What were the systems of selecting officials in ancient China?

There was the Shih Ching Shih Lu system, the system of honoring people according to their military service, the system of investigation and enlistment, the system of the Nine Ranks, and the system of the Imperial Examinations.

1. Shixing Shilu System

Xia, Shang and Zhou Era: "Shixing Shilu System" was prevalent in the Xia, Shang and Zhou Eras. At the end of the primitive society, after the destruction of the system of cession, the "world for the commonwealth" to choose the wise and capable, there appeared the hereditary system of "the great man of the world and for the rites". The hereditary system was characterized by the unification of royal power and clan power. The appointment of government officials at all levels was determined through family blood relations, and the rank and title of officials were determined according to the closeness of blood relations.

2. The system of granting titles on the basis of military service

Qin: The system of granting titles on the basis of military service broke the system of hereditary titles of the slave-owning aristocracy, and was conducive to the strengthening of the power of the new landowning class.

3. The Chaju system and the levy system

The two Han dynasties: The Han dynasty set up a whole set of election system to elect talents, with the Chaju system and the levy system. Chaju that is election, is a bottom-up selection of talents for the system, is the two han the most important way to choose officials; levy is a top-down selection of officials system, mainly the emperor recruitment and public office, state and county to remove two ways.

4. The Nine-Profile System

Wei-Jin and North-South Dynasties: the implementation of the Nine-Profile System, focusing on the family's origin.

The setting of the Zhongzheng official not only retained the tradition of the Han Dynasty's rural appraisal, but also changed the situation of the late Han Dynasty, where famous scholars asked for advice about rural appraisal and local clans manipulated the election, and put the power of appraisal and selection of officials back to the central government. This has played a role in eliminating cronyism and breaking down the clans.

5. The Imperial Examination System

The Imperial Examination System: After Emperor Yang to the end of the Qing Dynasty (the New Deal of the late Qing Dynasty) (the Tang Dynasty was the heyday of the Imperial Examination System).

Sui-Wen Di abolished the nine-pin system, began to use the method of examination to select officials; Sui-Mang Di, began to build the entrance examination, the formation of the imperial examination system;

Tang Dynasty inherited and perfected the system of the imperial examination: ZhenGuan years, increase the number of subjects, with the entrance examination, the Mingjing two main subjects; WuZeTian, increase the number of people to take the examination, the first martial arts and the Palace Examination; the year of the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, the appointment of high-ranking officials to preside over the examination, later into the examination, the status of the Imperial College of Science and Technology. The status of the imperial examinations was improved and later customized.

Expanded:

. p>The system of selecting officials is an important initiative to ensure that the feudal system, successive rulers have been extremely concerned about this, the selection criteria from the family history, property gradually developed to talent, the form of increasingly strict, the selection criteria gradually tend to be fair and objective.

Ancient China's law of change of the system of selection of officials

Ancient selection of officials and employing the right people, directly related to the rise and fall of society. Therefore, the system of selecting officials is an important measure to ensure and consolidate the ruler's rule; successive generations of the system of selecting officials in the implementation of the early stage of the consolidation of the rule of the positive role, but these systems in the implementation of the late stage, and gradually affect and impede the development of the society;

The main criteria for the system of selecting officials from the family history, property, and the gradual development of the family to the talent and learning, the way of selecting the gradual development of rigorous science, the standard gradually tends to open, fair, and objective; the longest period of time affecting our country.

The main criterion of the selection system developed from family property to talent, and the selection method became more and more scientific, and the criterion gradually tended to be open, fair, and objective.

Before the Ming Dynasty, the imperial examination system promoted the development of education and culture in China, and its positive effects were dominant; however, after the Ming Dynasty, the negative effects of the imperial examination system were dominant, and it became a policy of fooling the people, which impeded the progress of society and the development of culture.

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia of Ancient Chinese Selection Systems