What exactly is a machining center? Pray for the great gods.

Machining Center (abbreviated as CNC in English): It is a highly automatic multifunctional CNC machine tool with tool magazine and automatic tool changing device. In China, Hongkong, Taiwan Province and Guangdong, many people also call it Computer Palace. After the workpiece is clamped in the machining center once, the numerical control system can control the machine tool to automatically select and replace the tool according to different processes, and automatically change the auxiliary functions such as spindle speed, feed speed, tool trajectory relative to the workpiece, so as to sequentially complete the multi-process machining of multiple surfaces of the workpiece. And has various functions of changing or selecting knives, thus greatly improving the production efficiency. Machining centers can be divided into boring, milling and turning according to their processing technology, and can be divided into three-axis, four-axis and five-axis machining centers according to the number of control axes. Due to the centralized working procedures and automatic tool change, the machining center reduces the time of workpiece clamping, measuring and machine tool adjustment, and makes the cutting time of machine tool reach about 80% of the starting time of machine tool (only15 ~ 20% for ordinary machine tools); At the same time, it also reduces the time of workpiece turnover, handling and storage between processes, shortens the production cycle and has obvious economic effect. Machining center is suitable for small and medium-sized batch production with complex parts shape, high precision and frequent product replacement. The first machining center was first developed by Carney-Tektronix in the United States in 1958. Based on the numerical control horizontal boring and milling machine, it adds an automatic tool changing device, which realizes the centralized processing of milling, drilling, boring, reaming and tapping after the workpiece is clamped once. Since the 1970s, machining centers have developed rapidly, and a machining center with replaceable headstock has appeared. The machining center is equipped with multi-spindle headstock with automatic tool replacement, which can simultaneously perform multi-hole machining on workpieces. This form of multi-process centralized processing has also been extended to other types of CNC machine tools, such as turning centers. The CNC lathe is equipped with multiple automatic tool changing devices, which can control more than three coordinates. In addition to turning, the spindle can also be stopped or indexed, while the cutter rotates for milling, drilling, reaming and tapping, which is suitable for processing complex rotating parts. According to the arrangement of the spindle, the machining center is divided into vertical and horizontal. Horizontal machining centers generally have indexing turntable or numerical control turntable, which can process all sides of the workpiece; It can also be used for the joint motion of multiple coordinates in order to deal with complex spatial surfaces. Vertical machining centers generally have no turntable, and only process the top surface. In addition, there are compound machining centers with vertical and horizontal spindles, and vertical and horizontal adjustable machining centers whose spindles can be adjusted into horizontal or vertical axes, which can process five surfaces of workpieces. The automatic tool changing device of machining center consists of tool magazine and tool changing mechanism. There are many kinds of tool depots, including disc and chain. Chain cutters have a large capacity to store cutters. The tool changing mechanism exchanges tools between the spindle of the machine tool and the tool magazine, usually a manipulator; There is also an armless tool changer that directly exchanges tools with the tool magazine by the spindle without a manipulator. In order to further shorten the non-cutting time, some machining centers are equipped with two trays for automatic workpiece exchange. One is to process workpieces on the workbench, and the other is to load and unload workpieces outside the workbench. After the machine tool completes a machining cycle, it automatically exchanges trays, so that the time of loading and unloading the workpiece coincides with the cutting time. According to the relative position of spindle and worktable, machining centers are usually divided into horizontal, vertical and universal machining centers. (1) Horizontal machining center: refers to the machining center with the spindle axis parallel to the workbench, which is mainly suitable for machining box parts. (2) Vertical machining center: refers to the machining center with the spindle axis perpendicular to the workbench, which is mainly suitable for machining complex parts such as plates, disks, molds and small shells. (3) Universal machining center (also known as multi-axis linkage machining center): refers to a machining center that can control the linkage change by machining the included angle between the spindle axis and the rotary axis of the workbench, and complete the machining of complex spatial curved surfaces. It is suitable for machining impeller rotors, dies, cutters and other workpieces with complex spatial curved surfaces.