There are several embroidery methods.

The embroidery methods recorded in the data are as follows:

1, color embroidery

Generally refers to the embroidery process of controlling patterns with various colored embroidery threads, which has the characteristics of smooth embroidery surface, rich stitches, fine stitches and bright colors, and is widely used in clothing accessories. The color changes of color embroidery are also very rich.

It uses thread instead of pen, and produces gaudy color effects through the overlapping, juxtaposition and interlacing of various colored embroidery threads. In particular, it is the most distinctive way to express the subtle changes of pattern color by setting needles, which has the effect of rendering Chinese painting.

2. Embroidery wrapped around stems

The main feature is that the pattern is raised with thick thread or cotton as the bottom, and then embroidered with embroidery thread, generally using Ping Xiu stitch. Embroidery with peduncle is beautiful and generous, rich in three-dimensional sense and strong in decoration. It is also called high embroidery, and it is called convex embroidery in Suzhou embroidery. Pediceled embroidery is suitable for embroidered flowers with small patterns and narrow petals, such as chrysanthemums and plum blossoms, which are generally embroidered with monochromatic threads.

3. Sculpture and embroidery

Also known as floor embroidery, it is a kind of embroidery with certain difficulty and unique effect. Its biggest feature is that in the process of embroidery, holes are trimmed according to the needs of patterns, and various patterns are embroidered in different ways in the cut holes, so that there are both free and easy real flowers and beautiful empty flowers on the embroidery surface, which is in contrast with reality and full of interest. Embroidery is elegant and exquisite.

4, tapestry embroidery

Also known as patchwork embroidery, it is a form of embroidery in which other fabrics are cut and embroidered on clothes. China Suzhou embroidery also belongs to this category. The method of embroidery is to cut tapestry cloth according to the requirements of the pattern and stick it on the embroidery surface, or put cotton and other things between the tapestry cloth and the embroidery surface to make the pattern convex and stereoscopic. After pasting, use various stitches to lock the edges. Embroidery with tapestry is simple, the pattern is mainly blocky, and the style is chic and generous.

5. Nail thread embroidery

Also known as stem embroidery or thread-sticking embroidery, it is an embroidery method that embroiders various ribbons and threads on clothes or textiles according to certain patterns. There are two commonly used nail piercing methods: open nail and hidden nail. The former needle is exposed on the threaded rod, and the latter needle is hidden in the threaded rod. Nail thread embroidery method is simple, has a long history, and its decorative style is elegant and generous, which has been widely used in kimono in recent years. Pearl embroidery, also known as pearl embroidery, is made of hollow beads, pearl tubes, artificial gem, flash beads, etc. It is embroidered on clothes, producing a jewel-like dazzling effect. Generally, it is used for stage performance clothing to increase the aesthetic feeling and attraction of clothing, and also widely used in vamps, handbags, jewelry boxes and so on.

5. Cross stitch

Also known as cross peach blossom, it is a traditional embroidery method widely circulated among the people. Its stitch method is very simple, that is, according to the warp and weft direction of the cloth, the oblique cross needles with the same size are arranged into the design requirements. Because of its stitch characteristics, cross-stitch patterns are generally simple in shape and rigorous in structure, and often present a symmetrical layout pattern style. There are also realistic patterns, mostly natural flowers and plants. Cross stitch has a strong folk decoration style.

6. Ribbon embroidery

Also known as plain silk ribbon embroidery, it is directly embroidered on the fabric with ribbon as embroidery thread. Ribbon embroidery is a novel and unique form of kimono decoration, with soft luster, rich colors, eye-catching patterns and three-dimensional sense. Embroidery with drawnwork is a very distinctive kind of embroidery. The method of embroidery is to draw a certain number of warp and weft yarns from the fabric according to the designed pattern, and then weave the silk left on the fabric regularly, tie it up with embroidery thread, weave through holes and combine them into various patterns. Embroidery with drawnwork has a unique net effect, beautiful and exquisite, transparent and decorative. Because it is difficult to penetrate, embroidery patterns are mostly simple geometric lines and squares, which are exquisitely embellished in an embroidery.

7, poke yarn embroidery

Also known as Jinna, it is one of the traditional embroidery forms. It is embroidered in strict accordance with the number of squares on the plaid yarn base. Poke embroidery is not only beautiful, but also can make rich changes with the different arrangement of horizontal, vertical and diagonal lines, but the empty holes between patterns must be aligned.

8. Ping Xiu

Description of stitch: It is the basic stitch of embroidery. The starting needle must be embroidered on the edge of the pattern, parallel and tight filling embroidery should be carried out, and the stitches should be arranged neatly and evenly.

Application features: it is generally used to embroider small flowers, leaflets and other patterns. Not suitable for large patterns.

The earliest physical data: No.1 Han Tomb in Mawangdui, Changsha, Hunan Province in the Western Han Dynasty.

Because of the different stitch arrangement, the plain needle has various names, such as straight plain needle, horizontal plain needle and oblique plain needle.

Straight needle: the needle is transported in the vertical direction of the picture and text.

Horizontal plain needle: the needle is conveyed horizontally according to the picture and text.

Oblique flat needle: the needle is conveyed obliquely, and the inclination angle is generally 45.

9, fishbone embroidery

Description of stitch: Make short-distance straight embroidery at the tip, and the lines in the center part overlap slightly.

Application features: it is mostly used to embroider leaves to show its three-dimensional effect.

Open fishbone embroidery

Description of stitch: such as fishbone embroidery, but the stitch distance is loose.

Filled fishbone embroidery

Stitch instructions: Take the needle out from the tip, insert it into the middle, take the needle out from the contour line, pick the tip, and then embroider the cloth with the same width as the leaves, so as to exchange picks up and down, gradually move down and fill the core.

Application features: used to embroider three-dimensional leaves.

10, outline embroidery

Description of stitch: embroidery thread does not expose the eye of the needle, and the needles are connected together. The back needle starts from about one third of the front needle, and the eye of the needle is hidden under the front needle and naturally connected.

Application features: it is mostly used to express elastic lines, and the surface effect is like a rope. Symmetrical lines are often used to embroider plant branches, the edges of Ye Jin patterns and strong lines.

The earliest physical object: the earliest physical object using this stitch was the Southern Song Dynasty imitation embroidery "Crossing the Crane in Yaotai".

Winding embroidery method of outline embroidery

After embroidering into outline embroidery, thread another thread around the outline embroidery.

Full embroidery method of outline embroidery

Stitch description: the outline of the whole pattern is completely embroidered.

1 1, a stitch of embroidery

Description of stitch: a stitch that vertically fixes floating thread on embroidery surface with thin thread. Can be the outline of the pattern, but also can fill the pattern.

Application features: the embroidery thread used for stitching is thin, and the color matching can be used to increase the color change of decoration. The needle spacing is equal, which will look neat and beautiful.

The earliest physical data: Unearthed from Liao Tomb in Yemaotai. (Embroidery fragments of "Lingdi Flower and Bird Embroidery Bag" and "Lingdi Pattern" in Tang Dynasty)

12, circle gold/silver

Stitching instructions: only circle the outline of the pattern.

Application features: make the pattern appear neat and prominent, and also coordinate the adjacent contrast colors.

The earliest physical data: Unearthed from Liao Tomb in Yemaotai.

Panjin 13

Stitching instructions: The whole pattern is wrapped with gold thread.

Pendant nail embroidery

Stitching instructions: Do not tighten the embroidery thread to make it loose and loop.

Full nail

Description of stitch: namely, stalk-wrapped embroidery. The embroidery thread of the ring nail is tightly wound around the floating line and completely wrapped, thus having the effect of three-dimensional relief.

Nail needle

Stitch description: sewing one or several stitches horizontally in the middle of the long stitches embroidered with plain stitches, and the stitches are arranged in a straight line or fancy, which has the dual effects of pressing lines and adding decorative patterns.

The earliest physical object: the earliest physical object using this stitch was the Southern Song Dynasty imitation embroidery "Crossing the Crane in Yaotai".

14, Yamagata embroidery

Description of acupuncture: a continuous V-shaped needle net.

Application features: It can be used between two lines as contour boundary or filling pattern.

Zhongshan embroidery

Brief introduction of needling: change embroidery developed from mountain embroidery.

Application features: it can be used to arrange embroidery in rows or follow the curve of patterns.

15, grasping needle embroidery

Description of stitch: Embroider in layers with short straight needles according to the decorative shape. Embroidery threads with similar colors can be used to create a halo effect from shallow to deep.

Application features: The embroidery embroidered by this stitch method has strong decoration.

The earliest material object: the embroidery fragments of "Lingdi tattoo" in Tang Dynasty.

Frontal stitch: Embroidering from the outer edge of the pattern in layers, which is called "Frontal stitch".

Anti-snatching needle: Embroidered from the inside out, called "anti-snatching needle".

pine needle

Description of needling method: the needles are transported radially, the embroidery thread is arranged in a semi-fan or wheel shape, and the outer edge of the needles falls on a circle, but the needles are all in the same pinhole.

The earliest physical object: the earliest physical object using this stitch was the Southern Song Dynasty imitation embroidery "Crossing the Crane in Yaotai".

16, lock embroidery

Description of stitch: It is composed of embroidery thread, so it is named because the embroidery effect is like a chain. Embroidery patterns are decorative and stereoscopic.

The earliest materials: the single cursive lock embroidery imprint unearthed from Rujiazhuang tomb in Baoji, Shaanxi Province (BC 1027 ~ 249 BC) and the copper diamond lock embroidery residue unearthed from Yinxu female tomb in Anyang, Henan Province (BC 1300 ~ BC 1200 BC) are two examples of the earliest use of lock embroidery.

Various forms of change:

Closed lock embroidery

Stitching instructions: the looping needle is in the same pinhole.

Open lock rust

Acupuncture instructions: the ring sleeve has a big or small opening.

17, herringbone embroidery

Stitching instructions: Pick cloth from right to left, cross stitch with equal width from top to bottom, and move from left to right.

Application direction: it can be used to embroider lines with larger width or filled area, and can also be used to fix panels and hems.

Intensive herringbone embroidery

Description of stitch method: shorten the interval of herringbone embroidery, and stitch twice for each pinhole.

Rope herringbone embroidery

Stitching instructions: embroider the herringbone first, and then wrap it with other threads at the cross position.

Double-character embroidery

Stitching instructions: enlarge the herringbone embroidery, and then embroider it again with another thread at the same time, with staggered stitches. Also known as "shadow embroidery".

Flat-headed herringbone embroidery

Stitching instructions: After the embroidery is finished, fix it at the intersection with other threads, such as nails.