What are the main forms of international credit?

In this era of globalization, international trade is booming, and international credit has increasingly become an important tool for national settlement, mainly in the following forms: (1) export credit.

Export credit refers to the credit guarantee provided by the bank of the exporting country to the domestic exporter, or the loan directly provided to the foreign importer or its bank.

Export credit is generally combined with export trade, which is a loan provided by the government of the exporting country in the form of credit guarantee and government subsidy to strengthen export competitiveness and support export trade.

(2) government loans.

Government loan refers to a loan provided by one government to another government with financial funds. Generally speaking, it is a long-term preferential loan provided by developed countries to developing countries. It has friendly aid, low interest rate and long-term nature, and is usually used in combination with export credit.

(3) International commercial bank credit.

International commercial bank credit is a form of international credit mainly provided by international commercial banks. The main body of credit can be a commercial bank, or a syndicate led by one or several large banks and jointly provided loans to foreign borrowers.

(4) loans from international financial institutions.

This is a form of international credit, and international financial institutions provide loans to their member countries.

This kind of loan has a long term and favorable conditions, but the loan items and uses are generally determined by international financial institutions in advance, and the loan application conditions are also relatively strict.

International financial institutions in the world mainly include the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and its subsidiaries (International Finance Corporation and International Development Association), as well as the Asian Development Bank and the African Development Bank.

(5) International commercial credit.

International commercial credit refers to the credit provided by enterprises in different countries.

It usually occurs in commercial activities between countries, and imports or exports goods by virtue of credit. The main forms are international leasing, compensation trade, deferred payment and so on.