" King Wen of Zhao like the sword, swordsmen clip door, and guests more than three thousand people, day and night to hit each other in front of the dead and wounded, the age of more than a hundred people." From this, it can be seen that at that time, the sword is as the main martial arts exist.

"The Records of the Grand Historian - Xiang Yu Ben Ji": "Fan Zeng rose, out of the call Xiang Zhuang, said: 'The king of the king for the people do not tolerate, if you enter the front for the life of the life of the life, after the life, please use the sword to dance, due to hit the Pei Gong in the seat, kill it.' ...... Xiang Zhuang drew his sword and danced, Xiang Bo also drew his sword and danced, and shielded Pei Gong with his body wings, and Zhuang was not allowed to strike." ...... Zhang Liang said: 'Today, Xiang Zhuang drew his sword and danced, and his intention is always in the Pei Gong also.'"

"Han Shu - Arts and Letters - military books,": "Sword Road" thirty-eight articles.

The Han Dynasty sword art has been very well prepared, the sword fight shows the depth of martial arts attainments. Cao Pi "canonical - since the narrative": "Yu and learn fencing, read the division more than enough, the law of the four directions is different, only the capital is good. Between Huan, Ling, there is Huben Wang Yue good art, said in the capital. Henan Shi A said that the former and Yue tour, with its law, Yu learned from the A familiar. Tasted and Pingru General Liu Xun, Fenwei General Deng Zhan and other **** drink, the host heard that the exhibition of good arm, know the five soldiers, but also said that it can be empty-handed into the white blade. Yu and the sword for a long time, said the general is illegal, Yu Gu tasted good, but also got a good art, because of the request and Yu on. When the wine is sound and hot, square food Qian cane, they thought the staff, down the hall a number of crosses, three in its arm, around the big laughs. The exhibition is not equal, the cupboard is more. I said that my law is urgent, it is difficult to face the face, so Qi arm ear. The show said that I would like to resume a cross, I know that it wants to take a sudden cross also, because of the pseudo deep into the show fruit to find the front, but the Yu foot? The first time I saw him, he was cutting his forehead, and he was shocked to see that he was sitting in the middle of the table. Yu also sat down, said with a smile: 'In the past, Yang Qing made Chun Yu Yi to go to his old side, more secret techniques, now I also want to General Deng donate his old skills, more to receive the key to the road also.' I sat down and enjoyed myself." ("Three Kingdoms Zhi-Wei Shu-Wen Di Ji" Pei Song note cited) This sound and colorful record, reflecting the high quality of the sword and sword fighting style flourished at that time.

Yang Quan, "Theory of Things": "Ruan division of the knife, by the law of the spirit of the gold essence, July Geng Xin, see God in the door of the smelting monitor, to the west again, the gold God taught to the water and fire Qi, the chain of the five essences, the use of yin and yang, take the weather, take the and the rigid and flexible, three years for the knife thousands of 77070, the back of the knife clip edge, the square mouth of the Hong head, cut off the light micro-exhaustion of the silk hair of the Department of the hacking firm rigid and no changes in the different. "

But since the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, the scholarly mentality is full of Taoist gods and goddesses, demons, ghosts and monsters, the sword is changed into the town of evil and ferocious weapons, one if this several feet of iron, cast into the shape of a sword, that is, with supreme magical power. So the family hangs a sword, that is to think that Xiang, do not practice sword art, and thought the sword can be won since the enemy. Therefore, since the Tang Dynasty, the sword class short arms, there is a team for the interpretation of the use of Taoism, and the introduction of astray.

The soldiers from the army more with the knife and rarely use the sword, wear a knife more than wear a sword, which is obviously on the development of the sword has a considerable role in blocking.

The sword dance flourished in the Tang Dynasty, and Du Fu's "Sword Dance" described Gongsun Danniang's sword dance: "In the past, there was a beautiful Gongsun, a dance of the sword moving the four directions. The viewers were as frustrated as the color of the mountains, and heaven and earth were lowered for a long time. Such as Yi shoots nine suns down, as the group of emperors 4 dragons fly; come as the river and the sea condenses clear light." The sound and light of the sword, seem to hear as if to see, exquisite skills, such as the presentation of the eyes.

Ming Tang Shunzhi "martial arts" said: Song Taizong "selected hundreds of warriors of the army, taught to dance with the sword, are able to throw the sword in the air, jumping its body around the commitment, wonderful and incomparable. Will be the North Rongzhu messenger to repair tribute, give feast in the hall, because out of the swordsman to show, bare-breasted drum bath, waving the blade and enter, jumping and throwing to undertake, frost and snow blade, flying and dancing all over the air." These superb skills, later on the development of fencing routines and performance techniques, a great influence, so far we practiced martial arts routines, also have seen.

Jin Yong's "The Smiling Proud Wanderer" in the "Chong Ling sword", is a stunning stunts.

The Ming Dynasty schools of martial arts, based on the application of the sword, created a number of valuable sword, how Liangchen "array of records" cloud: "Bian Zhuangzi's strife strangulation method, Wang Ju's landing method, Mr. Liu's wish to respond to the law, Ma Mingwang's lightning method, the horse from the out of the hand," and so on, these swordsmanship for the development of later generations of swordsmanship, provides a useful material. These swordsmanship for the development of later generations of fencing, providing useful material.

The Ming Dynasty schools of martial arts, based on the application of the sword, created a number of valuable sword, how Liangchen "array of discipline" cloud: "Bian Zhuangzi's strife strangulation method, the Wang poly of the rise and fall of the law, Mr. Liu's wish to respond to the law, the horse Ming Wang's lightning method, Maqi's out of the law," and so on, these swords provide useful material for the development of the later generations of swordsmanship, provided the material. These swordsmanships have provided useful materials for the development of later swordsmanships.

The sword's stance is based on chopping, hacking, collapsing, teasing, grasping, washing, intercepting, stabbing, churning, pressing, hanging, cloud, etc. It is characterized by a combination of rigidity and flexibility. It is characterized by a combination of rigidity and flexibility, free and easy to swallow and spit, and is light, strong and graceful, as described in the boxing proverb, "the sword is like a flying phoenix", which can be seen from its wonderful.

Eighteen weapons - halberd

Halberd for one of the ancient weapons, created after the bow and arrow, shape and go a little the same, are horizontal edge; the old said for the straight edge, I do not know what this? It is different from the Go, aid slightly angled up, into a slanting out shape, and within the upper also have a blade. Ancient noble house, are standing halberd in the door, to show the official honor, is another weapon and both for ceremonial weapons carry on. After a slight change in form, aid and weapon handle, set up a beam, and aid into a reverse mounted crescent, shape change within the horizontal edge and for the straight edge of the tip of the gun, and there is a frame beam on the weapon handle, each side of an inverted mounted half-moon shape, the name is called the square sky painting halberd; beam below, and loaded with iron or ancient ingots, I do not know what it is used for, is not the later reserved strange and dazzling, that is, the weapon is also to be decorative yes? But today's weapons seen in the halberd, all with the style of the square sky painting halberd, or single-edged or double-edged vary. To the ancient halberd is not only not visible, that is, its shape to show the martial arts teacher, or and jaw and can not say its name, and then sighed at the loss of the ancient weapon, the ancient method can not be obtained. To halberd variant, I do not know when it began, and then into even abandoned the ancient and this, understand that there is a place for, but also can set up another name, why must borrow halberd as a name, if two similar, there can be said that the two things back to the different, absolutely no similarity, along with the habit of using it, can not be inconsistent. The person who is not necessarily seek strange, really can not follow the custom, also did not dare to agree; recorded in order, even if the people are not me, not counting; the world's skillful martial arts, or not to blindly follow the ear.

The halberd is a weapon that combines a spear and a goad, with a straight edge in front of the handle to stab the enemy, and a horizontal edge next to it, the coltan hooks and pecks the enemy, and has the dual role of hooks and thorns.

In 1975, Beijing suburban excavation of the early Zhou (about 1120 BC) wooden coffin tomb, unearthed bronze weapons, there are "halberd" nine, proving that: "halberd" this unique Chinese weapons, at least more than three thousand years of history.

The Zhou Dynasty halberd unearthed, indicating that the Zhou has been widely used. Ancient books contained "spines" that is "halberd". Zuo Zhuan - Hidden Duke eleven years ":" Ying Kaoshu hostage to go, Zidu pull the thorns to chase it. Du preview note: "spines, halberd also." The halberd is also one of the five weapons of the Warring States period, so it can be seen that the halberd was a common weapon at that time.

In 1974, a large number of weapons were unearthed from the burial pits of the terracotta warriors in the mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang in Lintong, Shaanxi Province, including Qin bows, arrowheads, spears, gorgets, battle-axes, and Wu hooks. It is the reproduction of the weaponry of the Qin Dynasty army two thousand two hundred years ago. Go, spear, halberd these three kinds of weapons, are resting on about three meters of long wooden handle, the lower end is equipped with copper, some of the spear handle is up to 6.3 meters long.

Han Liu Xi "interpretation of the name - interpretation of the military": "the car halberd is said to be often, the length of zhang six feet, the car is also held. Eight feet is said to seek, times seek said often, so it is also called often. Hand halberd, hand held by the halberd."

"Zhou Li - Kaogongji - Lu people ":" Lu people for the Lu ware, go six feet six inches, Shu long seek four feet, car halberd often."

Han Liu Xi "interpretation of the name - interpretation of the military": "Go, sentence Solo halberd also. Go, over also, the stabbing and pounding is decided over, the hooks lead to the system, can not be over also."

The Han Dynasty long armored heavy halberd, the length between the long armored and short armored. The Han Book - Dongfang Shuo biography ":" Wudi sat in the front hall of the Weiyang, Dongfang Shuo halberd standing." Indicates that the Han Dynasty civil servants also wielded halberds. (? ) There are also double halberd, "Three Kingdoms - Wu Zhi": "Sun Quan ride horse shooting tiger, cast to double halberd", "Gan Ning dance with double halberd", "Wei Zhi" "account of the strong man has Dianjun, lifting a double halberd eighty pounds. " . Visible halberd is not only widely used, and heavier.

Cao Pi "canonical theory - since the narrative": "The matter can not be said to be their own long, Yu less know how to hold the complex, said no right; commonly known as double halberd for sitting in the Iron Room, inlaid with a sheltered wooden household. After learning from Chen Guo Yuan Min, to single attack complex, each for if God, to the family do not know out, the first day if Feng Min in the narrow road, straight to the ear!" ("Three Kingdoms - Wei book - Emperor Wen Ji" Pei Song note cited)

Jin Dynasty, long soldiers heavy spear gun, halberd has been reduced to ceremonial weapons, soldiers are armed, not the halberd. Jinshu - Wang Joon biography ":" Joon up the road in front of the house, make wide dozens of paces, said: I want to allow halberd banner flag." It can be seen that the halberd has not been applied in the battlefield.

In the Tang Dynasty, the halberd has been widely used in dance. The Tang Dynasty halberd has been widely used in dance. Tang Book - Rituals and Music: "Taizong system of dance map, ordered Lu only to teach the figure of hundred and twenty-eight musicians, wearing silver armor, halberd and dance, every three changes, every change into four formations, like the thorns and exchanges, and singers and said, 'King of Qin Formation Music'." This is silver armor halberd, but the halberd has completely lost the nature of the weapon, reduced to dance.

Song Dynasty halberd is rarely used in battle. The martial arts scripture "in the long-handled iron knife class, painted a" halberd knife "can be known for its shape to adapt to the battlefield and change, not the original form of the halberd.

In the Qing Dynasty, there is a crescent halberd, or hand halberd, in addition to the crescent blade, there are sharp edges, curved hooks, but also with hooks, stabbing soldiers, cutting soldiers, soldiers and other roles.

At present, there are still halberd practitioners, halberd practice method is different from the knife and gun, halberd generally do not do the dance flower, to chop, stab, hook, slice, probe, hang captive, knock, for the main strokes.

The ancient halberd is divided into halberd immediately halberd, infantry halberd, double halberd and other different uses, after the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the same shape of the halberd, a variety of martial arts schools, there are also a variety of different ways to practice.

Eighteen weapons - axe

At the same time with the spear, also one of the ancient war. The Yellow Emperor had the name of the axe, which was not only used as a weapon at that time, but also used as a tool for punishment. Penal book interpretation of the name of the Yellow Emperor: five criminal, four said axe 銊. According to the five criminal that is armor, saw, drill, axe, whip is also. From this, the axe began when the Yellow Emperor, the reason is very clear; but at that time it did not matter thirty-six law, the enemy, but just chopping and chopping; as far as the Han, the South China barbarians to create the axe law, as the gun law created in the Wu Yasi's and flow into the Central Plains, but the originator of the why, is not available to carry on. The law is not thirty-six hands of the beginning, after the martial arts division, thus increasing the changes, so that unpredictable, become a weapon of war, so now pass the axe has