What are the characteristics of ancient agricultural development in China?

The main features of ancient agricultural development in China are:

1. Emphasizing agriculture and restraining commerce was the basic agricultural economic policy adopted by the ancient rulers of China.

2. Agriculture was the most basic economic form in ancient China. The invention and improvement of agricultural tools, relatively mature agricultural technology and relatively complete agricultural management are one of the outstanding features of China's ancient economy.

3. The natural economy, which is based on the individual operation of small farmers, is the basic form of China's economy.

4. Rulers of past dynasties formulated land system and tax system, and improved production relations through adjustment, which created conditions for the development of agricultural economy.

5. The rulers of past dynasties paid attention to water conservancy construction.

6. The regional distribution of agriculture in China is characterized by the gradual shift of economic center of gravity from the north to the south of the Yangtze River.

Extended data:

Agriculture in China took place in the Neolithic Age, and the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins in China are one of the birthplaces of world industry. Intensive cultivation is a summary of the essence of Chinese traditional agriculture and refers to the comprehensive technical system of traditional agriculture.

Germinated in Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the Warring States, Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties was the period of technology formation, the Sui, Tang, Song, Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties were the period of intensive cultivation, and the Ming and Qing Dynasties were the period of in-depth development. In order to improve the land productivity, people improved the farming technology to increase the output per unit area and give full play to the land potential, thus forming the farming and harrowing technology in the north and the farming and harrowing technology in the south.

As an important academic topic, we have explored, investigated and excavated in Jianghuai Valley and vast areas, and found a number of sites, such as Zhupiyan in Guilin, Guangxi, Wannian Fairy Cave in Jiangxi, Cishan in Wu 'an, Hebei, Peiligang in Xinzheng, Henan, Nanzhuangtou in Xu Shui, Hebei, Pengtoushan in Lixian, Hunan and other places.

The first two sites are about eight or nine thousand years ago. Wu 'an Cishan site and Xinzheng Peiligang site are also earlier than Yangshao culture in the Central Plains, seven or eight thousand years ago. Among them, the most striking is Nanzhuangtou site discovered by/kloc-0 in xushui county in 1986.

Within the excavation area of more than 60 square meters, a small gray ditch and plant ash layer were discovered, and animal bones, poultry bones, antlers, mussels, snail shells, charcoal, stone materials, stone tools, bone horns, wooden boards, wooden sticks, sand red pottery pieces and other relics related to residents' lives were unearthed.

In particular, the stone mill and stone roller as food processing tools were unearthed in the site, indicating that crop planting had already appeared at that time. According to carbon 14, its age is10510u65297x10—9690u65305x5 years ago (uncorrected).

It is earlier than magnetic mountain culture, even thousands of years earlier than Wannian Fairy Cave in Jiangxi and Zhupiyan Site in Guilin, Guangxi. It is one of the earliest Neolithic sites discovered in China, so it pushed the origin of agriculture in China to 10,000 years ago.

According to the nature and status of productive forces, agriculture can be divided into primitive agriculture, ancient agriculture, modern agriculture and modern agriculture. Modern agriculture refers to the transformation from hand tools and animal farm tools to mechanized farm tools, from the direct experience of laborers to modern science and technology, and from self-sufficient production to commercial production.

Modern agriculture refers to socialized agriculture that widely uses modern science and technology, means of production provided by modern industry and modern production management methods.

The fundamental feature of agriculture is that economic reproduction and natural reproduction are intertwined, which is restricted by the laws of biological growth and reproduction and natural conditions, and has strong seasonality and regionality; The production time is inconsistent with the labor time; Long production cycle and slow capital turnover; Most products are fresh, inconvenient to transport and store, and the unit product value is low.

References:

Baidu encyclopedia-agriculture