Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Traditional festivals - What ethnic minorities are there in Zhangjiajie? Brief introduction of Zhangjiajie ethnic minorities
What ethnic minorities are there in Zhangjiajie? Brief introduction of Zhangjiajie ethnic minorities
In Zhangjiajie, there are Tujia, Bai, Miao and Hui ethnic minorities with a total population of more than 700,000, accounting for about 50% of the city's total population. Among ethnic minorities, Tujia has a large population, followed by Bai, Miao and Hui. In addition, there are Manchu, Dong and Yao ethnic minorities. Here is a brief introduction to Tujia, Bai and Miao:
Bai (ba)
Bai nationality is also an ancient nation. Bai people call themselves Bai Zi and Bai Ni, which means white in Chinese. Historically, the ancestors of the Bai nationality were Bobo, Laocong, Xicong, Baiman and Bai Min.
Bai people are mainly distributed in Dali, Yunnan, China. The Bai people who live in Sangzhi and Tianzi mountainous areas are from Dali, Yunnan. According to relevant historical records, as early as 1253, the Mongolian army occupied Dali, Yunnan, forcibly recruited an inch of white army and attacked the Southern Song Dynasty. There are three Bai brothers in this inch of white army, named Zhong and Gu respectively. Because he was dissatisfied with the Mongolian army and hated war, he fled the army and went to Jiangxi, and then moved to Dongting Lake, Hunan. They returned to Lishui, settled in Sangzhi and thrived. The three people at that time, after more than 700 years of reproduction, have now grown to nearly 10 thousand people. After liberation, after decades of investigation and research and ethnic origin cleaning, seven Bai townships were formally established in the autumn of 1985, and finally the ethnic autonomy of the Bai nationality was realized. Although Sangzhi Bai people come from afar, some of their customs and habits are similar to those of Dali Bai people in Yunnan. The language of the Bai nationality is basically Chinese, which has long been the common language of the Bai nationality. Because the Bai people have established flesh-and-blood ties with the Han people.
Bai is also a hardworking and brave nation. Not only fought bravely against imperialism, feudalism and bureaucratic capitalism in history, such as 1884' s victory in Zhennan and 1949' s armed uprising in Jianchuan, but also created rich experience and splendid national culture in the long-term production struggle, such as the Chongsheng Temple in Dali, the resplendent Great Wall, the Shi Baoshan Grottoes in Jianchuan and the ancient buildings in Jizu Mountain. The famous love epic Wang Fuyun and folk stories Beauty Stone and Snake Bone Tower are famous at home and abroad. Every year, March Street in Dali is a grand traditional festival and a grand event for business activities, attracting many domestic and foreign tourists.
Miao ethnic group
Miao people call themselves Zhuang, Meng, Mo and Mao, also known as Gan Ao, Guo Xiong, Dai Ao and Cage.
Miao nationality, in a large ethnic family, is a large and widely distributed nationality and an ancient one. Miao pre-democracy should be distributed in the south of the Yellow River basin, the north of the Yangtze River basin and Jingchu area. Later, they went up the Dongting Lake, slowly arrived in Xiangxi and Qiandong, and then settled down here and lived and multiplied. According to historical records, Miao people were called barbarians in Zhou and Qin Dynasties, and later moved to Hunan and Guizhou in Han Dynasty, and were also called barbarians in Wuxi and Changsha. In Yuan Dynasty, feudal rulers set up Wuzhai county health system in Hunan Miao area, and set up Shunyuan military and civilian appeasement department in Guizhou Miao area to strengthen the rule of Miao people.
In the Qing Dynasty, the land was changed to river, hereditary chiefs were abolished, river officials were appointed, land inspection and tax collection were carried out, and the government, government, state and county were unified, further strengthening the rule of the Miao people. This makes many Miao people live in poverty, tied to death for a long time, and have no food and clothing all the year round. Only under the leadership of the * * * Production Party can the Miao people truly become the masters of the country.
Miao is a hardworking and brave people. Historically, they have steadfastly opposed imperialism and feudal rulers. For example, in the thirteenth year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (AD 37), Wuling was quite refined, and her husband was in a one-way trip, and Dakou County shocked the feudal ruling dynasty; In the 60th year of Qing Qianlong (A.D. 1759), Shi and Shi Cimei (female), the Miao leaders in Songtaotang, Guizhou, launched the Ganjia Uprising, which was jointly attended by Miao and Tujia people. Subsequently, the cucumber village stone in Xiangxi Garden, the oolong lamp of Ye Baozhai in Phoenix Hall, Wu Banfu in Suma River, Wu August in Jishouping, Wu in Sanchaping, etc., had a huge momentum and fierce struggle. This rebellion lasted for 13 years, which dealt a heavy blow to the Qing army. During the period of Kuomintang rule, Miao and Tujia people in western Hunan persisted in their struggle and abolished the system of reclaiming farmland that exploited the people of western Hunan 100 years since Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty, and achieved great victory.
In the long-term struggle, the Miao people have accumulated rich experience and created splendid national culture.
Tujia
Tujia nationality, popularly explained, is an indigenous people who have lived here for a long time. It was called Ba people in ancient times. According to relevant historical records, Tujia nationality was distributed at the junction of Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou provinces in ancient times and lived between the Yangtze River and Shui Yuan. This is a very stable country and has never been completely relocated. As a clan name, Ba people used to be the unity of many tribes, and their ancestors were generally considered to be from Badong in western Hubei, Southern Yan in Jianshi area and Changyang in Changyang area.
According to Sima Qian's Records of the Five Emperors, as early as the Yao and Shun era, Nan Man flourished in Jiangnan and Hanshui areas.
In the Han Dynasty, Nanjun people, Wuling people, Parisians, Lishui people and Zhong Mian people were called Tushan people.
The Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties were called Wuxi people, Xixi people, Tianmen people, Qianyang people and Jianping people.
Sui called it left.
Known as the barbarians of Beijiang River in Song Dynasty. 055-79000 barbarian areas are called aborigines, barbarians and local officials.
In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, they were called Yi Tu, Tuman and Tujia.
It was not until the Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty that the Chinese appellations of Tujia and Hakka appeared. The so-called Tujia nationality is relative to Hakka, and the so-called Hakka mainly refers to the Han nationality. Tujia means local people, while Hakka means outsiders. It will only appear when more Han people move to Tujia areas. It turns out that Tujia people call themselves Bicai and Cubans call themselves Bicai, but Bicai is not the same as being born and raised. Biz, a self-proclaimed name of Tujia people, has existed since ancient times, while locals is a Chinese title after more Han people moved to Tujia areas.
Tujia is a hardworking and brave people. Tujia people living in Zhangjiajie are braver because of Wuling Mountain and more brilliant because of Tujia people. It's really a matter of people. People are people.
The above is for reference only.
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