Small financial knowledge points

1. What are the knowledge points of finance?

Finance is the general name of currency circulation, credit activities and related economic activities. Finance in a broad sense refers to all economic activities related to the issuance, storage, exchange, settlement and financing of credit currency, even including the sale of gold and silver. Narrow sense of finance refers to the financing of credit currency.

The contents of finance can be summarized as the issuance and withdrawal of money, the absorption and payment of deposits, the issuance and recovery of loans, the trading of gold, silver and foreign exchange, the issuance and transfer of securities, insurance, trust and domestic and foreign currency settlement. Institutions engaged in financial activities mainly include banks, trust and investment companies, insurance companies, securities companies, investment funds, credit cooperatives, finance companies, financial asset management companies, postal savings institutions, financial leasing companies, securities, gold and silver, foreign exchange exchanges, etc.

Finance is an economic category formed after the emergence of credit currency, and it and credit are two different concepts: (1) Finance refers to the financing of monetary funds (narrow sense finance), people not only borrow money to finance funds, but also issue stocks to finance funds. (2) Credit refers to the borrowing of all currencies, and finance (in a narrow sense) refers to the financing of credit currency.

The reason why people want to create a new concept other than "credit" to refer to the financing of credit currency is to summarize a new economic phenomenon; The two economic processes of credit and currency circulation have been closely combined. Bank credit can create and reduce money, which is the most obvious financial feature. Bank credit is considered as the core of finance.

2. Necessary basic knowledge of finance

We must learn English and advanced mathematics well.

And strive to get some honors in the study and work during the university. The training goal of obtaining financial professional qualification certificates such as banks is to train professionals with theoretical knowledge and business skills in finance, who can engage in related work in economic management departments and enterprises such as banks, securities, investment and insurance.

This major requires students to learn basic theories and knowledge such as money and banking, international finance, securities, investment and insurance. , receive basic training in related businesses, and have the basic ability of practical work in the financial field. Graduates should have the following knowledge and ability: master the basic theory and knowledge of finance; Have the basic ability to handle banking, securities, investment and insurance business; Familiar with national financial guidelines, policies and regulations; Understand the theoretical frontier and development trend of this discipline; .

3. What are the specific financial knowledge?

Finance is an applied economic discipline differentiated from economics. It takes the economic activities of money and monetary funds as the research object, and specifically studies how individuals, institutions and * * * acquire, spend and manage financial assets such as funds.

[1] Finance majors mainly cultivate basic knowledge of financial insurance theory and master financial insurance business technology. They can analyze financial insurance activities and handle financial insurance business by using general methods of economics, and have certain comprehensive judgment and innovation ability. They can work in central banks, commercial banks, policy banks, securities companies, life insurance companies, property insurance companies, reinsurance companies, trust and investment companies, financial leasing companies, financial asset companies and group finance companies. My main research fields in finance are monetary banking, commercial bank management, central bank, international finance, international settlement, securities investment, investment project evaluation, investment banking, corporate finance and so on.

Business Training Objectives: This major trains professionals who have theoretical knowledge and business skills in finance and can engage in related work in economic management departments and enterprises such as banking, securities, investment and insurance. Business training requirements: Students in this major mainly study the basic theories and knowledge of money banking, international finance, securities, investment and insurance, receive basic training in related businesses, and have the basic ability of practical work in the financial field. Graduates should acquire the following knowledge and abilities: 1. Master the basic theory and knowledge of finance; 2. Have the basic ability to handle banking, securities, investment and insurance; 3. Familiar with national financial policies, policies and regulations; 4. Understand the theoretical frontier and development trend of this discipline; 5. Master the basic methods of literature retrieval and information query, and have certain scientific research and practical work ability. Main courses: Main subjects: Economics main courses: political economics, western economics, finance, international economics, monetary banking, international financial management, securities investment, insurance, business management of commercial banks, central banking, investment banking theory and practice, etc. Main practical teaching links: including course practice, graduation practice, etc. , generally arranged for 6 weeks. Length of study: four years Degree awarded: Bachelor of Economics.

I wonder if I can help you.

4. What does financial knowledge include?

Finance is a branch of economics and belongs to the category of applied economics. Students majoring in this major were awarded a degree in economics after graduation.

The financial specialty is comprehensive and covers a wide range, including banking, securities, insurance, financial leasing, trust and so on. At the undergraduate level, students majoring in finance should not only master the basic theoretical knowledge of finance, but also receive basic training in related businesses, such as analyzing and forecasting the changes of stock and foreign exchange prices, and mastering the skills of buying and selling securities in time to earn profits.

In addition, finance majors will also tell students how banks and insurance companies attract deposits and insurance, and how to make money through investment. In terms of employment, finance majors mainly enter various financial and insurance institutions, large and medium-sized enterprises, investment and financing management units and financial departments to engage in financial and management work.

The overall salary level of the financial industry ranks high among many industries. With the increasing trend of financial internationalization, the absolute number of financial talents is insufficient, especially those who really understand international finance and modern investment knowledge.

Therefore, candidates who choose finance major will have a broad development space once they have achieved something.

5. What books introduce the basic knowledge of finance?

First, the basic knowledge of finance books-building a financial knowledge framework 1. First of all, Gregory Man Kun's Principles of Economics, which most people in the industry will recommend to you, started with Man Kun's Principles of Economics. Because it is interesting and easy to understand, Ten Principles of Economics is impressive. When I studied Samuelson's economics, I felt that economics was like a rigorous old pedant, and I studied Man Kun's.

This is definitely an affordable pillow book. If you study finance, it is estimated that few people don't read this book; 2. About banks: Recommended banks: There is little difference between several versions of Monetary Finance in mishkin, whether in Chinese or English. It is a compulsory teaching material for undergraduates majoring in finance, and the general course in universities is Money and Banking. 3. About securities institutions: securities analysis can be seen first, and there are many stocks in institutions. Memoirs of stock notes and technical analysis of stock market trends focus on cultivating the thinking of stock operation, which cannot be used as a golden magic weapon; 4. About insurance: There is no special recommendation for the principle of insurance. As long as it is published by key universities such as the National People's Congress and Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, the basis of insurance is mainly law, and the basic economic relations in insurance are clear at a glance.

2. The following financial journals are good journals: 1, CBN Weekly, 2 1 Century Business Herald, Bloomberg Businessweek/Chinese edition; 2. Caijing magazine and Caixin Weekly. Caixin was founded after Hu Shuli left the financial team (these two magazines are serious financial publications and also report events or objects with certain social influence); Value Value, Money+ and Harvard Business Review imitate the ideas of foreign media and can be read. 3. The three major securities newspapers china securities journal, Securities Times and shanghai securities news are essential. Financial website sharing: 1, domestic financial news websites: He Xun, Oriental Fortune Network, and financial channels of several major portals (Tencent Sina Netease Phoenix); 2. Foreign financial websites, such as The Wall Street Journal, Financial Times, Reuters Finance, Bloomberg Finance, etc. If your English is not good, you can look at the corresponding Chinese website; 3. Financial topic areas of well-known forums such as Zhihu, Tianya and Douban; 4.* * * Website CBRC: Supervising trusts, banks, trusts and other financial institutions CSRC: Supervising securities, funds and other financial institutions China People's Bank: Publishing some key news and statistics bureau: Publishing statistical data associations: banking associations, securities associations, fund associations, trust associations, etc. ; There are many financial websites. To sort out the effective information of fragmented news, we should first pay attention to the accumulation of quantity.

News doesn't need to be chewed slowly, just know the important information, so you must be able to read it well first, otherwise you can't understand and use it. At present, the financial industry is mainly divided into three parts: banks, securities institutions or insurance institutions and other deposit and loan institutions.

1. Finance is to balance and adjust risks and benefits in time series. Simply put, in a time series, different things at different time points have different income levels and risk levels. For example, some people have money and nowhere to spend, so they deposit it in the bank (such as ordinary people), and some people are eager to buy raw materials for production (such as various enterprises); 2. All people in the financial industry are coolies in this capital transfer link. To understand the financial market is to understand the role of various financial institutions in it, and then study various tools in the financial market, such as bonds, stocks, option futures, foreign exchange, swaps and so on. Learning these financial tools can help you understand how to transfer funds better, faster and more accurately. 3. Finance links these benefits and risks through financial means such as transaction, agreement transaction and agreement risk mutual insurance, or adjusts the original relationship. Therefore, in the financial field, you should "know why" the various financial instruments mentioned in the third point, understand the theory, but be more practical; For the third point, for example, if you speculate in financial stocks, you will take a fancy to the future high price of a stock and adjust the income brought by the future high price to the present by buying. If you invest, what you value is the high return and dividend of the stock. If you do financial insurance, it is to link the risks of people in the same industry or region or society, and to link the relative gains (losses); The same finance, banking, currency, taxation, funds, block transactions, accounting, these are all financial categories.

6. Find knowledge points about economics.

Review points of Chinese and western economics in economics and finance The prices and demand of two complementary commodities change in reverse.

The price and demand between the two substitute commodities change in the same direction. The demand theorem is a theory that explains the reverse change of the price of a commodity and its demand.

The substitution effect reduces the demand for goods with rising prices. Demand refers to different demand at different price levels.

Supply and demand determine the equilibrium price. The condition of equilibrium price determination is supply = demand.

The change of demand leads to the change of equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity in the same direction. The change of supply causes the equilibrium price to change in the opposite direction, and the equilibrium quantity changes in the same direction.

Price-regulated economy is the basic feature of market economy. The price mechanism can adjust the economy spontaneously.

Support price must be higher than equilibrium price. The highest price must be lower than the equilibrium price.

The elasticity coefficient of demand elasticity should be negative, but generally its absolute value is taken. The slope of demand curve is not elastic coefficient.

Total revenue is the product of price and sales volume. For elastic goods, the price changes in the opposite direction to the total income.

For inelastic goods, the price changes in the same direction as the total income. The cardinal utility theory adopts marginal utility analysis method.

Ordinal utility theory adopts indifference curve analysis method. Marginal means the increase of dependent variables.

The root of the reverse change of demand and price lies in the law of diminishing marginal utility. Consumer surplus is just a psychological feeling.

The consumer surplus of daily necessities is large. The slope of the indifference curve is the marginal substitution rate.

In fact, the diminishing marginal substitution rate shows the law of diminishing marginal utility in the form of indifference curve. Marginal substitution rate as the slope of indifference curve determines the shape of indifference curve.

The demand theorem is determined by consumer behavior. As far as a consumer is concerned, different commodity combinations provide the same degree of satisfaction and order on the same indifference curve.

Among the four factors of production, economists especially emphasize entrepreneurial ability. When the average output or total output reaches the maximum, it is not necessarily the maximum profit.

Cobb-Douglas production function is a homogeneous production function, which has the property of constant scale income. The isocenter is similar to the indifference curve in shape, but it represents the yield.

The marginal rate of technological substitution is the slope of equal output line. Factors of production include labor, capital, land and entrepreneurial talent.

Short-term in economics refers to the period when a manufacturer can't adjust all production factors according to the output it wants to achieve. The salary of managers is a fixed cost.

The short-term marginal cost curve intersects the lowest point of the short-term average cost curve. The lowest point of the average variable cost is called the stopping point.

The long-term total cost varies with output, and there is no total cost without output. The long-term cost curve is a curve tangent to countless short-term average cost curves.

The difference between long-term average cost and short-term average cost is that the long-term average cost is relatively flat. The long-term marginal cost curve is flatter than the short-term marginal cost curve.

Long-term marginal cost intersects with the lowest point of long-term average cost. Opportunity cost is a conceptual cost or loss.

From the perspective of economics, normal profit belongs to a kind of cost. The principle of profit maximization is that marginal revenue equals marginal cost.

The change of short-term marginal cost depends on variable cost, and the short-term average cost depends on average fixed cost and average variable cost. In a perfectly competitive market, the demand curve of a single manufacturer's products is a parallel line starting from the established market price.

In a perfectly competitive market, at a given price, the market demand for a single manufacturer's products is unlimited. In various markets, the average income must be equal to the price.

But only in the case of perfect competition can the average income of a single manufacturer be equal to the marginal income. In a perfectly competitive market, as far as a single manufacturer is concerned, the average income and marginal income are equal to the price.

In a perfectly competitive market, the average income curve, marginal income curve and demand curve coincide in a short period of time. Factory E5a48de588B63231335323635438+034313313633338. The stopping point is determined by the average variable cost and the price level, which are equal in this respect.

In a perfectly competitive market, the long-term equilibrium condition of manufacturers is MR=AR=LMC=LAC. In a perfectly competitive market, if manufacturers want to get normal profits, they must maximize profits.

The minimum cost can be achieved under the condition of perfect competition, that is, the average cost and marginal cost intersect at the lowest point of the average cost. Under the condition of perfect competition, the condition of long-term equilibrium of manufacturers is MR=LMC=SMC.

In the monopolistic competitive market, the long-term equilibrium conditions of manufacturers are Mr = MC and AR = LAC. The remuneration obtained by various factors of production is the price of factors of production.

Distribution theory solves the problem of price determination of production factors. The manufacturer's demand for production factors is to realize the equality of marginal revenue, marginal cost and price.

The manufacturer's demand for production factors depends on the marginal income of production factors. The marginal income of production factors depends on their marginal productivity.

The demand curve of production factors is a curve inclined to the lower right. Wage is the price of labor and a factor of production.

The demand curve of labor force is a curve inclined to the lower right. The supply of labor mainly depends on the cost of labor.

The supply curve of labor force is a backward curve. The demand and supply of labor force determine the wage level in a perfectly competitive market.

Economists believe that paying capital interest is due to the time preference of consumption. The net productivity of capital is the source of interest that capital can bring.

The interest rate depends on the demand and supply of funds. When the profit rate is fixed, interest rate and investment change in opposite directions.

The generation of land rent first lies in the productivity of the land itself. Land rent is determined by the demand and supply of land.

Quasi-land rent refers to the income of fixed assets in the short term. Economic rent refers to the fact that the owners of production factors get more income than they want, which is also called producer surplus.

The actual Gini coefficient is always greater than zero and less than one. The smaller the Gini coefficient, the more uniform the income distribution.

In a market economy, the principle of distribution is efficiency first. Social welfare policy is to realize the equality of income distribution by subsidizing the poor.

The theory and method of national income accounting (national economic accounting system) is the premise of macroeconomics. Gross national product is the final product market of that year.

7. Who knows something about finance?

1. Financial market in a broad sense: refers to all financial transactions conducted by both the capital supply and demand sides through various financial instruments, including all monetary and financial activities between financial institutions and customers, between financial institutions and between capital supply and demand sides, such as deposit, loan, trust, lease, insurance, bill mortgage and discount, stock and bond trading, gold foreign exchange trading, etc.

2. Narrow financial market: generally limited to financing activities with bills and securities as financial instruments, interbank lending among financial institutions and gold foreign exchange transactions. 3. Financial market: the general term for monetary fund transactions, gold foreign exchange transactions and interbank lending among financial institutions with bills and securities as financial instruments.

4. Primary market: also known as the issuance market or primary market, it is a trading market formed when fund demanders sell financial assets to the public for the first time. 5. Secondary market: the trading market where the issued old securities are transferred and circulated among different investors.

6. Financial instruments: also known as credit instruments, are legal documents that prove the relationship between creditor's rights and debts and conduct monetary and capital transactions accordingly. 7. Stock: a kind of securities, which is a certificate issued by a joint stock limited company to prove the identity and rights of investors as shareholders and to obtain dividends and bonuses accordingly.

8. Common stock: the basic stock issued by a joint-stock company is the most standard stock. 9. Preferred stock: the stock issued by a joint-stock company that takes precedence over ordinary shareholders in the distribution of company income and remaining assets.

10. Bond: a written certificate issued by the debtor to the creditor to undertake the obligation to repay the principal and interest at the agreed time. 1 1. Treasury bills: * * Short-term debt certificates issued to make up for the temporary shortage of treasury funds.

12. Mortgage company bonds: bonds issued by companies with real estate or movable property as collateral. 13. Credit corporate bonds: bonds issued entirely by corporate credit without using any assets as collateral or guarantee.

14. Converting corporate bonds: This kind of bonds stipulates that bondholders can convert into company shares according to a certain proportion and certain conditions within a certain period of time. 15. Corporate bonds with the right to subscribe for new shares: This bond gives the holder the right to buy new shares of the company.

16. Restructured corporate bonds: bonds with lower interest rates issued by restructured companies to reduce the debt burden. 17. Debt-sinking fund corporate bonds: This kind of bonds stipulates that before the maturity of the bonds, the issuing company should regularly withdraw a certain percentage of the profits according to the total amount of issuance as repayment funds, and hand them over to the entrusted trust company or financial institution for safekeeping, and gradually accumulate them to ensure the one-time repayment of the bonds.

18. financial bonds: bonds issued to the public by banks and non-bank financial institutions in accordance with the relevant state securities law and securities issuance procedures, using their own reputation to raise funds. 19. fund securities: also known as investment fund securities, are securities issued to the public by the sponsors of investment funds, which prove that the holders enjoy the rights of asset ownership, asset income and distribution of surplus property according to shares. It is the product of some equity combinations of stocks, bonds and other financial products.

20. Bill: A negotiable security that the drawer promises or entrusts the drawee to pay a certain amount unconditionally on a specified date or at sight. 2 1. Free foreign exchange: it can be bought and sold freely in the foreign exchange market without the approval of the issuing country, and can be freely converted into currencies of other countries. They are widely used as means of payment and circulation in international economic exchanges.

22. Bookkeeping foreign exchange: Without the approval of the relevant foreign exchange administration departments, it cannot be converted into other countries' currencies, and usually it can only be used between the agreed countries according to relevant agreements. 23. Derivative financial instruments: also known as financial derivatives, refer to a financial product whose value depends on the original financial instruments.

24. Money market: a short-term financial market that deals with financial assets with a maturity of less than 1 year. 25. Inter-bank lending market: a market formed by short-term capital lending activities among various financial institutions.

26. Central bank bills: short-term bonds issued by the People's Bank of China, with maturities ranging from 3 months to 1 year. 27. Pre-issuance market: In reality, there is a kind of national debt transaction that is not conducted after the issuance, but immediately after the issuance announcement. This trading market is also known as the pre-issue market.

For example, WI-Fi transactions in the United States. 28. Transferable certificates of deposit: certificates of deposit issued by commercial banks that can be transferred in the market.

29. Repurchase agreement: When the securities holder sells the securities, it is agreed with the buyer that the seller will repurchase the same amount of similar securities from the buyer at the agreed price on a certain date in the future. 30. Capital increase: An established joint-stock company issues new shares, which is called capital increase.

3 1. Credit transaction: also known as pre-lending transaction or margin transaction, it is a transaction method in which a customer pays a certain amount of cash or stock as a margin to a broker, and the difference is paid in advance by the broker. 32. Option trading: Also known as option trading, it means that both parties to the transaction reach a contract whether to buy or sell a certain stock at an agreed price within an agreed time.

33. Stock index futures trading: futures trading with stock price index as the object aims to reduce the risk of stock investment and increase the attractiveness of stock investment. 34. Stock index option trading: buying and selling option contracts according to the stock price index.

35. Stock Exchange: A place organized according to certain methods and rules to conduct centralized securities trading, also known as the floor trading market. 36. Membership: A stock exchange in the form of membership organization is a non-profit-making legal entity voluntarily formed by intermediaries engaged in securities business.

37. Corporate system: Stock exchanges in the form of corporate system are established according to the Company Law. The exchange collects the issuer's "listing fee" and extracts securities trading service fees such as "handling fee". 38. Commission broker: a broker who accepts the entrustment of clients, buys and sells on the exchange on their behalf, and receives a fixed commission.

39. Two-yuan broker: also known as expert broker, it is specially entrusted by commission brokers to buy and sell on their behalf and charge a certain commission. 40. Special broker: also known as professional broker, refers to a broker who has a special position in the exchange and engages in special securities trading.