On the Cultural and Artistic Features of Guangcai in Lingnan Painting School

On the Cultural and Artistic Features of Guangcai in Lingnan Painting School

Lead: Guang Cai, influenced by Lingnan School of Painting, is different from the past in both content and expression. Guang Cai has a wide range of decorative themes, including various flower patterns with traditional characteristics of China, flowers and birds with auspicious meanings, fruits and vegetables, etc.

Guang Cai, right? Guangzhou zhijin colored porcelain? The abbreviation of glazed porcelain, based on the plain white glazed porcelain in Jingdezhen, was painted and fired. Its production began in the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, that is, the Qing Dynasty in China. Maritime Silk Road? As one of the famous export porcelain varieties, it has a history of more than 300 years, and it is also one of the best glazed porcelain in China. Guang Cai is a typical decorative art ceramic, especially its gorgeous patterns, which have both Chinese and western cultural colors. It has obvious characteristics of the times and distinct regional characteristics in the history of China ceramics, and it is a cultural heritage that China people are proud of.

First, the origin and development of Guang Cai

Guang Cai is a kind of glazed porcelain developed in the trade between Chinese and Western ceramics during the Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty. However, the masters, pigments and plain porcelain who made Guang Cai in the early stage were all from Jingdezhen, and they were processed according to the pattern of Jingdezhen, so the characteristics of Guang Cai were not obvious. During the Qianlong and Jiaqing periods, Guang Cai began to gradually form its own unique style, which was recognized by the society.

At that time, Guangzhou craftsmen borrowed from the West? Golden tire burning enamel? Technology, created with imported materials? Copper tire burning enamel? Later, this technique was applied to the white porcelain tire shipped from Jingdezhen to become enamel, which is the bud of Guangzhou colored porcelain. Zhijin colored porcelain is the earliest Guangzhou colored porcelain enamel product, which is widely loved by Chinese and foreign nobles and rich people because of its noble and gorgeous appearance.

At first, Guang Cai was only based on the specific patterns brought by European businessmen for export. Painted porcelain in the Ming Dynasty is a combination of western painting techniques in artistic features, with patterns with Lingnan local characteristics. The most common composition is to enclose several spaces with different shapes with lace patterns, and draw flowers, landscapes and people in the spaces. There are also painted flowers full of colorful flowers.

/kloc-in the 0/9th century, in the process of Sino-US trade, American multicolored decoration appeared new contents, and its artistic expression forms were more diversified. While drawing lessons from western experience, we paid more attention to the combination with China traditional culture, and began to use China satin brocade patterns as porcelain decoration, and formed a unique style of woven gold colored porcelain. The decorative art of colored porcelain finally developed and matured. Guang Cai not only inherited the artistic style of traditional colored porcelain in China, but also combined with western painting methods. It is unique among many painted porcelains and has a unique style. It is more gorgeous after being painted with gold, so it is famous for its gorgeous color and resplendence.

Second, the Lingnan customs in Guang Cai

Guang Cai is mainly used for export. Although influenced by the characteristics of western culture and art, the decorative content has the national characteristics of China. Guang Cai has a wide range of decorative themes, including various flower patterns with China traditional characteristics, flowers, birds, fruits and vegetables with auspicious meanings, rococo-style folding grass, animal patterns imitating European copperplate prints, Chinese character patterns depicting secular life and western character patterns, among which the character patterns are the most colorful. However, Guang Cai's works of Lingnan School of Painting basically focus on figures, landscapes and animals.

Guangzhou is located in the center of Lingnan culture, which continues to this day, forming its own unique style and distinctive regional cultural characteristics. Among them, the figures are the most colorful. Guang Cai figures are divided into China figures and western figures, most of which depict secular life scenes, while some western figures are based on myths and legends, religious themes and so on.

At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, Guang Cai's works with Lingnan painting style mainly came from China's traditional myths and legends, historical stories, Buddhist and Taoist themes and literary themes, and it was rare to express secular life scenes. Compared with the previous figure paintings in Guang Cai, Guang Cai's Lingnan Painting School has simple pictures, simple characters, fewer characters and much simpler scenes.

Landscape patterns can be divided into Chinese and western styles, and most of them combine nature with architecture. The wide painting method in this period was influenced by Lingnan School, and the landscape works were similar to the traditional landscape paintings in China, with trees, rivers, mountains and rivers, houses and figures as the main combination. There are also some colorful landscape works, which not only depict the landscape, but also add some characters to make the landscape more vivid.

Animal patterns are important decorative patterns in Guang Cai, but there are few works, mainly deer patterns and a few dragon and phoenix patterns, and the rest are basically flower and bird works. These animal patterns are often rich in meaning, colorful and rich in Rococo artistic style. Influenced by the Lingnan School's emphasis on realism, more colorful works depicting animals alone appeared in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, and their expressions were no longer stereotyped, but closer to the animal images in China's traditional Chinese paintings, which were generally freehand.

Third, the manifestations of Guang Cai

Influenced by Lingnan School of Painting, Guang Cai is different from the past in content and expression. For example, in the layout of the picture, before Jiaqing, Guang Cai was a combination of dense composition and Shu Lang style; After Daoguang, the wide colors are mainly shades, with little blank space.

Influenced by Lingnan School of Painting, Guang Cai's works rarely add frills to the edges of vessels, and even if they do, they are very simple, such as plaid patterns painted in red, green and ink or a circle of small brocade flowers. Compared with the complicated and gorgeous fringe patterns such as dragon and phoenix patterns, brocade patterns and various ribbon patterns, its fringe patterns are more concise. In addition, Lingnan Painting School paid attention to layout and artistic conception, changed the habit of colorful landscapes decorated with borders, borrowed the composition form of China traditional Chinese painting, and freely stretched and interspersed the composition of objects, further highlighting the artistic conception and subjective interest of landscape painting.

Guang Cai's works have changed the traditional way of painting, no longer using edging and lighting, and the composition has become concise and lively, with more blank space in the picture, which is no longer dense. The contents of porcelain paintings are basically the contents of literati paintings, plus signatures and seals. In the early stage of development, the color of Guang Cai was greatly influenced by Jingdezhen porcelain, so most of the Guang Cai produced at that time was simple and elegant. But in the prosperous period, because of the integration of western painting methods, Guang Cai began to become gorgeous and complicated, while Guang Cai's paintings were mainly thick and colorful.

/kloc-After the middle of the 9th century, Guang Cai reached a stage of prosperity and formed a distinctive and unique style. Weaving gold? This is an accurate description of Guang Cai's unique style. By the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, the painters of Lingnan School began to join Guang Cai's creation, and the techniques of China's traditional Chinese painting were integrated into Guang Cai's paintings, and the colors became fresh and elegant.

Influenced by Jingdezhen porcelain, some water-pattern plates in Guang Cai Mountain show features similar to light crimson and new colors. In the heyday of Guang Cai, due to the need of decorative effect, the lines drawn by porcelain are all contour lines with uniform thickness, which only play the role of shaping, not for beauty, and gradually drift away from the ever-changing lines of freehand brushwork.

It gradually evolved into a decorative style different from traditional Chinese painting, especially in the late Qing Dynasty. By the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, influenced by Lingnan School of Painting, literati began to pay attention to brushwork and artistic conception, and the brushwork changed from meticulous painting to semi-meticulous painting or freehand painting. In addition, influenced by western classical oil paintings, literati applied the freehand brushwork of China's Chinese paintings to Guang Cai's works, and some even used realistic techniques.

Four. conclusion

Guang Cai, born out of the mother body of China's traditional glaze color, blended the eastern and western cultures, and was rich in times and regional characteristics in the history of China ceramics, creating an era of material civilization and spiritual civilization. The participation of Lingnan School of Painting promoted the formation of Guang Cai regional characteristics, enriched the painting style of Guang Cai porcelain and improved Guang Cai's social status.

References:

[1] Lin Lan, Lai Rongsheng. Research on the present situation and development of Lingnan regional art design higher education? Focus on Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts [J]. Journal of Fine Arts, 20 15, (1).

;