[PubMed English] 20 10 PubMed English Reading Six Problems Solving Skills

According to the requirements of the examination syllabus and the analysis of real questions over the years, it can be seen that the most commonly tested questions in reading comprehension of postgraduate entrance examination are: lexical meaning, topic, detailed facts, reasoning and judgment, functional examples and attitude tendency.

Next, I will analyze the problem-solving skills by closely following these six types of questions, and illustrate the real problems in the past two years with examples.

Lexical meaning problem

This is a compulsory exam every year. Its essence is not vocabulary, but the examinee's ability to analyze the meaning of words in context, so it is mainly context understanding ability. This kind of question type does not need full-text positioning, and the answer is often in three sentences next to the question.

Let's briefly analyze the relationship between contexts, which can be divided into sequential connection and reverse connection. That is to say, if there is no contrast and turning point in these three sentences, it can be considered that the content before and after is consistent and logically coherent, then the meaning of the underlined part is the same or similar, and its meaning can be obtained through the two sentences before and after.

If there are contrastive inflection words in the middle, such as but, anyway, yet, never, instead, in spice of, through, while, on the contrast, etc. Then the relationship before and after is opposite or relative.

(06-0 1) Despite "endless talk about differences", American society is an amazing homogenization machine. Popular culture is characterized by "the democratic consistency of clothes and words, as well as randomness and lack of respect". People are attracted by the "consumer culture" initiated by 654 department stores in the 38+09 century, which provide "a dazzling array of goods in an elegant atmosphere".

2 1. The word "homogenization" (line 1, paragraph 1) most likely means

[A] identify [B] joint [C] assimilation [D] monopoly

This problem is typical and can be done from two angles. First of all, from the structural point of view, when we return to the text, we will find that there is a "though" in front, and there is a turning point before and after the explanation. So the meaning of this word should be the opposite of difference. It can be seen from the options that only C means assimilation. Even if you don't know this word, you can see the opposite of similarity and difference from his root sim.

In addition, this problem can also be done from the perspective of vocabulary. Because the word you are asking is a verb, you can find the verb from the context. Being absorbed in is found in the last two sentences, and there is no contrastive turning point in the middle, which shows that they have the same or similar meaning-absorption. Look at the options. Only c means assimilation and absorption, which is naturally the correct answer.

Subject title

This type of question is the focus of examination in recent years. In 2008, the real question took four questions, which is also the most commonly realized question type in option innovation. It often examines the main idea of the whole article or a paragraph, or requires an appropriate title for the article.

Its approach is to find the main points of the article and skip many details in the article. In an article, the first and last paragraphs are often the most important, and in a paragraph, the first and last sentences are often the most important, so the main point of this question type is to get the central word and the core of the article around the first and last sentences of the first and last paragraphs.

Which of the following is the best title of this article?

The vigilant middle class, the middle class on the cliff.

The middle class in conflict.

This is the topic, and the focus is on the main idea of the article. Look directly at the first and last names of the first and last paragraphs to determine the answer. As can be seen from the options, the focus is on the middle class and the theme is the same.

In the past generation, American middle-class families used to rely on hard work and fair competition to ensure their financial security, but economic risks and new realities have changed them. Now, a dismissal notice, a wrong diagnosis or a missing spouse can reduce a family from a solid middle class to a new poor person in a few months.

From the perspective of middle-class families, it is understandable that this is largely not like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibilities, but more like an amazing acceleration of the large-scale transfer of financial risks to their already overburdened shoulders. The financial crisis has begun, and the political crisis may not be far away.

As can be seen from the first sentence, the core verb of the trunk is transform change. The last sentence mainly means that the middle class will become poor, so the negative meaning is very obvious.

From the first sentence of the last paragraph, after analyzing the trunk, we will find that the present situation is not an opportunity at all, but a challenge to the middle class. (It seems far from being an opportunity, but more like the acceleration of risks.) We can see that the life of the middle class is undergoing tremendous changes, and it is on a cliff. The answer is B, and the rest of the answers are too big and too small.

Details and facts

This is the key question type in the postgraduate reading test, and there are about half of the questions every year. The main examination is the understanding and judgment of the specific details of the article, as well as the comparative analysis ability of the article content and the options themselves. Therefore, this type of question can best reflect the ability of sentence analysis. At the same time, we also find that vocabulary is important when doing this problem, but grasping the sentence from the structure can sometimes get twice the result with half the effort, and we can solve the problem without fully understanding the vocabulary.

(07-0 1-23) according to Ericsson, good memory

[A] Relying on meaningful information processing.

[B] The result of intuitive exercise rather than cognitive exercise.

It is determined by genetic factors rather than psychological factors.

[D] Need immediate feedback and high concentration.

This success, coupled with later studies that memory itself is not determined by genes, led Ericsson to conclude that the behavior of memory is more a cognitive exercise than an intuitive exercise. In other words, no matter what natural differences two people have in memory ability, these differences will be covered up by everyone's "coding" degree of information. Eriksson believes that the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully is a process called deliberate practice. Deliberate practice is more than simply repeating a task. Instead, it includes setting clear goals, getting immediate feedback, and paying attention to skills as well as results.

This is a completely open detail problem, and you can only search one by one through options. Option a is less distinctive. Let's look at B. The two words, intuition and cognition, are not familiar, but we can find that they are reproduced in the text. By comparison, you will find that the structure is different. This article says that the behavior of memory is more a cognitive exercise than an intuitive exercise, and the choice is the result of intuitive exercise than cognitive exercise. The article emphasizes the cognition behind, while the options emphasize the intuition in front, which is obviously different.

Look at C. In the article, memory itself is not determined by heredity, and options are determined by heredity rather than psychological factors, emphasizing previous heredity rather than the original.

Looking at D, the article says that it includes setting specific goals, supporting immediate feedback, and paying attention to skills and results. The options are immediate feedback and high concentration. This paper mentioned three contents: goal, feedback and concentration, but only the latter two items were included in the options, so the information was obviously missing and excluded.

Look at a again. After finding this article, I found that this is the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully. Eriksson believes that this is a process called "liberating practice". Among them, encode is synonymous with process in the option, and the answer is a.

Inference judgment question

This question examines the ability to reason on the basis of detailed facts, and requires that what the author wants to say is not clear. Often in the stem of the question, the words "inside, suggestion, suggestion, instruction and learning" are given. The key point is to reason according to the author's thinking, rather than subjectively presenting personal experience and imagination. At the same time, pay attention to the scope. The basic practice is similar to the details, and it is also a comparative analysis after positioning. At the same time, it will be found that the option containing some vague words is often the correct option, because the process of reasoning is a process from known to unknown, and there is often some room for it.

It can be inferred from the last paragraph.

[A] Financial risks are often greater than political risks.

[B] The middle class may face greater political challenges.

C. financial problems may bring political problems.

D. Economic responsibility is a sign of political status.

From the perspective of middle-class families, it is understandable that this is largely not like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibilities, but more like an amazing acceleration of the large-scale transfer of financial risks to their already overburdened shoulders. The financial crisis has begun, and the political crisis may not be far away.

Skip straight to the last paragraph. First of all, observing the options, we find that A, B and C all tend to be vague words, and may, may and May are our concerns. Furthermore, we can find that the three options are very regular, and they are all subject-predicate-object structures. The subjects of A and C are the same, which are economic and financial issues, and B is middle class. The objects of the three options are the same, which are political issues. So we position ourselves on political issues, go back to the last paragraph and find that there is only the last paragraph. So, we have shrunk from a whole paragraph to one sentence.

Look at the last sentence, we find that trunk means "the political aftermath has begun, and the economic aftermath is not far away." Radioactive fallout is a difficult word. Skip it. We find that we are discussing the relationship between economy and politics, and directly excluding B has nothing to do with this sentence.

Look at a and C. The difference between them is two verbs, extension and bringing. Seeing the structure of the last sentence, A begins and B is not far away. Obviously, this is an extension of the causal relationship we mentioned in the details. There are many expressions of causality in postgraduate entrance examination English, and this is one of them. Therefore, we can think that there is a causal relationship between political things and economic things. If you look at the options again, you can find that there are two verbs in A and C, that is, excess means excluding, exclusion means bringing, which is a causal relationship. If you look at d again, you can find that it is irrelevant, so the answer is C.

Functional example

This can almost be said to be an exclusive question type for postgraduate entrance examination. CET-4 and CET-6 will never be tested, so students should pay enough attention to it when preparing for the exam, and keep it at about 3 questions every year. Its core is to examine the function and function of an example mentioned in this paper. In the stem of the question, we often see words such as mentioning, mentioning, paying attention to, quoting, giving examples, cases, functions, demonstrations, explanations, proofs, arguments, putting forward opinions, talking and so on.

The key point of this type of question is to know that functions and functions are derived from examples, which are higher than examples. The content of the example itself is not important. Therefore, if the details in the example appear in the options, it is often the first option we rule out. It is important to find the point sentence of this example, and the answer is often it or its synonymous transformation.

Birthday phenomena found among football players are mentioned.

Emphasize the importance of professional training.

Focus on World Cup soccer superstars.

C. introduce what makes an expert behave.

Explain why some football teams play better than others.

The reference indicates that this is a functional problem. Positioning is to use the word football birthday to locate. Because it is the first question, it must be in the front.

If you check the birth certificate of every football player in the 2006 World Cup, you will probably find a strange phenomenon worthy of attention: elite football players are more likely to be born in the first few months of the year than those in Lat. If you then investigate the European national youth teams that play for the World Cup and professional teams, you will find this strange phenomenon more obvious.

What can explain this strange phenomenon? Here are some speculations: a) Some constellations endow superb football skills; B) Babies born in winter often have higher oxygen capacity, which increases football endurance; C) Parents who are crazy about football are more likely to get pregnant in spring, which is the annual peak of football fanaticism; D) none of the above.

It can be seen that the first paragraph of the article is all about football. Explain that this whole paragraph is an example in itself, and it is not what we should pay attention to.

Comparing the options, we can find that A, B and D are the reappearance of the first paragraph of details, as well as vocational training, World Cup and football. It's all details, and the answer C is directly ruled out.

Attitude tendency problem

This is a small question type, which is a question or not every year, but it also needs to be prepared when preparing. It examines the attitude and inclination of the author or the characters in the article to the theme, so it is most important to find emotional words that can show the attitude. If it is a full-text attitude question, then we need to examine the beginning of each paragraph of the full text. Emotional words are often verbs, adjectives and adverbs.

(07-02-30) What is the author's attitude towards IQ test?

Supportive, skeptical, just and biased

This is a full-text attitude problem. Look at the first sentence of each paragraph and focus on finding emotional words.

The first paragraph introduces the topic and can be skipped.

Obviously, intelligence includes more than exam scores. It can be seen that the author does not fully agree with IQ test. The word Cleary clearly shows the author's attitude and excludes a.

The first sentence of the third paragraph: the definition term of human intelligence still seems to be IQ score, even though IQ tests are no longer conducted as in the past. It shows that the author thinks that IQ will still be used in the test method.

Robert J. Sternberg believes that at a turning point in the fourth paragraph, this standardized test may not be able to evaluate all the important factors necessary for success in school and life. Among them, the subject and predicate is may not assess all, which directly shows that the author thinks that this kind of test is not omnipotent and has some doubts about its test results. C and d don't agree with the original text, so the answer is B.