Detailed Information of Chinese Medicines

Drugs that are collected, concocted, and prepared under the guidance of traditional Chinese medicine theory, which explains the mechanism of action and guides clinical application, are collectively known as Chinese medicines. In short, Chinese medicines are substances used for the prevention, treatment and diagnosis of diseases, as well as for rehabilitation and health care under the guidance of traditional Chinese medicine theories. Chinese medicines are mainly derived from natural medicines and their processed products, including plant medicines, animal medicines, mineral medicines and some chemical and biological products. Because of the majority of Chinese medicine to plant drugs, so there is "all drugs to grass-based" said.

Basic introduction Chinese name ：Chinese materia medica English name ：Chinese materia medica Classification ：Terms of Traditional Chinese Medicine Concepts, origin of Chinese medicines and local herbs, collection of Chinese medicines, preparation of Chinese medicines, theory of medicinal properties, compounding of Chinese medicines, Chinese medicines contraindications, dosage and use of Chinese medicines, naming of Chinese medicines, Concepts of traditional Chinese medicine theory guides the collection, processing, preparation, explains the mechanism of action, and guides the clinical set of drugs. The concept of Chinese traditional medicine theory to guide the collection, concoction, preparation, description of the mechanism of action, guide the clinical application of the drug. The origin of Chinese medicines and local herbs The distribution and production of natural herbs cannot be separated from certain natural conditions. The distribution and production of natural medicinal herbs cannot be separated from certain natural conditions. The production of various medicinal herbs, regardless of varieties, output and quality, has certain regional characteristics. Therefore, since ancient times, medical doctors attach great importance to the Taoist herbs. The so-called authentic medicinal herbs, also known as authentic medicinal herbs, is a high-quality pure medicinal herbs of the special term, which refers to the long history, suitable origin, excellent varieties, production of macro-abundance, concocted carefully, outstanding therapeutic effects, with regional characteristics of the medicinal herbs. For example, Gansu's angelica, Ningxia's wolfberry, Qinghai's rhubarb, Inner Mongolia's astragalus, Northeastern's ginseng, xinshen, schizandra, Shanxi's ginseng, Henan's dihuang, hyssop, yam, chrysanthemum, etc. Collection of Chinese medicine The Chinese medicine's harvesting season and method have a close correlation with the ensuring of the drug's quality. Because plants and animals contain different effective and harmful ingredients in their medicinal parts at different times of their growth and development, the efficacy and toxicity of medicines are often quite different, so the harvesting of medicinal herbs must be done at the right time of year. Concoctions of Chinese medicines The process of processing medicines according to the needs of medical treatment, modulation and preparation before applying them or making them into various dosage forms. Commonly used methods of concocting include repair, water system, fire system, water and fire **** system, etc. The purpose of concocting is to purify the medicine. The purpose of the concoction is to purify the herbs, to ensure quality, sorting drugs, distinguish between levels; cut tablets, easy to adjust the preparation; drying herbs, storage; taste, odor, easy to take; reduce toxicity and side effects, to ensure the safety of medication; enhance the function of the drug, to improve the clinical efficacy; to change the performance of the drug, to expand the scope of the set of use. The introduction of drugs into the meridian, to facilitate the directional use of drugs. Theory of medicinal properties The reason why drugs can be used to treat diseases is that each kind of drug itself has a number of properties and functions, which is called the bias of drugs by the former, and the properties and performances related to the therapeutic effects of drugs are collectively known as medicinal properties, which include the material basis of the therapeutic effects of the drugs and the effects embodied in the therapeutic process. It is a high degree of generalization of the nature and function of drugs. The study of the mechanism of the formation of medicinal properties and the use of the law of the theory is called the theory of medicinal properties, the basic content of which includes the four qi and five flavors, elevation, floating and sinking, attributed to the meridian, toxicity, non-toxicity, compounding, contraindications, and so on. 1, four gas cold, hot, warm and cool four different medicinal properties, called the four sex. It reflects the tendency of the drug on the body of yin and yang, hot and cold changes in the role of tendency, is one of the main theoretical basis for the role of drugs. It is summarized by the different reactions produced by the drugs in the human body and the different therapeutic effects obtained, it is relative to the nature of the disease treated. 2, the five flavors of the five flavors refers to the drug has a sour, bitter, sweet, pungent, salty five different flavors, and thus has a different therapeutic effect. The five flavors, first of all, through the mouth taste, that is, with the human sensory organs to identify, it is a reflection of the true flavor of the drug. But it is not just a true reflection of the flavor of the drug, but more importantly, a high degree of generalization of the role of drugs. 3, lifting and sinking, lifting and sinking is the role of drugs on the human body of different tendencies. With the tendency of the disease manifested in relative terms. Factors affecting the lifting and floating and sinking of the drug is mainly related to the four qi and five flavors, the texture of the drug has a close relationship with the weight, and by the concoction and compounding of the impact. 4, to the meridian to the meridian is the drug for a part of the body's selective role, that is, a drug on some organs and meridians have a special affinity for these parts of the lesions of the main or special therapeutic effect, the drug to the meridian is different, and its therapeutic effect is also different. The attribution of drugs to the meridian specifies the scope of application of the drug treatment, that is to say, where the effect of the drug, including the concept of qualitative positioning of the drug. It is inseparable from the body factors, namely, the physiological characteristics of organs and meridians, the accumulation of clinical experience, the continuous development and improvement of the system of Chinese medicine theory and the characteristics of the drug itself. 5, toxicity Ancient often regarded poison as a general term for all drugs, drug toxicity has a broader meaning, toxicity is the drug's bias, and that toxicity is the drug side effects of the size of the sign. Modern generally believe that toxicity refers to the adverse effects of drugs on the organism and damaging. Including acute toxicity, subacute toxicity, sub-chronic toxicity, chronic toxicity and special toxicity such as carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, addictive and so on. Side effects of herbal medicines are different from toxic effects. Side effects are uncomfortable reactions not related to therapeutic needs that occur at commonly used doses, which are generally mild, not harmful to the body, and can disappear on their own after stopping the medicine. According to the different needs of the disease and the different characteristics of the drugs, selectively combining two or more drugs together is called compounding. The combination of two or more medicines can play a synergistic role and improve the efficacy of the drug, which is a commonly used clinical method; the combination of fear and killing can reduce or eliminate the side effects to ensure the safety of the drug, which is a method of using the strong side effects of the drug, and can also be used in the preparation of poisonous traditional Chinese medicines and the rescue of poisoning. The reason is that the antagonistic effect of drugs, offset or weaken the efficacy of one of the drugs; the opposite is the interaction of drugs, which can produce toxic reactions or strong side effects, so the opposite, the opposite is the contraindication to the use of medicines in pairs. Contraindications to the use of Chinese medicine mainly include four aspects: contraindications to compounding, contraindications to symptoms, contraindications to pregnancy and contraindications to the diet of taking medicine. 1, with the contraindication, refers to some drugs will produce intense toxic side effects or reduce and destroy the efficacy of the drug, and therefore should be avoided with the set of use. 2, the evidence of contraindication, due to the different properties of drugs, their role has its own specialties and a certain range of adaptability, therefore, the clinical use of drugs also have some contraindications, known as "evidence of contraindications". Such as ephedra flavor pungent and warm, function of sweating, dispel wind-cold, and can promote lung asthma diuretic, it is only suitable for exogenous wind-cold surface sweating or lung gas does not promote wheezing and coughing, and on the surface of the deficiency of self-sweating and yin deficiency sweating, lung and kidney deficiency is prohibited to use. 3, pregnancy drug contraindication, refers to the contraindication of women's treatment during pregnancy. Certain drugs have the side effect of damaging the fetus to the point of abortion, so they should be used as contraindicated drugs in pregnancy. According to the different degree of damage to the fetal element of drugs, generally can be divided into two categories of caution and prohibited. Where prohibited drugs absolutely can not be used, cautious use of drugs can be used according to the needs of the disease discretion. 4, medication dietary contraindications, refers to the medication period of certain food taboos, also referred to as food taboos, that is, usually referred to as taboo. Generally should avoid eating cold, greasy, fishy, *** sexual food. In addition, according to the different conditions, dietary taboos are also different. The dosage and usage of Chinese medicine 1, Chinese medicine dose Chinese medicine dose refers to the portion of the clinical set of use. It mainly specifies the adult daily amount of each medicine. The vast majority of Chinese medicines come from the raw medicine, the safe dose range is large, the dosage is not as strict as the chemical drugs, but the dosage is appropriate or not, but also directly affect the play of the efficacy of the medicine, the clinical effect of one of the important factors. Too small a dose of medicine, can not play a therapeutic role and delay the disease; too large a dose of medicine, killing and injuring the vital energy, can also cause adverse consequences, or cause unnecessary waste. 2, the use of mainly refers to the decoction of the soup and different dosage forms of taking methods. (1) Decoction of soup is one of the most commonly used dosage forms of traditional Chinese medicine. The production of soup has certain requirements on decoction utensils, water, fire and cooking method. Decoction utensils to casserole, tile pot is good, enamel pot is second, avoid using copper and iron pot, so as to avoid chemical changes, affecting the efficacy. The decoction fire has the difference between the civil fire and the military fire. Decoction of the fire and time, according to the potential properties. Certain drugs due to its different texture, decoction method is more special, the prescription is indicated, there are first decoction, after the next, package decoction, another decoction, dissolve, soak, punch, decoction instead of water and other different decoction method. (2) Serving method Serving time Soup is generally 1 dose per day, decocted 2 times to be served, and the interval between the two times is about 4?6 hours. Method of taking medicine Soup is generally suitable to be taken warmly. Pills of smaller particles, can be directly served with warm water; large honey pills, can be divided into small particles to swallow; if the water pill hard, can be dissolved in boiling water and then served. Dispersions, powders can be mixed with honey and served, or filled with capsules to swallow, to avoid direct swallowing and *** throat. Ointment should be taken with boiled water, avoid directly pouring into the mouth and swallowing, so as not to stick to the throat and cause vomiting. The syrup can be swallowed directly. In addition, there is also the method of administering drugs through the nose. The naming of Chinese medicine 1, because of the outstanding efficacy of the drug and named such as motherwort function excels in blood regulating menstruation, the main treatment for women's blood stagnation and menstrual closure, dysmenorrhea, irregular menstruation, post-partum stasis obstruction of abdominal pain, etc., for the gynecology and childbirth to be medicine; Fangfeng function of wind, wind, wind, wind, wind evil, the main treatment of wind disease. 2, because of the medicinal parts and named Chinese herbal medicine from a wide range of sources, including plants, animals, minerals and so on. The medicinal parts of plants and animals are different, and the naming of medicinal parts is one of the commonly used naming methods in traditional Chinese medicine. Among the plant medicines, rehmannia root and maogan root are used as medicines; neem root bark and mulberry root white bark are used as medicines; mulberry leaves, big green leaves and su leaves are used as medicines. 3, named for the place of origin The territory of our country is vast, the natural geography is very complex, the ecological environment such as water and soil, climate, sunshine, biological distribution, etc. is not exactly the same everywhere, and even the north and the south are very different, and there is a big difference. As a result, the production of various medicinal herbs, both in terms of quantity and quality, has a certain regional nature, so since ancient times, medical scientists have attached great importance to the "local medicinal herbs". Such as Huanglian, Huangbai, Xuijian, etc. to the Sichuan production of the best, so called Sichuan Huanglian, Sichuan Huangbai, Sichuan broken; orange peel to the Guangdong Xinhui production of the best, so called Xinhui Pi, Canton Chen Pi; Poria to the Yunnan production of the best, so the name of the cloud Ling; 4, because of the morphology and the naming of Chinese medicine in the shape of the original plant and the shape of the raw medicine, often has its own special place, can give people a deep impression, so people often to their morphological characteristics and named. For example, the skin of the abdomen, that is, in the shape of the abdomen and named; aconite, because of its tuberous roots in the shape of the head of the crow and named; ginseng is shaped like a man, the work of the heaven and earth. 5, named because of the smell of certain Chinese medicines have a special odor, thus becoming the basis for the naming of drugs. Such as musk, due to the aroma of far-flung and named; cloves, fennel, benzoin, sandalwood and other spices, because of the special aroma, so the word "incense" named; and septoria, stinking sycamore, tomb head back, etc., because of a special odor and named; fishy grass, with its strong fishy odor and named. 6, named for the taste of each traditional Chinese medicine has a certain flavor, some drugs are named for their unique taste. Such as schizandra, because the skin and flesh sweet and sour, hard core, the whole fruit are salty, five flavors of the whole and named; licorice to taste sweet and named; fine pungent to taste pungent and named; bitter ginseng to taste bitter and named; sour jujube nut to taste sour and named. 7, named because of the color of many Chinese medicines have a variety of natural colors, so the color of the drug has become the basis for naming. For example, the yellow color of the Chinese medicine is scutellaria, Huang Huanglian, Huangbai, Huangqi, rhubarb, etc.; black color of the Chinese medicine is WuXuanShen, black clown, ink drought lotus, etc.; white color of the Chinese medicine is dahuric dahurica, bai guo, alum, green onion, Allium sativum and so on. 8, due to the name of the importing country or transliteration and naming Some imported herbs are named after the name of the importing country or region. Such as benzoin, Suha Xiang is to the ancient country of benzoin, Suha country's name to name. Some in the name of the drug with "tomato", "Hu", "West" and other words, to show that the original is not a domestic drug, such as senna, senna, pepper, hu ma ren, saffron, Western ginseng, etc. Some foreign medicines, because there is no appropriate name for the drug, it is the translation of the name, such as the Holliday, Mandrake and so on. 9, named because of the growing season, such as half-summer in the summer half (May lunar calendar) harvest, so the name of half-summer; Xia Gu Cao, summer without, etc. are growing to the summer solstice after the withering, so the crown to summer. 10, the word named because of the name of some Chinese medicine with the name of the legend, these drugs are mostly to the discoverer or the initial use of the name to do the name of the drug. Such as the gentleman, according to legend, is the Panzhou Guo make gentleman treatment of pediatrics commonly used drugs; Liu Yunu is the Southern Song Dynasty, Emperor Liu Yu's nickname, legend has it that this medicine is discovered by Liu Yu; DUZHONG a medicine, according to legend, is an ancient man called DUZHONG, because of the service of this medicine and the Tao, the descendants were named DUZHONG and named.