What do you think of community pension?

In the process of economic development and social structure transformation, the function of family pension service, as the main way of providing for the aged in China, is gradually weakening. At the same time, due to the influence of traditional ideas and the restriction of social and economic development level, the number and quality of old-age care institutions can not meet the growing diversified needs of the elderly. Therefore, the problem of providing for the aged has become a hot and difficult issue that the current society is most concerned about. Establishing and perfecting a reliable old-age security system and vigorously promoting the socialization of old-age services are important issues to be solved urgently at present and in the future. Based on the sampling investigation and analysis of the community old-age service in Wuxue City, this paper puts forward some superficial views on further strengthening the community old-age service.

First, the status quo of community pension services

There are 14 communities in Wuxue city, with 33,840 households and a population of122,400, including elderly people over 6015,900, low-income households of 4,965 and elderly people12,368. If the government purchases services, according to the per capita 100 yuan/person, the city spends 3,670,800 yuan a year, which has become a huge group. Their needs are diverse, both biological and social, both material and spiritual. For example, there are 5026 households in Erliban Community 1.326, and 502 people over 60 years old. Among the 99 low-income households, there are 2/kloc-0 elderly people and 36 empty nesters, most of whom are primary and secondary school students. For example, there are 4,078 households in Luo Xuan, with a population of 1.5069, and 32,654,339 low-income recipients. In order to further understand the home-based care for the elderly in communities, especially the "empty nesters", in May this year, we conducted a sample survey of the elderly in the above two communities, and counted the number of elderly people 165, including 76 elderly people over 60, accounting for 46.06% of the elderly population, 76 elderly people over 70, accounting for 46.06% of the elderly population, and 65 elderly people over 80. And through the household, the basic situation of the elderly, self-care, practical life care and the demand for community services were investigated.

1, the proportion of male and female respondents and their self-care. Among the 165 elderly people who participated in this survey, 8 were males, accounting for 49.09% of the survey, and 84 were females, accounting for 50.9 1%. There are 148 elderly people who can take care of themselves completely, accounting for 89.9% of the survey, 12 elderly people who can take care of themselves partially, accounting for 7.3%, and 5 elderly people who can't take care of themselves, accounting for 3.8%. 72 children, 40 children live in this area, 4 children live in other places for a long time, 140 children are willing to support their parents, and 2 children are unwilling.

2. In real life, take care of the elderly. 72 children were taken care of, accounting for 43.63% of the survey, 5 relatives were taken care of, accounting for 3.03%, 2 people were taken care of by hourly workers, accounting for 1.2 1%, and 3 people were admitted to welfare homes, accounting for 1.8%.

3. Whether the elderly are willing to live in apartments for the elderly. There are 10 people who are willing to live in an apartment for the elderly, accounting for 6.06% of the survey, and 32 people who are unwilling to live in an apartment for the elderly, accounting for 19.39%. For example, Wu Zhiguo, a 62-year-old orphan in Luosixuan community, suffers from polio. He would rather live with his brother than live in an apartment for the elderly. This shows that most elderly people are bound by traditional ideas and agree with home-based care for the elderly, which is also in line with the world-wide care for the elderly.

4. The needs of the elderly for community services. 10 people asked for medical services, accounting for 6.06% of the survey,1people asked for cultural entertainment, accounting for 6.66%, 6 people asked for life care services, accounting for 3.63%, and 15 people asked for spiritual comfort, accounting for 9.09%. They want to take care of the elderly.

In our survey, many elderly people and their children have high hopes for community pension work. Many elderly people say that it is difficult for young people to find time to spend with their parents because of the pressure of work. I'm afraid it's unrealistic to expect them to spend their old age with them. Some young people say that many families are now supported by a young couple, raising 1 child, and it is impossible for the couple to take care of four old people. They also especially hope that the socialization of community pension services can be widely implemented.

Second, the difficulties and problems faced by community pension services

1, the family pension function tends to be "weakened". Due to the miniaturization of families, children live separately from their parents, resulting in many "empty nest" families or families living alone, which brings inconvenience to caring for the elderly. With the development of social economy, people's living standards are constantly improving, medical conditions are constantly improving, the life span of the elderly is prolonged, and there are more and more elderly people, resulting in the phenomenon that it is very difficult for young and middle-aged people to take care of their elderly parents and the elderly to take care of the elderly. With the implementation of the family planning policy in China and the promotion of only one child, the parents of the first generation of only children are gradually entering the old age, and there is a phenomenon that a couple has to take care of four elderly people, and this situation will increase year by year. Neither energy nor financial ability can take care of four old people. With the accelerated pace of production and life, intensified job competition and heavy pressure of life, young people can no longer take care of the elderly. Due to the above reasons, there is an obvious "weakening" trend of family pension function.

2. Institutional pension is "difficult". As we all know, investing in an old-age care institution requires a lot of money. Old-age care institutions have higher requirements in environmental construction, facility configuration, service quality, management level and medical care, which makes the operating costs of old-age care institutions higher and makes some social forces or individuals discouraged. Secondly, the income of the elderly mainly depends on pensions, pensions or children and relatives. A considerable number of elderly people are not well-off, even if they want to live in an old-age care institution, they can't afford it, resulting in a low occupancy rate of old-age care institutions. Thirdly, due to the influence of traditional family values, some elderly people and their children can't accept the concept of "leaving their children in nursing homes" ideologically. To sum up, old-age care institutions have high input and low output, and some old-age care institutions are "struggling".

3. The social atmosphere of respecting and loving the elderly tends to "fade". Although the social atmosphere of respecting and loving the elderly has improved after years of extensive publicity and education, it still tends to fade in some aspects, such as "Valentine's Day" and "Christmas Day" from the west, and the festive atmosphere is very warm, while the annual "Festival for the Elderly" is still magnificent. Valentine's Day and Christmas don't need government organization. Merchants and manufacturers go into battle on their own, and various promotion methods "let a hundred flowers blossom". Young people will spend money lavishly, and newspapers and radio reports about Valentine's Day and Christmas will be full of flowers. Speaking of the festival for the elderly, it is an activity organized by the government, and the atmosphere of the festival is far less than the above-mentioned "two festivals". Manufacturers and businesses are not very active and rarely give benefits to the elderly. It is also necessary for young people to think twice if they want to pay for their elderly parents. The above phenomenon shows that the social atmosphere of respecting and loving the elderly tends to be "diluted" in some aspects and places.

4. The free service for the elderly is "virtual". In order to take care of the daily life of the elderly with difficulties, relevant departments and communities often organize various forms of free service activities, such as youth volunteer service, "one-on-one" pairing assistance service, doorbell call service and so on. These services provide convenience for the daily care of the elderly, especially those who live alone in empty nests. But at present, there are some "vague" behaviors, such as voluntary service organized by students, which dies out with the graduation of students and has no successors; For another example, some government agencies, social organizations and individuals provide pairing services for the elderly in the community once or twice a year, which is unsustainable and even ineffective, which shows that some voluntary services are a mere formality. If we can't pay enough attention to these problems, the socialization of the aged care service can't develop in breadth and depth.

5. "Simplify" community pension services. At present, most communities in our city do not provide old-age services. Even if there is, it is simple and monotonous, limited to setting up medical centers and adding fitness equipment. Sports facilities such as fitness equipment are suitable for young people, while there are fewer elderly people. The activities provided by the medical center are limited to free physical examination at ordinary times.

Third, the countermeasures and suggestions of community pension services

The problem of providing for the aged involves thousands of families. If it is not solved well, it will affect social stability and must attract the attention of governments at all levels and the whole society. We must adhere to Scientific Outlook on Development, people-oriented, and constantly explore the construction of a community pension service security system with China characteristics, and comprehensively promote socialized community pension services.

1, pay attention to education, raise awareness and enhance the initiative of community pension services. Community is the residence of the elderly, the main activity place and living space for the elderly. With the growth of age and physical aging, many elderly people have changed from unit people to social people, and their dependence on the community has gradually increased. Therefore, it is urgent to carry out community pension services. First of all, it is an objective requirement to carry out community pension services to adapt to the development of population aging. According to statistics, there are 95,000 elderly people over 60 years old in Wuxue City, accounting for more than 12% of the city's total population, and this proportion is on the rise. Nowadays, it is quite common for the elderly to live apart from their children, and the number of "empty nest" families is increasing, which brings a lot of inconvenience to the elderly in life care, medical care and spiritual care. At the same time, influenced by the "42 1" family model, a young couple has no time to take care of four old people. Therefore, it is an objective requirement of the city and an inevitable requirement of social development to solve the problem of providing for the aged and meet the needs of the elderly and their families. Secondly, it is a realistic need to improve the quality of life of the elderly to carry out community service for the aged. Community is the basic activity place and living space for the elderly. Relying on the community to provide life care, medical care, spiritual comfort and other services is a realistic need to solve the problem of providing for the elderly, meet the needs of the elderly and their families, and improve the quality of life of the elderly. Thirdly, it is a realistic requirement for maintaining social stability to carry out community service for the aged. Considering China's national conditions, it is obvious that relying solely on the government to provide social pension benefits can't meet the needs, and at the same time, it will also put great pressure on the national finance. The construction process of community pension system provides a useful attempt for building a harmonious society and maintaining social stability, and is also the only way for social structure transformation.

2. Grasp the investment, build a platform, and improve the foundation of community pension services. The cause of providing for the aged belongs to the category of public utilities, and it is the government's responsibility to develop community services for the aged, which cannot be separated from the government's macro guidance. The first is scientific planning. According to the proportion of the density distribution of the elderly in the community, in the new residential area and the transformation of the old city, the community pension service facilities and projects will be planned and implemented together, and accepted together. Compile the spatial layout planning of community pension service centers (stations) and solve the problem of construction land scientifically and reasonably; Civil affairs departments and relevant departments may, according to the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" for aged care services, formulate guidance opinions on the construction standards, work processes and service operation specifications of community aged care service centers (stations), and manage, guide and supervise the community aged care service centers (stations). The second is to increase capital investment. According to the relevant regulations of the State Council, the future social welfare expenditure shall not be less than 10-20% of the fiscal expenditure, and the elderly are one of the four vulnerable groups that social security focuses on. Therefore, it will help more elderly people in need to establish the overall financial budget system for community pension service construction projects and staff salaries. At the same time, it is suggested to lower the threshold of enjoying the policy and expand the coverage of the policy. For example, buying accident insurance for the elderly; Subsidize the disabled elderly in low-income families to stay in old-age care institutions or subsidize home-based care; Give a higher proportion of reimbursement to the elderly who have difficulties in seeing a doctor; Free barrier-free renovation of disabled elderly families. The third is to integrate social resources. Actively guide social capital to participate in the construction of community pension service centers (stations), and further integrate public service resources such as streets and community cultural stations, health service stations, labor service stations, sunshine homes, cultural rooms, activity rooms, universities (branches) for the elderly, and community schools. , unite various forces, expand the scope of services, and build a perfect community pension service platform.

3. Grasp the service, expand the connotation, and enhance the universality of community pension services. The first is to fully grasp the clients. Mainly create three service files. Register the family, health and service needs of the elderly over 60 years old in the whole region; Register the community "4050" personnel, community waiters and community pension service volunteers; Ensure the key service objects in the community, sign service agreements with service personnel, and track and record the service situation. The second is to comprehensively expand the service content. According to the actual situation of the community, we provide spiritual comfort services with different characteristics, such as recreation and sports, education for the elderly, making friends and chatting, legal consultation, classroom for the elderly and psychological counseling. According to the needs of the elderly, with the help of social forces, we will carry out daily life services such as domestic service, buying agents, catering, home appliance maintenance, pipeline dredging, medicine delivery and medical treatment. The third is service model innovation. Providing domestic service for the elderly with financial difficulties in the form of government subsidies and special contributions; For the elderly who can't take care of themselves, build an intelligent call platform to provide emergency rescue and help-seeking services; For the elderly with special needs, according to the needs of the elderly at home, send professional service personnel and social workers to provide day care, housekeeping and mental care services; For the elderly who are left unattended for a short period of time, day care or short-term custody service will be carried out by relying on community pension service centers (stations). At the same time, gradually implement the "time coupon" subsidy service model. According to the principle of service nearby and territorial management, "time coupons" are issued to the elderly according to the standard, and the elderly who meet the service conditions of home-based pension subsidies are guaranteed by community attendants. According to the service quality and satisfaction of the waiter, the elderly will return a certain amount of "time coupons" to the waiter, and the service time will be calculated every 1 hour 1 time. According to the normal standards, the service personnel get a "time coupon" from the client every time they serve, and exchange the cash reward with the "time coupon" to the community pension service station every month, which effectively solves many problems such as the disconnection between management and service, the mismatch between the supply and demand of waiters and the elderly, the poor service quality, and the absence of waiters and posts.

4. Grasp the team, combine full-time and part-time jobs, and improve the professionalism of community pension services. The first is to equip full-time staff. The success of home-based care for the aged largely depends on having a professional and professional service team. As far as the present situation of human resources is concerned, the construction of community pension service team should be combined with re-employment work, and laid-off and unemployed groups should be selected from the human resource pool. At the same time, in order to improve the quality of home-based care service, it is suggested to select business backbones from social work and medical nursing graduates every year, and improve the quality of the whole community care service team by enriching professionals. Regularly hold "training courses for home-based aged care workers", so as to hold posts with certificates. The second is to establish a "volunteer" system. Do a good job of community home-based care for the elderly, can not be separated from young and middle-aged groups. On the one hand, it is necessary to rely on young and middle-aged groups to cultivate an atmosphere of respecting the elderly and take the initiative to assume the responsibility of supporting the elderly; On the other hand, the services of young volunteers are also needed to solve the practical difficulties of the elderly, especially the difficulties in legal aid and spiritual comfort. The third is to set up mutual aid organizations. According to the principle of similar age and like-mindedness, a mutual aid group for the elderly is established, which is organized by the elderly themselves to carry out various activities and serve each other. Through collective activities, we can not only get spiritual satisfaction and enjoy life, but also solve some specific difficulties.

5, grasp the leadership, improve the mechanism, and enhance the long-term effectiveness of community pension services. The first is to establish a leadership working mechanism. Establish a leading group for the socialization of community pension, study and explore the difficulties and problems faced by community pension, formulate supporting policies, systems and regulations, propose ways and methods to solve problems, build a perfect community pension service system led by the government, coordinated by departments and participated by the society, implement the responsibilities of finance, development and reform, health, land, civil affairs, sports, culture and other departments and towns where the community is located, realize unified cooperation, and comprehensively promote and supervise the implementation of pension work. The second is to implement the responsibility mechanism. In terms of system construction, it is necessary to clarify the responsibilities of all levels and types of service institutions, and establish and improve various systems for community services for the elderly, such as the visiting system for elderly people living alone, the voluntary service system, the service supervision system, the post responsibility system for service personnel, and the reward and punishment system for service personnel. In terms of standardized management, it is necessary to formulate living service standards, old-age service standards, healthy old-age service standards and service effect evaluation standards. In terms of standardized management, the items and contents of various services and service prices have been formulated. Service personnel qualification certification, adhere to the certificate, and the implementation of the contract system, service personnel to abide by the service convention. The third is to strengthen the guidance of public opinion. It is necessary to publicize the work and cause of aging through various media, create an atmosphere of "respecting, loving and helping the elderly", set a model of filial piety and helping the elderly, and often achieve "TV has images, radio has voices, and newspapers have articles" to enhance social participation and sense of responsibility, mission and urgency.