Industrial characteristics of labor demand

1, substitutability

At the current level of technology, a considerable part of the labor force is irreplaceable by technology. Even if it can be replaced, the cost of using technology is often higher than that of using labor for developing countries with shortage of funds and relatively low labor costs.

In particular, in order to meet the diversified and personalized needs in the market, or to pursue exquisite handicrafts, manual operations must be retained or adopted. With the continuous progress of automation and artificial intelligence technology, labor-intensive industries will gradually withdraw from the historical stage.

2. Development stage

With the whole process of economic development, labor-intensive industries are gradually shifting from the leading stage to the non-leading stage. According to experts' research, the stage of industrialization dominated by labor-intensive industries in the United States lasted 1 10 years, 80 years in Japan and 40 years in Taiwan Province Province of China.

Only by recognizing that China's industrialization is still in the transitional stage from the intermediate stage to the advanced stage, and that the labor force has the typical "unlimited supply" characteristics, can the contribution and potential of labor-intensive industries to economic growth be fully released, and the industrialization stage led by labor-intensive industries in China will last for a long time.

3. It is universal.

Labor-intensive industries involve primary, secondary and tertiary industries and various forms of ownership, covering urban and rural areas. Even some high-tech industries, such as the grinding and polishing of optics and precision parts, still need to be done manually by the middle of this century.

Extended data

counter-measure

Measures 1

There is a one-sided understanding that simply promoting industrialization is equivalent to vigorously developing industry. Industrialization is essentially the process of transferring agricultural labor force to non-agricultural industries, which include both industry and service industry. Most of the employment in the industrialized countries in the world has turned to the service industry.

China is in a period of rapid industrialization. Although the task of industrialization has not been completed, it has entered a new stage of per capita GDP 1 000 USD. Vigorously develop labor-intensive service industries, in addition to the traditional trade, catering and repair industries, we should also pay special attention to the development of modern logistics and distribution, supermarket chains and other new formats, as well as community services and housekeeping services.

We should not only continue to develop the tertiary industry serving life, but also vigorously develop the tertiary industry serving production, such as financial, insurance, legal and other intermediary services. The development of the tertiary industry should solve the demand constraint by accelerating urbanization, and at the same time break the monopoly of the industry and establish a policy and institutional environment conducive to the development of the tertiary industry.

Measure 2

The organic combination of labor-intensive and advanced technology is the best model for the development of labor-intensive industries in China. Vigorously developing high-tech labor-intensive industries and labor-intensive production links in high-tech industries is the development direction. Therefore, we should vigorously develop labor-intensive assembly and processing industries, such as IT industry and emerging household appliances industry, around high-tech industries or external supporting terminal links.

In addition, it is necessary to encourage the development of labor-intensive industries that need manual operation to meet personalized and diversified market demand, such as personalized clothing and supplies, as well as the production of computer-designed pottery, sculpture, embroidery and other handicrafts.

Measure 3

China has issued a series of policies and measures to develop labor-intensive industries, but compared with developed countries, the overall policy support is not enough. For domestic labor-intensive enterprises, especially non-public enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises, there is still a lack of real national treatment, free trade and fair competition environment.

On the basis of establishing its legal status and safeguarding its legitimate rights and interests, the government should further relax the restrictions on taxation, examination and approval and management systems, and create a more relaxed external environment for the development of labor-intensive enterprises.

At the same time, we can learn from the experience of developed countries and use employment incentives, labor cost subsidies, tax breaks and other policy tools to encourage labor-intensive enterprises to create more jobs. For example, within the scope of local tax relief, tax incentives can be provided to business owners who increase employment by more than a certain scale.