Tourism Development and Natural Heritage Protection

At present, the social understanding of the relationship between the protection of natural and cultural heritage and the development of tourism is rather vague. Some comrades involved in tourism decision-making lack understanding of the cultural connotation of national scenic spots, so that some decision-making departments simply regard natural and cultural heritage as tourism resources. This is a wrong understanding. I have always insisted that heritage is not equal to tourism resources. For example, Huangshan Mountain is an important tourist destination from the perspective of tourism department or tourism industry, which can be called tourism resources. But as a government, if we want to define and position from the perspective of world cultural heritage, we can't look at it this way. As a world natural and cultural heritage, Huangshan has the functions of scientific research, education and sightseeing, and tourism is only one of them, not the only one. Without a clear understanding of this problem, it is impossible to handle the relationship between protection and development.

About 80% of the existing scenic spots in China are famous mountains since the Tang and Song Dynasties, and many famous mountains have accumulated profound landscape cultural connotations in the long history. These scenic spots belong to protective heritage, not economic development assets; It is the asset of the public, not the exclusive heritage of a few people. Just like Mount Tai, the emperor can go and so can the people.

Some people in government departments think that protection is to restrict development, but they don't realize that protection is the premise of development. The protection of scenic spots is to prevent, restrict and prohibit destructive economic development in scenic spots, so that the spiritual and cultural functions of scenic spots can be continuously brought into play, thus promoting economic development outside the area. Protection and development are not contradictory. The best protection will bring the greatest environmental, social and economic benefits.

To achieve the dual goals of "protection" and "development", I think "functional division and coordinated development" is a good way. "Up the hill, down the hill", this is called functional zoning. Arrange the tourist service facilities at the foot of the mountain and keep the complete and true natural and cultural heritage on the mountain for people to visit. This is the reason why the National Park Law of many countries stipulates the zoning system. What China has done best in this respect is Huanglong, Sichuan. As the saying goes, "Swimming in the ditch, living outside the ditch". The natural landscape in the area is well protected and the social and economic benefits outside the area are good.

Jiuzhaigou doesn't practice "traveling in the ditch and living outside the ditch", but traveling in the ditch and living in the ditch, and building hotels in the ditch has caused water pollution. The first beauty of Jiuzhaigou is the beauty of water. The water is polluted. What else is there to see? This is a profound lesson.

The artificialization, commercialization and urbanization of natural scenic spots are a serious problem facing China at present. The destruction of Huangshan Mountain is the most serious in history, and the "three modernizations" have seriously reduced its naturalness, beauty and inspiration. One of the manifestations of "three modernizations" is the construction of star-rated hotels. This kind of hotel takes up a lot of space, consumes a lot of water and electricity, needs a lot of service personnel and produces a lot of pollution. In addition, the building has a large volume and serious visual pollution.

There are two serious consequences caused by the wrong guiding ideology, one is misplaced development, and the other is overloaded development. The misplaced development is the wrong place. The tourist service base that should have been placed outside the scenic spot was built in the area, and what should have been placed under the mountain was brought to the top of the mountain. Three ropeways have been built in Taishan Mountain, and the building density at the top of 0.6 square kilometers from 65438 to 0987 reached 25%. Many academicians, experts and professors opposed the first cableway in 1980 Taishan Mountain because it destroyed the natural landscape. It can be reversed for more than 20 years, but the more it is reversed, the more it is. By 1993, two more were built. Since liberation, all the development plans of Tai 'an have a basic principle, that is, "the city does not climb mountains, the city does not press mountains, and the mountain cities are integrated". But now it's expanding upward. The important factor out of control is purely economic point of view. In order to make money, we do not hesitate to destroy the natural environment and violate the objective laws.

At present, the world cultural heritage faces four major threats: international wars, regional conflicts, large-scale projects, out-of-control mass tourism and tourism development. The runaway tourism mentioned here mainly refers to "overcrowding". In my opinion, in China's natural scenic spots, "houses are full of troubles" is more serious. It is best to be "full". When the off-season comes, there are fewer people. The grass will grow again when people are gone. The reinforced concrete house built there not only destroys the original biological habitat, but also is not so easy to tear down.