About RMS Titanic

Titanic (English RMS Titanic), 1985 Taiwan and Hong Kong known as Titanic, the early 20th century British-made one of the world's largest luxury passenger ships at the time, at the time known as the "never-sinking", but on April 15, 1912 from Southampton to New York in the maiden voyage, hit an iceberg in the North Atlantic Ocean and sank, due to a lack of sufficient lifeboats, 1,500 people were buried at the bottom of the sea, resulting in one of the worst maritime accidents in peacetime and by far the most famous. On its maiden voyage from Southampton to New York on April 15, 1912, the ship struck an iceberg in the North Atlantic Ocean and sank. Due to the lack of enough lifeboats, 1,500 people were buried at the bottom of the sea, resulting in one of the worst peacetime maritime accidents of the time, and one of the most famous to date. The American movie "Titanic" is based on this true story.

"Titanic "*** cost 75 million pounds, tonnage of 46,328 tons, 882.9 feet long, 92.5 feet wide, from the keel to the top of the four large chimneys have 175 feet, the height of the equivalent of 11-story building. It was a first-class ultra-luxury megaship at the time.

In May 2006, the last female survivor to witness the event died at the age of 99 years. There are two female survivors still alive, but they were less than a year old at the time of the accident and therefore will have no recollection of the incident.

Building process

Construction of the Titanic began on March 31, 1909 at the Hanand-Wolfe shipyard in Belfast, Northern Ireland's largest city. The hull was launched on May 31, 1911. She was also the second ship of the Olympic class built by White Star Line at the same shipyard. At the time, she was the largest and most prestigious manned mail ship. Titanic had a length of 260 meters, a breadth of 28 meters, a tonnage of 46,329 tons (21,831 tons net), and a displacement of 66,000 tons on an unprecedented scale! Although she contained more space resulting in a larger gross tonnage (1,600 tons more than Olympic). Her hull was still exactly the same size as her sister ship Olympic. The ship had a crew of 899 and could carry 3,300 passengers. She was also called the RMS Titanic because she also carried mail. Only 3 of the 4 chimneys, which were also huge, actually worked. The remaining one was a companion, and its only real use was as a chimney for the main galley. The power system had three main engines: two of them were four-cylinder reciprocating steam engines and one steam turbine, with a main engine of 50,000 horsepower and a speed of 23 to 24 knots.

But White Star's interest was not in this aspect of the pursuit of speed. Titanic's baker Biggs recalled, "...... There will never be another ship like her. I have worked on the Olympic, the Solemnity and the Queen Elizabeth ....... None of them compare to Titanic. ...... Nice, like the Olympic, but much more luxurious. Let's say the Grand Dining Room, the Olympic didn't even have carpeting. The Titanic, on the other hand, had carpeting so thick you could get down to your knees ...... Then there was the furniture, which was so heavy you couldn't lift it. And all that siding ...... They could have built a bigger, faster ship, but Titanic put all her strength into camping a space of luxury and comfort ...... She was indeed a remarkable ship... ..." What Biggs says is a common observation. Titanic made all those who built and designed her tempted. The magnitude of that temptation has made her increasingly popular over the years. In the words of The Shipbuilder magazine, Titanic "imitated the Palace of Versailles in many details. ...... The lounge, filled with Louis XV-style furniture, was similar in style to the salon of the Petit Trianon in France, and the carvings on the mantelpiece were of the 'Goddesses of the Hunt of Versailles'. There were other fine bas-reliefs and works of art ...... fine teak and brass decorations, chandeliers and frescoes, Indian and Persian carpets". Even third class cabins had marble sinks and bedside heating. Titanic was unrivaled luxury for her time. Although she was not the first ship to offer a deck pool, gymnasium, bathrooms and elevators, she did her best to provide a level of service never seen before. For first class passengers, she provided three lifts; as an innovation, she provided one lift for second class passengers. Economy class passengers still had to climb stairs.

One of her most famous features is her luxurious staircase. James Cameron faithfully recreated this staircase in his movie.

Although Olympic and Titanic are sister ships, some of the detailed parts are not the same. After observing Olympic on her maiden voyage, it was found that people on A deck would get sprayed with water, and the walkway through B deck was underutilized. Both of these shortcomings have been improved on Titanic, with a portion of B Deck being converted into a private, dedicated terrace for the First Class Deluxe Suites.

Titanic is considered a definitive work of technical achievement. What Titanic was even more relished for was safety. The two-story bottom, divided into 16 watertight compartments by 15 watertight bulkheads with automatic watertight doors, spanned the entire ship. 16 watertight (watertight) compartments prevented her from sinking. Curiously, these watertight compartments did not extend very high. The first two watertight bulkheads, along with the last five, were built only as far as D deck. The middle eight walls, on the other hand, were only set up as far as E deck, which was one deck lower. Nevertheless, with any two of the compartments filled with water, she could still be driven, and even with four of them filled with water, she could be kept afloat. People at the time could not envision a worse scenario, so the Titanic was called "the ship that never sank". One of the crew members told a second-class passenger, Sylvia Caldwell, during the voyage, "Even if God himself came, he couldn't sink this ship."

Maiden voyage

Titanic finished fitting out on Feb. 3, 1912, and the maiden voyage was initially scheduled for March 20th. But Olympic's ill-fated collision in September 1911 (with the RMS cruiser HMS Hawker) delayed Titanic's final closing. Her maiden voyage was scheduled for April 10th. This was to be preceded by sea trials on April 1st. All was well. Titanic arrived in Southampton harbor on the 3rd and anchored in anchorage 41, waiting for the exciting moment on the 10th. As an unpleasant side note, there was a slight setback in coaling due to a strike by coal workers in Southampton Harbour, and IMM did not want to delay Titanic's maiden voyage any further, so they raided all the company's coal bunkers from all the mail ships moored in Southampton Harbour.

On April 10, 1912, the Ocean Terminal in the Port of Southampton was swarming with people. The "never-sinking" Titanic set sail for the New World. The docks were crowded with passengers, family members seeing her off, baggage handlers and customs inspectors. At 11:00 a.m., the first chimney spewed out white steam. 25 of the 29 boilers began to fire in turn. At exactly 12:00 noon, Titanic slowly left the dock, pulled by a tugboat. The two outer propellers began to churn the waters of Southampton Harbor. Titanic sailed past the mail ships Solemnity (not the one later reparated by Germany), Philadelphia, St. Louis, Oceanic, and New York, which were moored in the harbor, sounding their horns in turn to salute them. The 46,000-ton brig seemed to be an attraction to the other ships. Under the suction of the current, the hull of the Mail Ship New York began to close in on Titanic, but fortunately the anchor chains and cables pulled her in just in time. Titanic's tug, the Volgan, pushed the New York's hull back. The world's largest mail ship began its first and only voyage.

At 7:00 p.m. that night, Titanic arrived in the French port of Cherbourg. Another group of passengers and cargo boarded the Titanic on two special ferries, the Nomad and the Traffic, including the American millionaires Astor and Mrs. Margaret Brown, who would later be featured in newspaper articles. Mrs. Brown - later dubbed by newspapers as the "Unsinkable Mrs. Brown" - arrived on the Titanic at noon the next day. At noon the next day, the Titanic arrived in Queenstown (today's Cork), Ireland. A group of Irish immigrants with visions and hopes for the new world boarded the ship. A passenger disembarked here, and he snapped a photo that later became an out-of-print photo of the Titanic, and today is worth a fortune to collectors.

In order to cross the Atlantic as fast as possible, Titanic chose the shorter distance of the northern route. Temperatures were dropping. But the weather was very clear. Surviving crew members said afterward that they had never seen the North Atlantic so serene before. Following Ismay's orders, Titanic increased her speed to 25 knots the next day. Although it was thought that Canard's strategy of seeking only to go fast lowered the company's image, White Star was eager to get a blue float to show off. Along the way, nothing much happened to the Titanic. Philip, the ship's telegraph operator, was busy sending expensive private telegrams on behalf of the first class passengers, mostly peace announcements and instructions for the delivery of stock sales and purchases.

Sunday night, April 14, 1912, was a calm night. There wasn't even any wind at all. If there had been, the ship's lookouts would have noticed the dots of phosphorescence from the waves lapping against the icebergs. The Titanic was sailing partway across this dark, icy ocean at 22 knots. Receiving ice reports from many nearby ships, Captain Smith ordered the lookouts to take a closer look. This year the icebergs had drifted farther south than in previous years. Surprisingly, however, White Star had not equipped the lookouts with binoculars, despite customizing first class cabins with gold-plated stair handles and hand-woven carpets from India! At 11:40 a.m., the lookout, Frederick Flyte (who later survived), was taken off the ship. Frederick Fleet (who later survived) spotted a dark shadow "the size of two tables" in the distance, growing larger at a rapid rate. He struck the alarm bell on the bridge three times and grabbed the phone, "Iceberg directly ahead!" . Moody, the sixth mate who answered the phone, informed Murdoch, the first mate next to him. Murdoch ordered a slowdown, full left rudder, and stopped the ship to reverse. In hindsight this proved to be a most foolish decision. The best option at the time was either to accelerate with full left rudder and take some risks, or to slow down and hit the iceberg with the solid bow. on that cold April night in 1912, the Titanic and the iceberg had the kiss of death.

The results of this collision were later known. But the passengers and crew of the ship had a mixed reaction. Some of the passengers in the first and second class cabins who were not sleeping well were awakened by a slight scraping sound of metal. The ship shook slightly. Some thought it had hit a big wave, others thought it had hit a reef, and still others thought the propeller had malfunctioned. But the passengers in the cabin below felt the vibration much more violently. Some passengers saw cream-colored icebergs scraping by outside the portholes. Some of the ice that brushed off fell into the cabin. The immigrant passengers in the lower decks of the unification cabins were even more alarmed to find that cold, biting seawater was roiling through the doorway from nowhere. The ship soon stopped. Some of the passengers put on their coats and went out on deck. Stars were twinkling over the North Atlantic, while the temperature was one degree below zero. A warm yellowish light emanated from the windows of the Titanic under the dark sky. White steam smoke rose from four tall yellow and black chimneys. Suddenly, three of them burst into a deafening roar and hiss. Passengers who knew their way around a steam engine knew that it was the ship's boiler safety valves releasing excess superheated, high-pressure steam. Notified, Captain Smith and Harlan? Wolfe & Company's chief shipbuilding engineer, Thomas? Thomas Andrews, Harlan Wolfe's chief ship engineer, inspected the damage. Seawater was pouring into all five of the forward compartments. Seawater appeared to be methodically spreading across H deck. Packets of mail floated on the seawater, illuminated by the dim lights of the mail compartments. After checking all the watertight compartments, Andrews calmly told Captain Smith, "The ship is hopeless." Captain Smith asked how much time was left and was answered with one hour, two at the most. What happened after that, everyone is already very clear. 15 at 0:05 am, Captain Smith ordered to prepare to release the lifeboats. 0:15 am, Titanic issued a "CQD MGY" call signal. CQD is the then common distress signal, MGY is the Titanic's radio call code. Soon after, the SOS distress signal, which had recently been recognized by the International Maritime Association, was sent out. Many ships in the Atlantic received distress telegrams. The Canadian Pacific's Temple Mount, Carnard's Carpathia, the Russian freighter Burma, and the Frankfurt and Virginia ...... were all speeding toward the wreck. Exceptionally, the telegraph operator of the irregular passenger ship Californian, just 18 nautical miles away, turned off his telegraph and went to bed. The ship had been trapped by ice floes for nearly a day, and nothing much had happened on board all night, and nothing much seemed likely to happen.

At 0:45 the first lifeboat was lowered. The first distress rocket was fired from the ship. A glittering white spark fell slowly. 0:55, the Titanic's bow was already in the water. Work by the lifeboats was a mess, and although the virtue of women and children (those in first and second class) boarding the lifeboats first was observed, many of the lifeboats were lowered in a half-empty state. The crews could not be blamed for this, however, as the nautical community at the time agreed that lifeboats could be damaged or even capsized if they were lowered with a full load of people. Titanic's lifeboats were designed to be sturdy, but the crew didn't know this. As a result, the lifeboats, which could carry 1,178 people, only went up with 651 (some others were rescued in the lifeboats after jumping overboard). By 1:40, the last folding lifeboat was lowered into the sea. The ship's band accompanied the passengers and played music to soothe those destined to die in a few minutes until the very end. Faced with the choice between life and death, some chose to die like gentlemen, with the wealthy Guggenheim donning a night gown, "Even if I die, I'll die like a gentleman." Mrs. Evans from Denver gives up her lifeboat seat to the mother of a child, while Ismay, the chairman of the White Star Company, leaves his passengers, his crew, and his ship behind and jumps into a lifeboat at the last minute. The good and the evil of human nature are here revealed in all their splendor. As more and more seawater poured into the front of the ship, the stern of the ship gradually left the water's surface and rose high into the air. At 1:35 a.m., seawater soaked into the boiler room. 2:10 a.m., Phillips, who had been at his post, sent out the last telegram to call for help. 2:13 a.m., the ship's 29 large boilers left their bases, smashed through the watertight wall of each other, and smashed through the large holes in the bow part of the ship to fall into the sea. 2:17 a.m., seawater flooded into the central power control room, triggering a short circuit, and the lights of the entire ship went out. 2:18 a.m., with a loud break in the water, the ship's lights went out. 18 minutes, along with a loud cracking sound, the Titanic hull from the middle of the three and four chimneys broken into two. 2:20, the bow part of the ship sank into the sea, the latter half smashed back to the surface, within a minute followed by the first half of the Titanic sank into the water together. 1503 passengers and crew went with it.

Those who fell into the water quickly lost consciousness. Rapid loss of body temperature, nerve paralysis and death awaited them. People in the lifeboats were also frozen half to death. Some were clinging to the capsized No. 2 lifeboat by sheer force of will, half submerged in the freezing water. Mrs. Brown in No. 6 lifeboat was adamant about rescuing those still submerged, but was threatened severely by the lifeboat crew. The Carnation passenger ship Carpathia was the first to arrive at the scene of the accident at 3:30 a.m. At 4:00 a.m., the crew of the Carpathia spotted the first lifeboat in the dim light of dawn in the North Atlantic. Rescue efforts continued until 8:30 a.m., when lifeboat No. 12 was rigged. Of the 2,208 crew and passengers on board Titanic, only 705 survived. The Carpathia's captain and chaplain led a memorial service in the Grand Dining Room. at 8:50 a.m., turned around and returned to New York.

On November 18, the Carpathia arrived in New York Harbor. Passing the Statue of Liberty, tens of thousands of people watched from the Battery Shore on Manhattan Island. At Pier 54, about 30,000 people stood in the rain and silently greeted the survivors of the Titanic. The news of the sinking of the Titanic shocked the entire Western world. The shock level of the people at that time was no less than that of the 9.11 incident in the United States in this century. Flags were lowered to half-mast in many places on both sides of the Atlantic. King George V of Britain and President Taft of the United States exchanged messages of condolence. Kaiser Wilhelm II also sent telegrams of condolence.

Consequences and Impact of the Accident

The Titanic was a product of mankind's beautiful dream when it reached its peak, reflecting mankind's strong self-confidence in mastering the world. Her sinking showed mankind the mysterious power of nature and the unpredictability of fate. Until the day the Titanic sank, the people of the Western world had enjoyed 100 years of stability and peace. Technology was steadily advancing, industry was developing rapidly, and people were confident about the future. The sinking of the Titanic awakened all this. The "unsinkable ship" - the largest man-made steel structure since the Eiffel Tower, the great achievement of the industrial age - sank on its first maiden voyage because of its carelessness and indifference to the forces of nature. The Titanic will always remind people of the price paid for mankind's arrogant confidence. People will never forget this picture: Titanic at the bottom of the sea with her head held high, the wreckage and stains can not hide her nobility. This is where she belongs. History has become a legend.

The disaster shocked the international community. It proved to some that human beings and their technological achievements are no match for the forces of nature.

At that time, the steelmaking technology was not very mature, and the steel produced could not be used for shipbuilding by modern standards. The steel plates used on the Titanic contained many chemical impurities such as zinc sulfide, which made them even more fragile when immersed in cold seawater for long periods of time.

On the other hand, the Titanic impact diagram and the public thought is not consistent: the Titanic sinking form there are also many stories. Including the whole ship sinking; the hull near the middle of the 2nd and 3rd chimneys folded, and then each to sink vertically; the hull near the middle of the 3rd and 4th chimneys folded, and then the front part of the hull dragging the rear of the ship, the rear of the ship sinking vertically. Until September 1, 1985, when the famous scientist Ballard in Newfoundland about 380 miles southeast of the sea to find the wreckage of the Titanic, respectively, the first 2 chimneys of the bow part, as well as the fourth chimney after the stern part of the ship, on the preliminary proof of the third theory. And this theory was later experienced in the movie "Titanic" directed by James Cameron. At the time, it was thought that the hull section of the 3rd chimney would never be found because it had been blown to pieces. However, in August 2005, an archaeological team sponsored by the History Channel found this part of the ship's hull 500 meters after the wreckage, which was about 12 meters by 27 meters, and the red paint on the bottom of the ship was still clearly visible. The discovery overturned the "double truncation theory" of the past 20 years. Scientists believe that the Titanic, is folded open 3 sections after the sinking.

The Titanic did use the internationally recognized Morse code distress signal, SOS, when it sank, but this was not the earliest example of SOS being used. The SOS signal was first proposed at the International Radio Communication Conference outside Berlin in 1906, and was recognized by the international community in 1908, four years before the sinking of the Titanic, and slowly came into widespread use. However, British radio operators rarely used the SOS signal, preferring the old-fashioned CQD distress signal. Titanic's chief radio officer, John . George. Philip had been transmitting CQD distress signals until junior radio operator Harold Braid suggested to him: Send CQD distress signals. Harold Breed, a junior radio operator, suggested to him: Send SOS, it's a new call signal, and it may be your last chance to send it! Philip then interspersed the SOS signal with the traditional CQD distress call. The distress signal was eventually received by the California the next morning, since she wasn't listening to the radio 24 hours a day.

The sinking of the Titanic greatly affected shipbuilding and radio-telegraph communications. On December 12, 1913, the first International Congress on the Safety of Life at Sea was held in London, England as a result. The treaty established by the Congress led to the formation and funding of the International Iceberg Detection Organization. The reorganized subdivision of the U.S. Coast Guard, to this day she detects and reports on icebergs in the North Atlantic that may threaten sailing vessels. The treaty also agreed on a new requirement that all manned ships should have enough lifeboats to carry all persons on board, and that appropriate training should be provided. Radio communications should be available 24 hours a day, with a Level 2 backup power supply so that calls for help are not missed. The treaty also agrees that any rocket sent from the ship must be interpreted as a distress signal.

It is today, a century later, that several outlandish claims about the Titanic and her sinking persist. One is that her rudder was too small and that a larger rudder could have prevented the disaster. The larger rudder's might have saved her, when the size of her rudder was not, legally speaking, small for the size of her hull. In fact, Titanic's rudder's dimensions still qualify by today's regulations for ships. Another argument is that Titanic did not have enough lifeboats on board. In fact, the number of lifeboats she had was in accordance with British law, which based the number not on the number of passengers but on the tonnage of the ship. The number of lifeboats on all ships at the time was far below what was needed, and the purpose of the lifeboats at the time was not to hold all the passengers; they were only used to transfer passengers from one sinking ship to another rescue ship. At that time, the internationally accepted maritime safety rule was that lifeboats on passenger ships carried one-third of the total number of passengers on board, and the lifeboats on the Titanic could carry half that number of passengers, and White Star was upset that this extra "high level of responsibility for passenger safety" was not brought to the public's attention. The sinking of the Titanic permanently changed this life-saving strategy. After the sinking of the Titanic, new maritime safety regulations were established. The requirements for lifeboats were simple: they had to be able to accommodate all the people on board. All major maritime companies were quick to work on retrofitting them to the new requirements. In fact, even if she had lifeboats that could hold more to carry all the passengers, there is still a chance that it would not have been ensured that more people would have been rescued because the crew would not have had time to lower all the lifeboats as she sank! There is also a theory that the crew of the machinery section stuck to their posts to the very end. a book published in 1988 also mentions this making it immortal. The truth is that the machinery compartment was submerged at 1:15AM. In the last moments of the sinking, the mechanics and burners stood on the aft deck like hundreds of others, trapped on the ship without any hope of rescue.

Movies about Titanic

"Titanic" is the name of the following four movies based on the sinking of the Titanic after it struck an iceberg on its maiden voyage:

1. "Titanic," an Italian silent film made in 1915 and directed by Pier Angelo Mazzolotti

2. "Titanic," a 1943 film by German directors Werner Klingler and Herbert Selpin

3. "Titanic," a 1953 film directed by Jean Negulesco

4. "Titanic," a 1997 Hollywood blockbuster directed by James Cameron, starring Leonardo DiCaprio and Kate Winslet

Introduction to James Cameron's "Titanic"

Paramount Pictures and 20th Century Fox Film Corporation in 1997 brought together "Titanic" events into a movie that was released around the world and became a global sensation.

[Title] Titanic

[Lead actor] Leonardo DiCaprio Kate Winslet

[Region] European and American cinema

[Genre] Drama. The first expensive movie in the history of cinema at the time, with a worldwide box office of more than $1 billion. A never-sinking love story on a sinking ship, and a cautionary tale about the need for mankind to look at its roots.

[Description] At 2:20 a.m. on April 15, 1912, the Titanic, then known as the world's largest and safest luxury mail ship, sank on its maiden voyage from Southampton, England, to New York City after hitting a massive iceberg. The ship was carrying 2,223 passengers at the time, but unfortunately only about 700 of them survived the largest shipwreck in history, while the other 1,500 or so on board sank with the ship to the bottom of the ocean.

After nearly five years of meticulous planning and preparation, the filming of The Greatest Nightmare at Sea began in July 1996, and after a year of struggle and numerous delays, it was finally completed at the end of December 1997, and will be presented to the audience on December 20th. James Cameron, who is always striving for perfection in everything he does, made Titanic the most expensive movie in the history of cinema with a budget of more than 250 million dollars under the extreme special effects of the film. And it still tops the global movie box office charts!

It is a myth in the history of world cinema!

The film's theme song, "My heart will go on" ("My heart is eternal"), sung by Canadian singer Celine Dion, added indelible color to the film, and the song has become another classic masterpiece in the music industry. This movie episode "Right here waiting" ("this love can wait") is also a classic song.