Can the teacher give me a chemical technology test or the content of the college entrance examination? I am a senior three now, and I don't know much about organic chemistry! thank you

O 1 chemistry and industrial and agricultural production

3 1.O 1[20 1 1？ Shandong Volume Chemistry-Chemistry and Technology

Water treatment technology is widely used in production and life.

(1) Water with _ _ _ _ _ ions is called hard water. Ionic equation of carbonate precipitation after hard water heating is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (only write one).

(2) If RH-type cation exchange resin and ROH-type anion exchange resin are connected in series to soften natural hard water, the hard water must first pass through _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (fill in "RH" or "ROH") type ion exchange resin, because _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(3) By applying a certain pressure, water molecules pass through a semi-permeable membrane and retain macromolecules or ions, and the method of obtaining pure water is called _ _ _ _ _ _. When electrodialysis is used to purify water, the driving force for ions to pass through the semi-permeable membrane is _ _ _ _ _ _.

(4) When testing the purity of distilled water, the simplest method is to determine the _ _ _ _ _ _ of water.

3 1.O 1[20 1 1？ Shandong Volume Chemistry-Chemistry and Technology

(1) Ca2+, Mg2+Ca2++2hco-3 = = △ CaCO3 ↓+CO2 ↑+H2O (or Mg2++2hco-3 = = △ MgCO3 ↓+CO2 ↑+H2O).

(2) 2) Mg(OH)2 may precipitate when RH passes through anion exchange resin first, which will affect the resin exchange effect.

(3) Potential difference (or electric field force) of reverse osmosis method

(4) Conductivity (or resistivity)

(1) Soluble Ca(HCO3)2 or Mg(HCO3)2 in hard water is decomposed into insoluble CaCO3 or MgCO3, CO2 and water.

(2) If hard water passes through ROH first, Mg(OH)2 will be precipitated, which will affect the exchange effect of resin.

(4) Distilled water is hardly conductive, so the purity of distilled water can be detected by measuring its conductivity.

6.O 1[20 1 1？ Sichuan Volume The following statement about "chemistry and life" is incorrect ()

A. barium sulfate can be used for barium meal fluoroscopy.

B. Brine can be used to make tofu.

C. Alum can be used for disinfection and sterilization of water.

Vinegar can be used to remove scale from thermos bottles.

6.O 1 analysis c barium has a high atomic number, which is not easy to be penetrated by x-rays, and can form obvious contrast with surrounding organs in the gastrointestinal tract, so barium-containing substances can be used for barium meal fluoroscopy, and barium ions are toxic, so barium-containing substances that can be used for barium meal must be insoluble in acid (gastric juice is acidic), so barium sulfate is the best choice, A is right; The light metal salt contained in the brine can make protein condense out of the solution (salting out), thus making tofu, B pair; Aluminum hydroxide colloidal particles produced by hydrolyzing alum dissolved in water into aluminum ions have a large surface area, which can adsorb suspended solids in water and precipitate them to achieve the effect of purifying water, but it does not have the effect of sterilization and disinfection, C error; The main components of scale are calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide. Acetic acid is acidic and stronger than carbonic acid, so it can dissolve scale.

29.F5、G2、O 1[20 1 1？ Sichuan Volume]

Developing hydrogen energy is the need to realize the sustainable development of society. SO2 produced by burning pyrite (FeS2) can be used to produce H2SO4 and H2 through the following iodine cycle process.

Please answer the following questions:

(1) It is known that 1gFeS2 releases heat 7. 1kJ, and the thermochemical equation of FeS2 combustion reaction is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(2) The total reaction equation of this cyclic process is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(3) According to the principle of chemical equilibrium movement, the purpose of separating H2 by membrane reactor in HI decomposition reaction is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(4) Ni-MH battery with high capacity and long life can be made by using rare earth hydrogen storage alloy after absorbing H2 as negative electrode material (represented by MH), NiO(OH) as positive electrode material and KOH solution as electrolyte. The total reaction when the battery is charged and discharged is:

Nickel hydroxide+metal hydride discharge charging nickel hydroxide+metal hydride

(1) When the battery is discharged, the electrode reaction formula of the negative electrode is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

② After charging, Ni(OH)2 was completely converted into NiO(OH). If the battery continues to charge, one electrode will produce O2, which will diffuse to the other electrode and be consumed by the electrode reaction, thus avoiding the explosion of the battery caused by the generated gas. At this time, the electrode reaction formula of the cathode is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

29.F5, G2, O 1 Answer (1) 4ES2 (s)+11O2 (g) = = high temperature 2Fe2O3 (s)+8SO2 (g); Δ δH =-3408 kJ/mol

(2)2H2O+SO2===H2SO4+H2

(3) Reduce the concentration of H2, make the decomposition equilibrium of HI move forward and improve the decomposition rate of HI.

(4)①MH+OH - e-===M+H2O

②2H2O+O2+4e-===4OH-

The principle of the analysis process is: ① SO2+I2+2h2o = = H2SO4+2hi, 22hi? H2+I2. Then the total reaction formula is ①+②, that is, 2h2o+SO2 = = = H2SO4+H2. (4)① The battery is a primary battery when discharging and an electrolytic cell when charging. As long as the laws of "negative oxidation and positive reduction" of primary battery and "positive oxidation and negative reduction" of electrolytic cell are clearly remembered, it is necessary to find out whether it is primary battery or electrolytic cell when writing the electrode reaction formula, and then divide the given total reaction into two and a half reactions, namely oxidation reaction and reduction reaction, and select them as needed. ② The cathode has two electrodes to react. The first stage is the reaction formula when charging, which can be easily determined as m+H2O+E-= = = MH+OH- by the method in ①, and the second stage is the electrolytic reaction formula of oxygen absorption. From the meaning that oxygen is reduced at the cathode, combined with the alkaline electrolyte solution in the battery, it can be seen that oxygen is reduced to OH-, so the electrode equation is: 2h2o+O2+4e-=.

1.O 1 [20 1 1？ Tianjin Volume Chemistry plays an important role in human life, and the following application is correct ()

A. Using silicon dioxide soaked in potassium permanganate solution to absorb ethylene released by fruits can achieve the purpose of keeping fruits fresh.

B. In order to improve the color, smell and taste of food and prevent deterioration, a large number of food additives can be added.

C. The use of phosphorus-free washing powder can completely solve the problem of water eutrophication.

D. Natural drugs have no toxic side effects and can be taken for a long time.

1.O 1 Analysis A part of food additives (such as preservative NaNO2) is harmful to human body, and B is wrong; Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are essential elements for plant growth, and it is difficult to solve the eutrophication problem of algae water only by solving phosphorus. C is wrong; "It's really three-point poison", some natural drugs are harmful to human body in excess, and D is wrong.

6.O 1[20 1 1？ Chongqing Volume 】 "Chemistry, Better Life", the following statement can not directly reflect this theme is ()

A. Wind power makes energy cleaner.

B. synthetic optical fiber makes communication faster.

C. Synthetic drugs make people healthier

D. Environmental protection paint to make the environment more livable.

6.O 1[20 1 1？ Chongqing Volume 】 Analysis A There is no chemical change in wind power generation, and other items react with new substances and belong to chemical changes.

Comprehensive utilization of O2 seawater

26.F4O2

[20 1 1? The schematic diagram of electrolytic saturated brine in chlor-alkali industry is shown on the right.

Figure 0

(1) The solute in solution A is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _;

(2) The ionic equation of electrolytic saturated brine is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

________________________________________________________________________。

(3) During electrolysis, hydrochloric acid is used to control the pH value of the solution in the anode area to 2-3. Explain the role of hydrochloric acid with the principle of chemical equilibrium movement: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

________________________________________________________________________。

(4) The brine for electrolysis should be refined to remove the influential Ca2++, Mg2++, NH+4 and SO2-4 [C (SO2-4) >; c(Ca2+)].

The refining process is as follows (dilute brine and solution A come from electrolytic cell):

Figure 0

(1) Salt mud A contains _ _ _ _ _ in addition to sediment.

(2) In process I, the ionic equation for converting NH+4 into N2 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

________________________________________________________________________。

③ The solubility of barium sulfate is less than that of barium carbonate. The ions removed in process II are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(4) After the third process, it is required that the residual Na2SO3 content in brine C is less than 5 mg/L ... If the NaClO content in brine B is 7.45mg/L, treat brine B with 10m3, and add 10%Na2SO3 solution _ _ _ _ _ _ _ kg at most (ignoring the volume change of the solution).

26.F4O2

(1) sodium hydroxide

(2) 2cl-+2h2o = = = charged H2 =+Cl2 =+2oh-

(3)Cl2 reacts with water: Cl2+H2O? HCl+HClO, increasing the concentration of HCl makes the equilibrium move in the opposite direction, reducing the dissolution of Cl2 in water, which is beneficial to the escape of Cl2.

(4)① Magnesium hydroxide

②2NH+4+3c L2+8OH-= = = N2 ↑+ 6Cl-+8H2O

③SO2-4、Ca2+

④ 1.76

Analysis (1) According to the composition of salt solution, the chemical equation of electrolytic saturated salt solution is 2 NaCl+2 H2O = = = = charged 2 NaOH+H2 ↑+Cl2 ↑, so solution A is NaOH solution; (2) NaCl and NaOH are strong electrolytes easily soluble in water and written in ionic form, so the ionic equation is 2cl-+2h2o = = = charged H2+Cl2+2oh-; (3) Cl2 is generated in the anode region, and the chemical equation of the reaction between Cl2 and water is Cl2+H2O? HClO+HCl, because the reaction is reversible, increasing the concentration of product HCl will reverse the equilibrium, reduce the solubility of Cl2 in water, and facilitate the escape of Cl2; (4)① When the pH of solution A is adjusted to 1 1 (strongly alkaline), Mg2+ will precipitate in the form of Mg(OH)2, so salt mud A contains Mg (OH) 2; ② In the process of transforming NH+4 into N2, the valence state of N increases, so the valence state of Cl decreases, that is, Cl2 is transformed into Cl-. According to the same valence, the stoichiometric numbers of NH+4 and Cl2 are 2 and 3 respectively. According to the law of atomic conservation, the stoichiometric numbers of N2 and Cl- are 1 and 6 respectively. According to the conservation of charge, it is known that OH- is added to the left of the equal sign and H2O is added to the right of the equal sign. (3) Because the solubility of BaSO4 is less than that of BaCO3, according to the principle of precipitation-dissolution equilibrium, it is known that after adding BaCO3 to the solution containing SO2-4, the following transformations will occur: SO2-4+baco3? CO2-3+baso4, the generated CO2-3 will react with Ca2+ in the solution to generate CaCO3 precipitate, so the removed ions are SO2-4 and Ca2+; ④ Na2SO3 was added to brine B to reduce NaClO. During the reaction, Na2SO3 was oxidized to Na2SO4 and NaClO was reduced to NaCl. According to the fact that the total number of valence increases and decreases is equal, it is known that the molar ratio of Na2SO3 to NaClO is 1: 1. The amount of NaClO in 65438+ 100m3 brine b is 7.45mg/l×10×10-3g/mg ÷ 74.5g/mol = 1mol. According to the known conditions, the amount of residual Na2SO3 is at most 5 mg/l×10×103 l×13 g/mg ÷126 g/mol ≈ 0.4 mol, so the mass of added Na2SO3 solution is at most.

Comprehensive utilization of oil, coal and natural gas

1.O3[20 1 1？ Chemistry is closely related to human life and social sustainable development. The following measures are conducive to energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental protection: ① accelerating the development and utilization of fossil fuels; (2) Developing biodegradable biological pesticides; (3) the application of efficient and clean energy conversion technology; (4) burning straw in the field; ⑤ Promote the use of energy-saving and environment-friendly materials. ( )

A.①③⑤B.②③⑤

C.①②④D.②④⑤

1. O3 analysis of fossil fuel B belongs to non-renewable resources, and accelerating mining is not conducive to energy saving and emission reduction, ① wrong; Developing biodegradable biological pesticides will reduce water pollution and soil pollution, which is beneficial to environmental protection. The application of efficient and clean energy conversion technology can improve energy utilization efficiency and is conducive to energy conservation and emission reduction. Burning straw in the field will cause air pollution and is not conducive to environmental protection. Promoting the use of energy-saving and environmental-friendly materials can save energy and protect the environment.

9.M4、O3[20 1 1？ Chemistry is closely related to production and life. The following statement is true ()

A. Dry distillation of coal and fractionation of oil are both chemical changes.

B.BaSO4 is used as barium meal in medicine, and Ba2 ++ is nontoxic to human body.

C. 14C can be used for dating cultural relics, and 14C and 12C are allotropes.

D. Glucose injection cannot produce Tindal phenomenon, and it is not colloid.

9.M4 and O3 analysis show that the dry distillation of D coal belongs to chemical change, while the fractionation of oil belongs to physical change, and item A is wrong; Ba2 ++ is a heavy metal ion, which is toxic, while BaSO4 is insoluble in water and acid and cannot be penetrated by X-rays, so it can be used as an oral medicine for barium meal in medicine, and item B is wrong; 14C and 12C are isotopes, and item c is wrong; Glucose is a small molecular substance, and its aqueous solution does not belong to colloid, so it cannot produce Tindal phenomenon. Item d is correct.

Development of O4 Chemistry, Materials and Technology

O5 chemistry and technical synthesis

20.O5 [20 1 1？ Hainan Chemistry Volume] Elective 2- Chemistry and Technology

The following statement is true ()

A. When preparing H2SO4 by "contact method", the reaction principle in the catalytic oxidation stage is 2SO2 (g)+O2 (g) catalyst △ 2SO3 (g) △ H.

B, the main steps of extracting magnesium from seawater are as follows

Calcium carbonate (s) hydrochloric acid

Seawater-magnesium hydroxide (S)- magnesium chloride (AQ)- electrolytic magnesium (L)+ magnesium chloride (G)

C. The main component of ordinary cement is calcium silicate.

D. the main component of clay is alumina.

Using salt and limestone as main raw materials, 20-Ⅱ soda can be produced by different methods. Please answer the following questions:

(1) Lublan process uses salt, limestone, concentrated sulfuric acid and coke as raw materials to produce soda ash through high-temperature calcination, leaching and crystallization.

(1) The chemical equation of the reaction between salt and concentrated sulfuric acid is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

② The chemical equation of the reaction of sodium sulfate with coke and limestone is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

(2) The ammonia-alkali process is shown in the figure, and the obtained sodium bicarbonate is calcined to produce soda ash.

Figure 0

(1) In the figure, the intermediate product C is _ _ _ _ _ _ _, and the d is _ _ _ _ _ _. (write chemical formula);

② The chemical equation of the reaction in device B is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

________________________________________________________________________;

(3) The combined alkali process is an improvement of the ammonia-alkali process, and its advantages are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

________________________________________________________________________;

(4) Some people think that the chemical properties of potassium bicarbonate and sodium bicarbonate are similar, so potassium carbonate can also be prepared from potassium chloride and limestone by ammonia-alkali method. Please combine the following curve of solubility with temperature to analyze and explain whether it is feasible. ________________________________________________________________________。

Figure 0

20.o5ⅰ:A

Ⅱ: (1)12 NaCl+H2SO4 (concentrated) = = = high temperature Na2SO4+2HCl↑ =

② Na2SO4+4C+CaCO3 = = = = high temperature Na2CO3+CAS+4Co =

(2)① Calcium hydroxide and ammonia

②NaCl+NH3+CO2+H2O = = = nah co 3↓+NH4Cl

(3) high utilization rate of raw materials

(4) No, the solubility of KHCO3 varies greatly with temperature. When potassium chloride and limestone are used as raw materials, KHCO3 is dissolved in too much water and the yield is too low.

Analysis ⅰ: Because magnesium has strong activity, it needs to electrolyze molten MgCl2 during preparation, so item B is wrong; The main components of ordinary cement are: tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate and tricalcium aluminate. , item C error; The main component of clay is Al2O3? 2SiO2？ 2H2O, item d error.

Ⅱ: (1) ① According to the second question, one of the reaction products of salt and concentrated sulfuric acid is sodium sulfate, so the reaction equation is: 2 NaCl+H2SO4 (concentrated) = = high temperature Na2SO4+2HCl.

② One of the products is CaS, that is, the valence state of S in Na2SO4 is reduced from +6 to -2, and the coke in the reactant should be the reducing agent. Because the reaction condition is high temperature, coke participates in the reaction, and the oxidation product is CO. The reaction equation is: Na2SO4+4C+CaCO3 = = = = high temperature Na2CO3+CAS+4CO =

(2) CaO generated by limestone calcination in A enters device C to react with water to obtain product C, that is, C is Ca(OH)2, D is the product of the reaction between Ca(OH)2 and NH4Cl, and enters device E to react, and D is NH3, then the reactants in device B are NaCl, NH3, CO2 and H2O, that is, the reaction equation is NaCl+NH3+CO2+H2O = = nahco3 ↓+.

(3) The utilization rate of raw materials in ammonia-alkali process is only 75%, and the produced CaCl2 _ 2 is sticky and difficult to handle. The combined alkali process makes full use of various raw materials.

(4) As can be seen from the changes in the figure, the solubility of KHCO3 varies greatly with temperature. When potassium chloride and limestone are used as raw materials, KHCO3 is dissolved in too much water and the yield is too low.

16.O5 [20 1 1？ Jiangsu Chemical Volume 】 Ferric chloride crystal (FeS2 3? The process flow of 6H2O) is as follows:

Figure 0

Answer the following questions:

(1) Under certain conditions, the reaction from SO2 to SO3 is 2SO2 (g)+O2 (g)? 2SO3(g), the equilibrium constant of the reaction is expressed as k = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ The chemical equation of the reaction between excess sulfur dioxide and sodium hydroxide solution is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

(2) Excess hydrochloric acid should be kept in acid dissolution and subsequent process for the purpose of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(3) When chlorine gas is introduced for oxidation, the ionic equation of the main reaction is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _; The tail gas produced in this process can be absorbed by alkali solution, and the gas that pollutes the air in the tail gas is _ _ _ _ _ (write chemical formula).

16.O5

( 1)K=c2？ SO3？ c？ O2？ c2？ SO2？ SO2+NaOH===NaHSO3

(2) Improve the leaching rate of iron and inhibit the hydrolysis of Fe3+

(3)Cl2+2Fe2+===2Cl-+2Fe3+ Cl2、HCl

Analytical (1) chemical equilibrium constant is the product of the concentration power of the product and the concentration power of the reactant, so the reaction k = C2? SO3？ c2？ SO2？ c？ O2？ ; Excess sulfur dioxide reacts with NaOH solution to generate sodium bisulfite: NaOH+SO2 = = nahso3; (2) The purpose of keeping excessive hydrochloric acid in the process of acid dissolution is to fully dissolve iron compounds and convert them into ions, and the purpose of keeping excessive hydrochloric acid in the subsequent process is to inhibit the hydrolysis of Fe3+; (3) Chlorine oxidizes ferrous ions to generate ferric ions and chloride ions; (4) The tail gas contains unreacted chlorine gas and volatile acid hydrogen chloride gas.

36.O5[20 1 1？ The main component of ordinary paper is cellulose. In the early paper production, alum was often used to fill the micropores on the paper surface to prevent the ink from spreading. Please answer the following questions:

(1) It is found that paper will become brittle and damaged due to acid corrosion, which seriously threatens the preservation of paper cultural relics. Through analysis and inspection, it is found that acid corrosion is mainly related to the alum coating process in papermaking, and the chemical principle is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ In order to prevent acid corrosion of paper, additives such as calcium carbonate can be added to paper pulp. The chemical (ion) equation of this process principle is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

(2) In order to protect these paper cultural relics, the following measures are suggested:

① Spray alkaline solution, such as dilute sodium hydroxide solution or ammonia water. The main problem caused by this operation is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _;

② Spraying Zn(C2H5)2 can react with water to produce zinc oxide and ethane. Use chemical (ion) equation to express the principle of zinc oxide generated by this method and the prevention of acid corrosion _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(3) In modern papermaking technology, titanium dioxide (TiO2) is often used to replace alum. An industrial preparation method of titanium dioxide takes ilmenite (the main component is ferric oxide) as raw material, and is carried out according to the following process. Please complete the following chemical equation:

①feti O3+C+Cl2 = = = = 900℃TiCl 4+FeCl 3+CO

②TiCl 4+O2 = = = = = 1000 ~ 1400℃TiO 2+Cl2

36. The hydrolysis of O5 (1) alum produces an acidic environment. Under acidic conditions, cellulose is hydrolyzed and polymer chains are broken.

CaCO3+2H+===Ca2++CO2↑+H2O

(2) (1) Excessive alkali may also cause cellulose hydrolysis, which may lead to books being soiled.

②Zn(C2H5)2+H2O===ZnO+2C2H6↑

ZnO+2H+===Zn2++H2O

(3)①2 6 7 2 2 6 ② 1 1 1 2

Analysis (2) According to the meaning of the question, Zn(C2H5)2 can react with water to generate ZnO and ethane, and its chemical equation can be written. The generated ZnO can consume H+ to prevent acid corrosion.

(3) ① Ti is +4 and Fe is +2 in Fetio3. According to the characteristics of chemical equation, the method of determining 1 (that is, assuming that the stoichiometric number of Fetio3 is 1) combined with electron conservation equilibrium can be adopted, and finally the fraction in stoichiometric number can be eliminated.

1.[20 1 1? Quanzhou Yimei] In the industrial production method of sulfuric acid, the following production operations and the reasons for the operations are correct ().

A pyrite particles need to be crushed before combustion, so they are easily sent to fluidized bed furnace.

B the furnace gas needs to be purified and dried before entering the contact chamber, because the impurities in the furnace gas easily react with SO2.

C. When SO2 is oxidized to SO3, a catalyst is needed, which can improve the conversion rate of SO2.

D. The reaction temperature in the contact chamber is controlled at 400 ~ 500℃, because the reaction rate and SO2 conversion rate are ideal within this temperature range, and the activity of the catalyst is also high.

1.D

2.[20 1 1? Taiyuan] If seawater desalination is used to supply drinking water, the following methods are totally infeasible in principle ().

A, salt in seawater is desalted by alum precipitation.

B. seawater is distilled and desalinated by solar energy.

C, slowly solidifying the seawater to obtain desalinated drinking water.

D, passing seawater through ion exchange resin to remove salt ions contained therein.

2. Analysis of seawater desalination methods: distillation, electrodialysis and ion exchange. Option a, add alum, the main component of alum is KAl(SO4)2? 12H2O can't precipitate salt in seawater, so it can't desalinate seawater.

3.[20 1 1? At present, the following processes do not directly use ion exchange technology ().

A. softening hard water B. electrolyzing saturated salt solution to generate NaOH.

C, desalting seawater by electrodialysis D, extracting metallic magnesium from seawater.

3.d Analysis option A: Soften the commonly used ion exchange resin with hard water to remove calcium and magnesium ions; Option b, ion exchange membrane is often used to prevent gas molecules or anions from passing through electrolytic saturated salt solution; Scheme c, cation exchange membrane and anion exchange membrane are also used for electrodialysis desalination of seawater; Scheme D: adding hydrated lime to generate magnesium hydroxide precipitate without ion exchange membrane, filtering, then adding hydrochloric acid to concentrate and crystallize, then dehydrating in hydrogen chloride atmosphere, and finally preparing metallic magnesium by electrolytic melting magnesium chloride.

4.[20 1 1? Wuwei entrance exam 】 The following statement is true ()

A. Coal, oil and natural gas are the three most important fossil fuels in the world today, which are inexhaustible.

B. Coal is a complex mixture of inorganic matter and organic matter, which mainly contains carbon and hydrogen.

C petroleum mainly contains two elements, carbon and hydrogen, and also contains a small amount of sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen and other elements.

Both coal and oil are formed from the remains of ancient plants buried underground, or through a series of very complicated changes in the earth's crust.

4.c It is wrong to analyze that the reserves of coal, oil and natural gas on the earth are limited, not inexhaustible; Coal mainly contains carbon, but does not contain carbon and hydrogen, B is wrong; C is correct; Oil is formed by the remains of ancient animals and plants through very complicated changes in the crust, and D is not exact.

5.[20 1 1? X is a polymer material with excellent performance, and its structural formula is? CHCNCHCNCH2CH？ OCOCH3 has been widely used in the sensing of sound, heat and light. It is formed by proper reaction of three monomers: HC≡CH, (CN)2 and CH3COOH. According to the structural formula of X, the reaction types in the synthesis process are ().

① Addition reaction ② Substitution reaction ③ Polycondensation reaction ④ Addition polymerization reaction.

⑤ Esterification reaction

A.①④⑤ B.①④

C.①②④ D.①②③

5. The analysis of B shows that X is the product of addition polymerization. The two monomers are NCCH=CHCN and CH2=CHOCOCH3. Obviously, the former is the addition product of HC≡CH and (CN)2, and the latter is the addition product of HC≡CH and CH3COOH, so option B is correct.

6.[20 1 1? Seawater is a rich resource, and many substances can be extracted from seawater in industry, which is widely used in life, production and scientific and technological fields. Figure K52- 1 is a schematic diagram of comprehensive utilization of seawater resources in a factory.

Figure K52- 1

Answer the following questions:

(1) The name of operation A in the flowchart is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.