Shading design analysis of building energy efficiency?

1.1 Classification according to shading design techniques

1) Architectural self-shading. This kind of shading is the use of building mutual shading or the building's own components shading, determined by the building construction. This kind of shading is generally formed when the building is built, generally do not need artificial maintenance, mainly divided into two kinds: one is the surrounding buildings of the shade, in the function of the effect of shading, this kind of situation is particularly common in our traditional houses, but in modern buildings due to the control of daylight spacing is less. Another is that the building itself constitutes the effect of shading, such as building eaves, building balconies or a variety of building components constitute the effect of self-shading. In the renovation of existing buildings generally do not have much room for transformation (see Figure 1a)).

2) building additional components of sun shading. This kind of shading is set up for the purpose of shading the building shading components, its effect is better than the building from shading way. This type of shading can be designed according to the actual situation of shading components to achieve the effect of shading. It can not only improve the comfort of the building, but also beautify the appearance of the building, so it is commonly used in the renovation of existing buildings and is a very effective way of renovation (see Figure 1b)).

3) Green shading. Compared with the above two kinds of shading, this kind of shading is more natural, it mainly uses planting greenery to block the direct sunlight. There are mainly two types of greening shading:One type is climbing plant-based, attached to the outer skin of the building, such as climbers, ivy and other plants; the other is a tall planted trees, as part of the greening system around the building. In the renovation of existing buildings, this is a very promising way of shading, both to meet the requirements of shading and energy saving, but also to improve the surrounding environment (see Figure 1c)).

1.2 according to the sunshade components relative to the window position classification

1) internal sunshade (see Figure 2). Internal shading system is generally used in conjunction with the door and window system, installed in the interior or inside the door and window and with a large transparent roof, floor-to-ceiling glass windows, large roller blinds, etc., so as to play a reduction in indoor heat absorption of the sun. Inner sunshade has a certain effect on improving indoor comfort, beautifying indoor environment and ensuring indoor privacy. Mostly used in buildings that are not easy to carry out external sunshade design, or used in combination with other forms of sunshade such as external sunshade.

2)External sunshade. Installed on the outside of the building shading facilities collectively referred to as external sunshade, generally combined with the overall facade of the building or transparent roof, because the external sunshade can be outside to reduce solar radiation, its shading effect is better than the internal shading system. It is used more in building remodeling. Mostly combined with the fa?ade, as well as energy saving and other aspects of integrated design.

3)Intermediate sunshade. Intermediate sunshade system is a form of sunshade between the inner sunshade and outer sunshade. Because it is set in the position between the building glass layer, it is called intermediate sunshade. Intermediate shading can reduce the heat gain through the glass in summer, diffuse reflection of daylight into the room, reduce the indoor illuminance difference, eliminate glare. But this way in the building remodeling project use less.

1.3 according to the sunshade components can be controlled classification

1) fixed sunshade. This kind of sunshade is usually designed together with the building fa?ade. Modeling treatment using window over the beam set, made of reinforced concrete and other permanent components, often become an integral part of the building. It has the advantage of low cost, once built will not need to be adjusted, you can save labor and financial resources; disadvantage is that it can not be adjusted according to the season, the weather and the day's change to change the shading to meet the building on the sun's requirements (see Figure 3a)).

2)Adjustable shading. This type of shading is just the opposite of the above shading, it is possible to adjust the angle of shading according to the season, the weather and the change of the day, so as to meet the requirements of the building on the sun's rays and the amount of light. This kind of sun shading is flexible, scientific and reasonable, it can be adjusted manually or mechanically, and it can be automatically adjusted by more advanced equipments according to various indexes of the environment. This kind of sunshade has the advantage of adjustable, Europe and the United States and other economically more developed countries use more. In China, adjustable sunshade in architectural design or existing building renovation must be used with caution, on the one hand, due to China's financial strength has not reached this level, if the hard to do, but caused a waste of resources; on the other hand, due to the lack of operation and management or not in place, resulting in a lot of originally adjustable sunshade into a fixed and unchanging sunshade, which is also a waste of resources, and also does not reflect the advantages of adjustable sunshade. reflect the advantages of adjustable shading (see Figure 3b)).

2 Different building parts, take different shading measures

1) Windows and doors. In the energy-saving renovation of the building, there are sun shading requirements mainly on the south, east and west sides of the building. Generally the building exterior windows use external shading, which can directly block the heat from the sun out of the building and try to maintain the thermal comfort of the building. For south-facing external window shading, an adjustable external sunshade louver system is used as much as possible so as to adjust the appropriate angle to block the strong sunlight in summer and block the heat directly outside the building. And in winter, can also be adjusted by adjusting the angle of the sunshade to adapt to the light, so that as much sunlight into the building interior, to improve the thermal comfort of the building; can also be used in the form of shutters, that is, in the existing window to do a shutter, shutter opening and closing can play a role in regulating the effect of sunshade. But for some buildings with historical value, can not change its facade of the building, it is not appropriate to use the building external sunshade, accordingly can be used in the building external window sunshade. Although there is no advantage of external sunshade, but also can achieve a certain effect of sunshade.

2)Walls. In the energy-saving transformation of the building, for the wall shading, generally can be used in two ways: one is to carry out shading treatment on the wall, the other is to carry out some shading outside the building wall, so as to realize the purpose of external wall shading. The former kind of shading treatment is mainly for the south-oriented exterior wall surface, can also be the east and west side walls, but the latter is mainly for the east and west side walls.

3) Roof. Roofs are divided into transparent and non-transparent roofs, which can be designed for shading according to the actual situation in the building energy-saving renovation. Transparent roofs mostly use internal shading measures such as sunshade canvas, and external adjustable shading components can also be used. For non-transparent roofs, green roofs can be used in conjunction with the roofs for people. On some non-superposed roofs, roof shading can be combined with other aspects. For example, it can be combined with a ventilated overhead layer or with solar panels to realize an integrated design of solar energy and shading. The three main parts of the above, in the sunshade transformation are taken in the corresponding shading measures (see Figure 4).

3 Conclusion

The campus has a wide variety of existing buildings, and different types of buildings have different requirements for sun shading, and even the same building in different parts of the building, different design strategies must be used. We should spend more time on sunshade design to achieve the best energy-saving effect when we carry out energy-saving building renovation. (This article is from Shanxi Architecture magazine. The introduction of "Shanxi Architecture" magazine is detailed at .)

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