What material is brushed leather?

Question 1: How many materials are commonly used in wire drawing? What are you talking about, wires? Or stainless steel? The iron ones are Q 195, Q235, Q 195L, Q235, and the stainless ones are 20 1, 306, 304,,,

Question 2: What does the luggage material drawing mean? Wire drawing refers to the linear polishing of the metal surface, which looks metallic, can prevent slight scratches, and the surface is resistant to dirt and is not easy to leave fingerprints. The most advanced style is definitely the traditional hand-sewn leather suitcase headed by LV.

Question 3: What is a painting class? PU is the abbreviation of polyurethane, and the Chinese name is polyurethane for short.

Polyurethane, also known as polyurethane, is superior to PVC (commonly known as Xipi) in quality. At present, clothing manufacturers widely use this material to produce clothing, commonly known as imitation leather clothing. In addition, good bags mostly use imported PU leather;

PU leather is a kind of secondary leather whose reverse side is cowhide, and its surface is coated with a layer of PU resin, so it is also called coated cowhide. Its price is cheaper and its utilization rate is high. With the change of technology, it is also made into varieties of various grades, such as imported two-layer cowhide. Because of its unique technology, stable quality and novel variety, it is the attack of high-grade leather at present, and its price and grade are no less than that of the first leather.

PU leather and real leather bags have their own characteristics. PU leather bag has beautiful appearance, easy care and low price. Leather is expensive, troublesome and durable.

Drawing PU is to make a drawing pattern effect on the surface of PU leather.

Question 4: What is the material of the wire for drawing? What are you talking about, wire, wire? Or stainless steel? The iron ones are Q 195, Q235, Q 195L, Q235, and the stainless ones are 20 1, 306, 304,,,

Question 5: how much is the brushed leather seat 1? Depending on the place of origin, the price difference between 4S stores and roadside stores is about 2-5 times; For example, a roadside shop costs 2,000 yuan, and a 4S shop costs about 5,000 yuan. 2. Use different materials; The same cowhide should be divided into two layers, such as two layers; Cowhide can be divided into imported cowhide, domestic cowhide, buffalo cowhide and cattle cowhide. So the price is definitely different; 3. Different process quality is also a factor affecting the price; At the same time, because of the different regions and dealers, the price will definitely be different; To sum up, it can only be said that in Beijing, the prices of ordinary roadside shops and second-floor leather are around 1000- 1500 yuan; For reference.

Question 6: A4L covers genuine leather, and we are going to use brushed leather. Generally, 500 yuan is needed, because brushed leather has nothing to do with genuine leather.

What indexes are controlled by leather for automobile decoration?

The quality requirements of leather for automobile decoration are divided into sensory requirements and physical and chemical properties. Due to the particularity of the automobile use environment, in addition to the general physical properties, it also increases the light resistance, wear resistance, flame retardancy, atomization value, smell and so on. And put forward requirements for toxic and harmful substances-banned azo dyes and free formaldehyde.

(1) sensory requirements

1) The thickness of the whole leather is basically uniform, and there is no greasy feeling and peculiar smell. 2) The leather body is smooth, soft, plump and elastic.

3) The front leather does not crack or wrinkle, and the main parts are not loose. Leather coating should be uniform, the coating should be firmly attached, and there is no pulp shedding and cracking. Suede leather has uniform fluff and basically the same color.

(2) Physical and chemical properties

There are seventeen physical and chemical performance indexes:

1) Apparent density: 0.6g/cm3 ~ 0.8g/cm3.

2) Tension resistance: it can be divided into four types according to thickness. Type I ≥ 100N, type II ≥ 120N, type III ≥ 130N, and type IV ≥ 140N.

3) Elongation at break: 35% ~ 70%. 4) Tearing force: divided into four types according to thickness. Type ⅰ ≥ 16N, type ⅱ ≥20N, type ⅲ ≥20N, and type ⅳ ≥25 N.

5) Color fastness to rubbing: dry rubbing ≥4/5, wet rubbing ≥4, and color fastness to rubbing in alkaline sweat, gasoline and neutral soap solution ≥4.

6) Folding fastness: 100000 times without cracks. 7) Light resistance ≥ Grade 4. 8) Heat resistance ≥4.

9) Wear resistance: no obvious damage or peeling. 10) coating adhesion fastness ≥ 3.5n/10mm.11) flame retardancy ≤ 100mm/min. 12) Atomization value ≤5mg. 13) odor ≤3. 14)pH ≥3.5。

15)pH dilution difference ≤0.7.

16) banned azo dyes ≤30mg/kg. 17) Free formaldehyde ≤20mg/kg.

Question 7: What kind of leather is used for high-end car interior? Leather materials are mainly divided into several types:

Domestic imitation leather features: PU leather material, good quality, cheap.

Features of imported polyurethane: wear resistance, cold resistance, air permeability, aging resistance and environmental protection.

Features of Dako BMW brushed leather: BMW adopts high leather, high wear resistance and high slip resistance.

Ferrari leather features: high strength, high elasticity, high wear resistance and air permeability.

NAPPA leather features: particularly delicate texture, top-grade leather, long warranty period.

Question 8: Smooth pants are made of nylon, spandex and other materials. Which material is more comfortable? What are the advantages and disadvantages? What materials are expensive? Let me tell you the process of drawing:

1. Viscose (hygroscopic and easy to dye): It is an artificial cellulose fiber, which is prepared by solution spinning. Because the solidification speed of the fiber core layer and the outer layer is different, a skin-core structure is formed (clearly seen from the cross section). Viscose has the strongest hygroscopicity, good dyeability, good wearing comfort, poor elasticity, poor strength and wear resistance in wet state, so viscose is not washable and has poor dimensional stability. Heavy weight, heavy fabric, alkali and acid resistance. Viscose fiber is widely used in almost all kinds of textiles, such as filament lining, beautiful silk, flags, streamers, tire cords and so on. Short fibers are cotton-like, wool-like, blended and interwoven. 2. Polyester (stiff and wrinkle-free): Features: high strength, good impact resistance, heat resistance, corrosion resistance, moth resistance, acid and alkali resistance, good light resistance (second only to acrylic fiber), exposure 1000 hours, strength retention rate of 60-70%, and poor hygroscopicity. It is both washable and wear-resistant. Uses: filament: often used as low-elastic yarn to make various textiles; Short fiber: cotton, wool, hemp, etc. Can be blended. Industry: tire cord, fishing net, rope, filter cloth, scraps, etc. It is the most used chemical fiber at present. Third, nylon (strong and wear-resistant): the biggest advantage is that it is strong and wear-resistant, and it is the best one. Low density, light fabric, good elasticity, fatigue resistance, good chemical stability, alkali resistance and acid resistance! The biggest disadvantage is poor light fastness, the fabric will turn yellow after long-term sun exposure, the strength will decrease, and the hygroscopicity is not good, but it is better than acrylic fiber and polyester fiber. Uses: filament, mostly used in knitting and silk industry; Short fiber Vito is blended with wool or wool-type chemical fiber, used for gabardine, vanillin, etc. Industry: Ropes and fishing nets can also be used as carpets, ropes, conveyor belts, screens and so on. 4. Acrylic fiber (bulky and light-resistant): The performance of acrylic fiber is very similar to wool, so it is called synthetic wool. Molecular structure: Acrylic fiber has a unique internal macro-structure, with irregular spiral conformation and no strict crystallization zone, but it can be divided into high-order arrangement and low-order arrangement. Because of this structure, acrylic fiber has good thermal elasticity (it can be used to process bulky yarn), and its density is small, smaller than wool, and the fabric has good warmth retention. Features: good sun and weather resistance (ranked first), poor hygroscopicity, not easy to dye. Pure acrylonitrile fiber is improved by adding the second and third monomers because of its compact internal structure and poor wearability. The second monomer improves elasticity and hand feeling, and the third monomer improves dyeability. Uses: Mainly used for civil use, it can be spun or blended into various wool, wool, blankets, sportswear, artificial fur, plush, bulky yarn, hose, sunshade cloth and so on. V. Vinylon (water-soluble, hygroscopic): Its greatest feature is its high hygroscopicity. It is the best synthetic fiber and is called synthetic cotton. The strength is worse than that of nylon and polyester, and it has good chemical stability, strong acid resistance and alkali resistance. Sun resistance and weather resistance are also very good, but its dry heat resistance is the worst but it has no wet heat (shrinkage) elasticity, and the fabric is prone to wrinkling, poor dyeing and dull color. Uses: Blended with cotton: fine cloth, poplin, corduroy, underwear, canvas, waterproof cloth, packaging materials, work clothes, etc. 6. Polypropylene (light and warm): Polypropylene is the lightest fiber among common chemical fibers. Almost no moisture absorption, but good wicking ability and high strength. The fabric has stable size, good wear resistance and elasticity, and good chemical stability. However, it has poor thermal stability, sun resistance, easy aging and brittle loss. Usage: It can be used for knitting socks, mosquito net cloth, quilt cover, warm filler, wet diaper, etc. Industry: carpets, fishing nets, canvas, hoses and medical belts are used as sanitary products instead of cotton gauze. Seven. Spandex (elastic fiber): the best elasticity, the worst strength, poor hygroscopicity, light resistance, acid resistance, alkali resistance and good wear resistance. Uses: spandex is widely used in underwear, women's underwear, casual wear, sportswear, socks, bandages and other textile fields, medical fields and so on. Spandex is a high elastic fiber necessary for pursuing dynamic and convenient high-performance clothing. Spandex can be stretched to 5-7 times its original state, so it is comfortable to wear, soft to the touch, wrinkle-free, and can always maintain its original contour.

I know, so you know!

Question 9: What are the current drawing techniques? Metal wire is a common product form, which usually refers to wire, thread or rod. With the continuous development of economy, demand and production are also unprecedentedly prosperous. In the era of increasingly fierce competition, the competitive pressure of producing products that satisfy customers at the lowest cost has promoted the continuous progress of wire drawing technology. Although the thinnest metal wire has reached several microns and the highest strength of steel wire has exceeded 4000MPa, we are still facing the constant change of demand and the competition of non-metallic materials, so we need faster and better wire drawing technology.

1, historical review of wire drawing technology

The earliest known metal wire is a multi-strand metal wire made by the Egyptians around 2750 AD. In the archaeology of Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang in Xi 'an, China, it was found that a large number of armors were made of copper wire, which may be the earliest wire evidence in China. In 400- 1 100, many countries began to develop wire drawing technology, and began to draw wires by hand or horse. Slowly invented some technologies, such as winch, swing, ratchet, using gravity. /kloc-in the 0/7th century, Europeans began to use hydraulic wire drawing. 1769 The invention of the steam engine replaced the manual wire drawing technology and hydraulic wire drawing [1]. The popularity of motor technology in the 20th century provided new impetus for the leap of wire drawing technology.

1632, the craftsman who developed the steel wire needle happened to find that a layer of human urine remained on the steel wire played a role in lubricating the steel wire, and found that lubrication could reduce the power demand.

In the early days, some people tried stone molds, and later they had iron molds. From 1637, the description made by Song, a native of Jiangxi Province in the Ming Dynasty, in The Palace of Heaven, it can be found that drawing with iron molds: "Each needle is first made into thin strips with a piece of iron ruler, sharpened into a thread eye, and a piece of iron is drawn into a thread, and one inch is broken into needles ...". 1970, there are old workers in Xinyu who manually pull the wire on the vice. Jewelry craftsmen in Guizhou still pull the silver thread by hand.

1834, the German Wilhelm Albea invented the steel wire rope, and at the same time set up a telegraph line in Britain, and began to make submarine telegraph lines.

The invention of electric motor promoted the emergence of single drum wire drawing machine. In order to improve the efficiency and quality, two or even three drawing (sliding drawing) are realized on a single wire drawing machine, and the riding wire drawing machine and water cooling technology are adopted, and the die technology is continuously improved. 1993, when the author visited the United Wire Rope Company in Kansas, he still saw that they were using a single puller, but one person opened six sets, and the drum weight was about 1 t, and the efficiency was still not low. Inverted single drawing machine and horizontal drum drawing machine are still widely used, which are suitable for processing steel wire products with few passes and large size, and are easy to realize mass production.

With the development of AC motor and control technology, continuous wire drawing machine was invented in the early 20th century, which reduced the labor cost and increased the wire drawing speed. Morgan was one of the early major manufacturers of wire drawing machines. At the end of 1930s, Richard Barcro Company of Mashal invented the B-B wire drawing machine (double production line), which improved the cooling and reduced the torsion problem. This kind of equipment is especially popular with wire rope factories. By the time 1976 closed down, thousands of such devices had been put into use.

Later wire drawing machines were loopers. At the end of 1970s, KOCH Company of Germany invented the wire drawing machine of linear tuning roller sensor arm. The narrow groove cooling technology, which was invented around 1970, provided a very favorable condition for improving the drawing speed. Improving roller design, air cooling outside roller, rotating die and direct water cooling are all technologies to improve the performance of wire drawing machine. Since 1990s, horizontal continuous wire drawing machine has appeared, mainly to reduce labor intensity and facilitate maintenance. When drawing, it can be arranged in two rows, which reduces the floor space. A large coil with a diameter of 65438 0 270 mm was developed.

Tube.

The linear wire drawing machine can avoid the torsion of steel wire and obtain excellent coordination ability of pass and speed. Faster speed, better quality, convenient operation and maintenance, flexible mold matching, and energy consumption decreased due to the development of electrical technology.

With the development of digital technology, a computer can monitor the working state of a group of wire drawing machines.

The coil diameter of dry continuous wire drawing machine is 250- 1270mm, and the power of DC or AC motor is 15- 160kW. The working speed of small dry wire drawing machine is over 25m/s, and the production capacity of large wire drawing machine is over 20000t/a. ..

Wet drawing equipment based on sliding wire drawing technology is used for nonferrous metals >>

Question 10: What material is used for automobile interior leather? Materials are mainly divided into several types:

Domestic imitation leather features: PU leather material, good quality, cheap.

Features of imported polyurethane: wear resistance, cold resistance, air permeability, aging resistance and environmental protection.

Features of Dako BMW brushed leather: BMW adopts high leather, high wear resistance and high slip resistance.

Ferrari leather features: high strength, high elasticity, high wear resistance and air permeability.

NAPPA leather features: particularly delicate texture, top-grade leather, long warranty period.

The above-mentioned skin has its own characteristics, so you can choose from the lava car according to the actual situation.