Shaoguan history

Shaoguan was called Shaozhou in history. According to legend, Shun Di visited "Shaole" among the stone peaks 30 kilometers north of the city. The 36 stones here were later collectively called Shao Shi.

According to archaeological findings, the human history in northern Guangdong can be traced back to 10 million years ago. 1958 The skull fossil of "Maba Man" found in Shiziyan Cave, Maba Township, Qujiang County is the earliest human fossil found in Guangdong. The discovery of "Maba Man Fossil" reveals the history of human beings in Paleolithic Guangdong. There are hundreds of sites in the middle and late Neolithic period all over the country, including Shi Xia in Qujiang, Nianhu Brick and Zoumagang Site in Shaoguan. A large number of beautifully made stone books, axes, chisels, knives, shovels and other stone tools, as well as fish net pendants, pottery spinning wheels, various stone and bone ornaments, artificially cultivated rice grains and other relics have been unearthed, which outlines a picture of Chang 'e IV. It shows the ancient civilization in northern Guangdong where "Maba people" opened accounts, and there are successors and continuous.

Sites of bronze culture have also been found all over the city. It shows that northern Guangdong has entered the Bronze Age since the Zhou Dynasty, but its development is slower than that of the Central Plains, and a slave society has not yet been formed. Spring and Autumn Period; Shaoguan belongs to Jingzhou and Yangzhou. During the Warring States period, the powerful forces of Chu extended to Lingnan, and northern Guangdong became southern Xinjiang of Chu.

After Qin Shihuang annexed six countries, Guangdong and Guangxi were pacified in 2 14 BC, and Nanhai County was established in Guangdong today. Now all the counties in the city are under the jurisdiction of Nanhai County. Although there was no county organization at that time, Ren Xiao, the captain of Nanhai, had built a castle at the foot of Lianhua Mountain in the southern suburb of Shaoguan City, which was later called Ren Xiaocheng.

In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, Zhao Tuo divided Guangdong and Guangxi and established Nanyue State. Zhao Tuo incorporated northern Guangdong under the jurisdiction of Nanhai County into the territory of South Vietnam. There were no counties at that time. After the demise of South Vietnam, counties began to be established in northern Guangdong. In the sixth year of Emperor Ding Yuan (BC 165438+ BC 0 1), Nanyue State perished. In view of the lessons of the separatist regime in South Vietnam, Guiyang County was set up in the Han Dynasty (the county is now Chenzhou City, Hunan Province). Guiyang County * * * governs eleven counties, including Guiyang, Yangshan (the later Han Yangshan entered Yinshan), Yinshan, Hanyu, Mianyang and Qujiang, which is now Shaoguan City. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, it remained unchanged. Nanxiong, today's Shixing area, belonged to Lin Nan, Zhang Yu County in the Han Dynasty (Ye Nan in the later Han Dynasty and Nankang in Jiangxi Province).

At the end of the Three Kingdoms, Sun Hao, the Lord of Wu, began to analyze that Shixing County was located in the south of Guiyang County in the first year of Ganlu (AD 265), and Qujiang (now Shaoguan City) was the beginning of the establishment of Shaoguan County, which unified all counties in the city in one administrative district (county) for the first time. The second Jin Dynasty was due to it. At that time, the jurisdiction of Shixing County was equivalent to the sum of the former Shaoguan area and the former Shaoguan city before the merger of 1983. It was the largest period in ancient history with Shaoguan as the political center, and it governed Guiyang and Yangshan (Yangshan and Waste Yinshan were established in the first year of Wu Ganlu, and their land was merged into Yangshan), including Yi, Qujiang, Shixing (in the sixth year of Wu Yong 'an), Shixing and three counties, namely Nanxiong and Yangshan.

During the Southern Dynasties (AD 420-589) 170, dynasties changed frequently, which led to the abandonment of counties in northern Guangdong and complicated evolution. Shixing County was renamed Guangxing County in the Southern Song Dynasty and Shixing County in the Southern Qi Dynasty, and its jurisdiction was similar to that of Jin. Liang and Chen Dynasties set up two first-level administrative districts of Hengzhou and Donghengzhou and three second-level administrative districts of Yangshan, Shixing and Anyuan in this city. In addition to the original county, Guangsui (now Lianshan, where the county is located), Liang Hua (now the Liang family in the south-central part of Lechang, renamed Lechang in the eighteenth year of Sui Dynasty) and Shi Ping (now the Liang family entered the province in the north of Lechang, and its land entered Liang Hua in the twelfth year of Sui Dynasty) were added. Wengyuan county was newly established at the end of Liang Cheng, which belonged to qingyuan county at that time.

Northern Guangdong in Sui Dynasty belonged to Nanhai County (now Guangzhou) and xiping county (now Lian County). In the ninth year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty (AD 589), Donghengzhou was changed to Shaozhou, which was named after the word "Shao" in the mountains of northern Shao Shi. At first, the word "Shao" was used as the state, but it was soon abolished and returned to Nanhai County.

By the Tang Dynasty, the whole northern Guangdong area was basically under the jurisdiction of Lingnan Road (now Yang Lian area used to belong to Hunan Road). The Tang Dynasty was divided into Shaozhou (Zhenguan year of Tang Dynasty, governing Qujiang) and Lianzhou in northern Guangdong. Shaozhou governs six counties: Qujiang, Renhua, Lechang, Shixing and Mianchang (now Nanxiong).

In the Five Dynasties, Lingnan was occupied by Liu in the Southern Han Dynasty. Nanhan added Yingzhou (now Yingde County) and Xiongzhou (now Nanxiong City) to Beijiang River. In this way, together with the original Shaozhou and Lianzhou, northern Guangdong is divided into four States.

In the Song Dynasty, northern Guangdong belonged to Guangnan East Road. There are still four States in the territory (Xiongzhou changed to Nanxiong). In the Yuan Dynasty, the state was changed to Dao, and in the early Yuan Dynasty, Nan, Shao, Lian and Ying Dao were set up in northern Guangdong, all of which belonged to Guangdong Dao in Jiangxi Province. Shaozhou Road leads to Lechang, Qujiang, Renhua and Ruyuan counties, which is the smallest period of Shaoguan as an administrative center in history. In the Ming Dynasty, northern Guangdong was under the Ministry of Public Affairs of Guangdong, with two prefectures (Nanxiong Prefecture and Shaozhou Prefecture) and one state (Lianzhou).

Northern Guangdong belonged to Guangdong Province in Qing Dynasty. The establishment of state capitals in the early Qing Dynasty was the same as that in the Ming Dynasty. Nanxiong Prefecture was changed to Zhili Prefecture in the 12th year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty (1807), and it was divided into Changbao County (Shixing County, the official leader).

In the 26th year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1547), a tax gate (named Xianqiao Gate) was set up at Wushuibian in Qujiang County. In the 9th year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1670), Taiping Pass, which was originally located in Nanxiong, was moved to Mianshuibian, Qujiang County, and then a dry pass was added outside the north gate of Qujiang County. The name of Shaoguan came from this.

After the Revolution of 1911, the county was abandoned. During the period from 19 14 to 1920, it was once diverted and saved, and the former Nanxiong mansion, Shaozhou mansion and Lianzhou mansion were merged, called Nanshaolian Island, and later renamed Lingnan Road (which means Shaoguan). The actual jurisdiction is exactly the same as Shaoguan today. 1936, Guangdong province once set up an administrative supervision area, with northern Guangdong as the first supervision area, and its agency located in Shaoguan.

After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Guangdong Province successively set up the Northern Administrative Office (later changed to Guangdong Northern Administrative Office), Shaoguan Office and Shaoguan Administrative Office in Shaoguan City. Beijiang Administrative Office has jurisdiction over 265,438+0 counties/kloc-0 cities (now the urban area, the city has jurisdiction over counties and Qingyuan, Fogang, Xinfeng, hua county, Conghua, Heyuan, Longchuan and Heping). Shaoguan institutions administer 19 counties and one city; Shaoguan administrative office is under the jurisdiction of 15 counties and one city (now urban counties and Qingyuan, Fogang and Xinfeng), and then Xinfeng was placed under Guangzhou. 1June, 977, Shaoguan was upgraded to a provincial city, Qujiang was a suburban county, and Shaoguan was 13 county. 1June, 1983, the cities merged, Qingyuan and Fogang, the original areas, were placed under Guangzhou, and the merged Shaoguan now governs 12 counties and three municipal districts.

Shaoguan is a subtropical humid monsoon climate zone with a warm climate, with an annual average temperature of 18.8-2 1.6 degrees. Abundant rainfall, with annual rainfall of 1300-2400 mm; The annual frost-free period is about 365,438+00 days. The warm subtropical climate and abundant rainfall make Shaoguan a good place for tourism, with evergreen seasons and lush trees. Shaoguan is a multi-ethnic area, most of which are Han people. In addition, there are more than 30 ethnic minorities such as Yao, Zhuang, Hui, Manchu, Mongolian, Jing, Miao, Bai, Dong and Tujia, which are mainly distributed in and around Ruyuan Yao Autonomous County. At the end of 1993, the total population of the city was 2.898 million, including 964,000 non-agricultural people, 2.857 million Han people, accounting for 98.6% of the total population of the city, and 4 1000 ethnic minorities, accounting for10.4% of the total population of the city. The population density is per square kilometer 156 people.

Shaoguan has a long history and an ancient civilization. The human history of Shaoguan can be traced back to100000 years ago, which has been proved by the discovery of Maba human skull fossils in Qujiang. In the last years of the Three Kingdoms (AD 265), Wu Zhusun established Shixing County, the seat of Qujiang City (now Shaoguan City), which was the beginning of Shaoguan County. In the ninth year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty (AD 589), Shaozhou was renamed, with the word "Shao" in the north of the mountain as the country name. In the 26th year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1547), a customs office was established in Wushui, Qujiang County. In the 9th year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (AD 1670), Taipingguan, which was originally located in Nanxiong, moved to Mianshui, Qujiang, and then added a tax gate outside the north gate of Qujiang. Shaoguan was named after this, and famous politicians and diplomats Zhang Jiuling and Liu Zhan in the Tang Dynasty were born. The sixth ancestor, Huineng Yujing, all chose Shaoguan as the birthplace of their southern Zen Buddhism. As the hometown of Maba people and the birthplace of Shi Xia culture, Shaoguan is one of the cradles of ancient culture in China. Three Chinese dialects are mainly used in northern Guangdong: Guangzhou dialect (also known as Guangzhou dialect), Hakka dialect and Chaoshan dialect; The local folk arts mainly include tea-picking opera, flower drum opera, lantern opera, folk songs, storytelling, Allegro, Cantonese opera and lion dance.

Shaoguan is rich in natural and cultural landscapes, including famous mountains, famous temples, caves, rapids, hot springs, virgin forests, places of interest, cliff stone carvings, precious cultural relics and ethnic customs. National scenic spots-Renhua Danxia Mountain, Meili Xiaokeng National Forest Park, China First River Rafting Resort, Kowloon 18th Beach, National Key Temple Nanhua Temple and Yunmen Mountain Daigakuji have been opened one after another. The world-famous "Maba people" have skulls from Lion Rock in Jinjiling, one of the eight famous scenic spots in Guangdong, Yaozhai Village in Ruyuan, which is full of ethnic customs, and a fascinating wildlife hunting ground. It has opened up more than ten tourist routes and become one of the four major tourist routes in Guangdong. Pre-professional evaluation: Northern Guangdong is the largest tourist base in South China, and it can be the largest tourist base in Jianhua. At present, the tourist attractions under development are: Yangyuanshi Scenic Spot in Danxia Mountain, Nanling National Forest Park, Chebaling National Nature Reserve, Shao Shi Mountain, Underground Forest, the first peak in South Guangdong, the former residence of China celebrities, and Nanhua Hot Spring Resort.