How can we effectively control the population growth in this country? Seek an answer

China is the most populous country in the world, and the world population problem is particularly prominent in China. We can almost think that if China's population problem is solved, more than half of the world's population problem will be solved. For a long time, China government has adopted a series of powerful policies and measures to solve the population problem. The basic policy is to control population growth and improve population quality, and the most important measure is to implement family planning. These measures have indeed played a significant role in the long-term social practice, controlled the excessive population growth to a certain extent (although the land policies in some places were inevitably radical at one time), effectively promoted the further development of the national economy and various social undertakings, enhanced the quality of the population, improved people's ideological level, and made the construction of "two civilizations" a big step forward. These have been widely recognized by relevant international and domestic organizations and people, and highly appreciated by relevant United Nations agencies, which is enough to explain the development of the times and social progress from one side.

On the other hand, China's reform and opening up, especially the transformation of government functions, the renewal of mechanism, the reform of system and the wave of market economy, have produced a large-scale and social shock to the whole society, especially to the vast rural areas and many small and medium-sized enterprises and self-employed. At the same time, it has also had a profound positive impact, and one of the direct consequences of the negative impact is that it has brought many difficulties to China's population and family planning work. Through field investigation and study, we have a deeper understanding of the relevant situation of population and family planning. As far as I know, some parents who only have one girl try their best to steal the second child. Those who have long-term holidays due to the suspension of production by the unit, those who are at home with their bills, those who leave their jobs without pay, those who are on sick leave, those who have quarreled with the leaders of the unit, those who are laid off and unemployed, vendors from other places, migrant workers, etc. These people try their best to have a second or even a third child. Most of these people have a girl and want another boy, while only a few people with boys want another girl. They think that although there are no girls, the daughter-in-law will marry in the future, and raising a girl is only an obligation to others. The situation in rural areas is even worse, and it is not uncommon to have a third child. The idea of these people is simple: they won't stop until they have a boy.

Why do we have to have boys? In addition to the physiological differences between men and women, the most fundamental reason is that these people think that boys are "roots" and girls are "fruits", and "fruits" must be picked after all. Where is the root? "Root" is the "root" of male exclusive inheritance right without legal basis. In China, unwritten customs can sometimes restrain people's thoughts and behaviors more effectively than formally promulgated laws. China's outdated feudal thoughts for thousands of years, outdated concepts of population and marriage, outdated descendants' continuation of tradition, and outdated feudal ethical barriers of "no future is big" are the ultimate social, ideological and moral roots of China's population growth. The slow development of productive forces, relatively backward social economy, and monotonous and poor people's spiritual and cultural life are its economic roots. The scientific and technological level of population and family planning is relatively low, and various contraceptive measures can't keep up with the development of the times, which is the technical root. It is generally believed that as long as science and technology develop, people's material life is enriched, their spiritual life is enriched, and their ideological level is improved, there will naturally be no more children, but when will the above conditions be realized? The reality is that we have so many people, and so many people have become a heavy burden for social and economic development. This huge base makes us almost breathless, making those conditions even more distant. The population problem is indeed very complicated, and the advance and retreat in material and spiritual life are largely out of proportion, while simple ideological understanding is tantamount to passive water and trees without roots, which can not play a substantive role. We have to admit that the negative consequences of people's ideology and social environment factors sometimes restrict the development of social productive forces and the progress of spiritual civilization, such as population problems.

In a fixed historical environment, the development of science and technology and the improvement of people's material living standards cannot be equated with solving the population problem. Now, China's science and technology and people's material living standards have reached a certain level, or the highest level in the history of China. However, the population of China has been growing at an alarming rate for a long time. The population of China would have reached1500 million or 2 billion long ago if the state had not taken a series of forceful measures and local governments had taken some tough or even radical measures. From this point of view, population control in China is not only long-term, but also strategic. It is difficult to fundamentally solve the population problem in China by unilaterally raising people's ideological level or taking some external measures. The situation in China is different from that in the West. China has its special history and social conditions, including building socialism, and it must also build socialism with China characteristics. Obviously, to solve the population problem in China, we must also use a solution with China characteristics. I firmly believe that this solution with China characteristics will provide reference for many countries and regions in the world to solve the population problem, and will have a wide and far-reaching positive impact. So, what is this method?

In our view, the family is the most basic unit of the country and society, and the composition of the family depends on marriage. The combination of marriage is childbirth, and the result of childbirth is a girl or a boy. In China, the population can't be effectively controlled. The question is whether to have a boy or a girl. We continue to analyze, the average family wants to have at least one man and one woman and two children, perhaps because there is only one man and one woman. There are men and women, there will be children with them (by the way, Chinese characters usually use "them" when referring to more than two men and "them" when referring to more than two women, but they are still called "them" when referring to more than two men and women. I think this is unfair. We should create another one besides "them" and "them". In fact, to put it bluntly, selfishness is born to everyone. For example, when a person is a baby, he will not let other babies eat his mother's milk; A little older, I know what my own things are, and I don't want other children to take them, but I always want to take other people's things for myself; Most people are more selfish when they grow up. On the other hand, if there is no selfishness in human society, the marriage problem will be difficult from the beginning. Can we imagine that a society composed of group marriages has developed to this day? Animals are still like this, let alone people? Yours is mine and mine is yours; The collective is an individual, and the individual is also a collective. This seems to be a halo, but in fact it is out of reach and is usually called incredible. Maybe someone will mention primitive society. Please think about it. Can that primitive social model exist in our time? Can the development trend of human society return to the primitive state? The reason why the primitive society disintegrated was because there were selfish roots in it. Of course, this is only one of the reasons. In a sense, we can even say that there is no selfish country and the country itself is the product of selfishness. The reason why the world population has become a problem is basically selfish. From the current and a long historical period in the future, selfishness is not easy to be eliminated. Then, the problems caused by selfishness are best solved by selfish means. As the saying goes, it takes a person who tied the bell to solve the problem.

At present, the biggest obstacle and difficulty of population control in China lies in the countryside. More than 80% of the population in China lives in rural areas, and the vast majority of people in cities also come from rural areas. Although there are differences between cities and rural areas, the roots of rural areas and cities are the same on the issue of population control. We have a history of * * *, the same ancestor, in the same social environment, influenced by the ideology, social outlook, outlook on life, values and concepts of marriage and family left over from the same history, and the old traditional customs still affect many aspects of modern and contemporary people's thoughts and social life to a certain extent. No one in China should avoid this reality. The problem of population control in rural areas has been solved, and so has the problem of population control in China. Nevertheless, on the issue of population control, rural areas and cities should unite and do both. To some extent, urban population control is relatively easy to solve, and the leading role of cities in population control can not be ignored. The influence of cities on rural areas is enormous, and people's yearning for various advantages cannot be affected by vague and pale propaganda.

As mentioned earlier, the reason why China's population has not been effectively controlled for a long time lies in the old feudal ideas and marriage views inherited from our ancient civilization for thousands of years. The way to carry on the family line is to take the father's surname. It is unfair and unreasonable to artificially think that only boys have the surname to continue the inheritance right, and boys and girls can only take the father's surname. Although this situation has a history of thousands of years in China, whether it is fair or not can not be measured and based on the length of time, just as it cannot be taken for granted that many people have had the bad habit of spitting and littering for many years. Even from the most basic physiological point of view, having children is one thing for both parents, and both are indispensable. In the child, there are both the mother's flesh and blood and the father's bone and blood, and because the baby is born directly from the mother, it depends on the mother's milk to survive and grow until it can eat food other than milk. From this irrefutable fact, we can think that the proportion of mother's ingredients in a baby is much higher than that of father. Moreover, after weaning, our ancestors entered the patriarchal society after the matrilineal clan society, because the dominant position of men in labor production, hunting and breeding and social activities became more and more obvious, and their practical role became more and more important, eventually replacing women. Probably from then on, children began to take their father's surname, which is another manifestation of the law of strength and weakness in nature and the law of survival of the fittest in human society. In ancient China, the idea of son preference was deeply rooted, especially in the feudal ruling class, which didn't treat women as human beings, so women were labeled as "bitches", "dross" and "playing with tiles". At that time, women generally stayed at home and did some housework. Most families depend on men for their main source of livelihood. On the surface, it seems that it is understandable that a man adopts a daughter and gives birth to a child, and the child takes his father's surname (in fact, everyone who got married and gave birth to a child knows that even in ancient times, the mother had to pay at least half of the labor in raising the child, which is the same as the reason that the piled bricks are not houses), and in such a historical era and social environment, however, the situation has changed since modern times; Modern is a transitional period. From modern times to contemporary times, the situation is not the same. With the development of human society, men and women are completely equal in politics, economy, social life and social status, and men and women receive equal pay for equal work. At present, the cost of family, family life and raising children mainly comes from the economic income of both parents. There is not much difference between men and women in the economic income of a family (some families have more men than women, while others have more women than men, which is mainly related to occupation), that is to say, the status and rights of men and women in the family should be equal. Then, looking back, in a baby, the proportion of mother's composition is much higher than that of father's composition, and the amount paid by mother and father in raising children is basically the same. What should be after the equal sign? It should be that under the same conditions, mothers have more and greater rights to their children than fathers! The first scheme advocates that men go to the woman's house, and children can also take their mother's surname.

Advocate men to go to women's homes, and children can also take their mother's surname, so as to narrow the gap between men and women and realize equality of rights between men and women. Since the ancient matriarchal clan society was transformed into paternal clan society, men have always occupied a dominant position in the family, while women have become subordinate. One of the most obvious signs is that men not only mainly support their families, but also have the right to carry on the family line, which is the result of natural selection. However, natural selection is blind, such as weeds and crops growing together; Some places are flooded with rain, and some places are dry without rain; Some animals and plants are endangered, and some animals and plants overproduce; Nature gave birds a pair of wings to fly freely in the sky, but did not give people a pair of wings, and so on. But human beings can change this kind of natural selection which is not conducive to human and social development. People remove weeds and let crops grow sturdily; Dredge rivers, improve water diversion, and make floods flow into the sea or dry land; Take various measures to protect endangered animals and plants and curb excessive reproduction of animals and plants; Rockets, airplanes, spaceships and space shuttles have been made, which enables people to fly farther and higher than winged birds. What do these examples show? It shows that it is necessary and capable for human beings to change all blind and unreasonable choices in the world, including nature and, of course, human beings themselves. In that case, why do you have to think that women go to men's homes and men can't go to women's homes? In fact, this is also a kind of self-restriction and self-restraint. As long as it doesn't violate the law, people might as well try anything. All attempts are the beginning of success. A series of feats of reform and opening up are good examples.

In our country, such a henpecked phenomenon as lion roar is simply too common. The reason is that men woo women, marry women and live at home together, and women give birth to children for men (many people think so now). More decisively, in terms of sexual life, men need women's regular satisfaction. For men, they owe women a lot of "debts". As people often say, eating others' mouths is soft, taking others' hands short, and wanting others' things, the back is always straight. When borrowing money, you need help; When doing things, you need help; When you are in love, you need to chase and ask; You can't go to Dont Ask For Help when you ask others to pay back the money ... There are too many places for help here. In this way, it is impossible for a man in debt not to be afraid of a woman who is a creditor. Because of fear, you must run in front of everything. What women don't like to do, men must do it early and do more. Because of fear, no matter big or small, we must obey at home and abroad; Because of fear, you have to sacrifice yourself to satisfy each other (of course, if you are a good wife and mother, the situation will be very different, but at present, the number of good wives is far from enough), and so on. This phenomenon, which has existed since ancient times and continues to flourish in modern times, has really ruined many men who have great hopes for career success. In some aspects, we might as well take the relevant situation in China as a reference. In other words, if women can fully support men's career development at home and liberate men from tedious housework, I dare say that the development of Japanese society will not be like this. Of course, we can't rule out the obstacles and influences of other human and natural factors on social development. Therefore, if a man goes to a woman's house, at least the degree of the above situation will be weakened, and women will in turn feel that they are "debtors", which provides a lot of time and convenience for enterprising men. As far as I know, at least in the city, although the number of people who go to the woman's house for various reasons is small, most of them are borne by the woman (including her parents). This is still the case where the man goes to the woman's house, but the surface situation is that after the man gets married first, it takes a while for the man to live in the woman's house, and the children still follow the man. If the woman marries her husband directly and the children take their mother's surname, it is conceivable that the status of men in the family is no less than that of emperors. Get rid of a lot of tedious housework, a lot of time and relaxed conditions, which is very conducive to those enterprising men to produce results in a short time.

You know, behind the winners, there are countless people who give up halfway, and at least half of them fail because they hinder the tedious and busy housework. This cannot but be regarded as a painful lesson!

At present, China's family planning work has made great achievements in a certain scope and to a certain extent, followed by the one-child problem. This problem is not obvious in recent years, because it has not directly affected the family life itself and the vital interests of some people. In another twenty or thirty years, the problem of the only child will naturally surface. Those families who gave birth to boys are more complacent, thinking that they have "root seedlings", can carry on the family line, are worthy of their ancestors, will certainly be able to marry a daughter-in-law, can spend their old age safely and enjoy family happiness. But for those families who only gave birth to a girl, they think they are "dead", not to mention that in the future, when their daughter grows up and marries away, the spiritual sustenance of the old couple together will be few, and some people will no longer have hobbies, and their spiritual life will inevitably be empty and unbalanced. However, if people, especially the parents who gave birth to only one girl, can accept this plan, that is, after accepting the surname given by a boy to a girl, parents of both boys and girls can have a psychological balance, and both sides will think that their families may be as they wish in the future-not necessarily who marries who and where to go! Or the newlyweds live alone, and the children take their surnames, which is unknown (it is not impossible to introduce competition mechanism into the family), so that everyone can get the satisfaction they imagined. This actually dispels the unbalanced psychology of parents with only one girl in future life, family and other aspects, and thinks that giving birth to a boy and a girl are likely to be the same, even because girls are better than boys in some aspects.

Another advantage of advocating that men go to women's homes and children can take their mother's surname is that it is conducive to dealing with the widespread relationship between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law in the whole society. The relationship between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law has always been a very important but difficult problem in family life. When the relationship between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law is well handled, more than half of the family problems will be solved. As far as I know, many families who live with their parents after marriage and then separate from their parents because of various contradictions are mostly caused by the relationship between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law, that is, the contradiction between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law, and those families composed of men and women are rarely similar. In those families separated from their parents after marriage, the relationship between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law is relatively good, and the farther away from their parents, the better they get along with each other. I think what we usually call "distant relatives" may refer to a situation like this. In my opinion, it is one of the more effective ways to deal with the relationship between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law to advocate that men go to the woman's house and children can take their mother's surname. In this way, the woman's natural psychology in marriage is satisfied, while men are always generous. Women who are psychologically satisfied are not only willing to do more housework in their parents' homes, but also willing to spend more time doing more housework in their in-laws' homes, thus ending the worries of men from various angles and creating more favorable conditions for men to achieve their careers. Of course, men will also help take care of their parents and families in their spare time and when necessary.

There is one more question that we have to explain. Encourage men to go to the woman's house, and children can also take their mother's surname. Some people can't help asking, what would happen to the man's parents if it wasn't just the old couple? This is a very realistic question, but it is not difficult to answer. For the one-child family, no matter whether the man or the woman get married, they can only help one family (male to female, or female to male) or both families can't help (the child lives alone after marriage). As mentioned above, the man's family is naturally willing to work for the in-laws to achieve psychological balance because the woman gets some psychological satisfaction after marriage. It is conceivable that married men, because they are different from their parents in the past, should report wholeheartedly, visit their parents often and be filial to them. Apart from life, the man's parents are mainly dissatisfied with a psychological tendency. Here, public opinion propaganda is very important. In the face of a powerful public opinion offensive, if everyone is like this, everyone will be like this, and no one will say anything, just as no one will say anything when a woman goes to a man's house now. This is just like under the rule of the Qing Dynasty, everyone wore pigtails, and no one thought it was bad to wear pigtails, but there was nothing wrong with not wearing pigtails. Now men and most women don't wear braids, and no one thinks it's the same reason not to wear braids. In fact, from a fair point of view, there is nothing wrong with a man going to a woman's house. We can calculate (based on the parents who gave birth to children) that the parents who gave birth to boys spent the twenty-five years before their children got married satisfactorily; Twenty-five years after their children got married, the parents who gave birth to a girl were satisfied, because their daughter married someone else's man at home, and in the twenty-five years before giving birth, both parents were about seventy-five. At this time, their ideological balance should be as follows: the man's parents think that we have given birth to a boy in this life; The woman's parents think that our daughter married someone else's man at home. By this time, he (she) has probably met his great-grandson or great-grandson, and everyone is very happy together, and they can spend their old age comfortably. They are very happy and happy. What's not satisfactory? The so-called dissatisfaction is just a manifestation of people's narrow ideology. But more importantly, through this move, children can also take their mother's surname, which has eradicated the patriarchal thinking left over for thousands of years, and made people truly realize from the bottom of their hearts that boys and girls are all the same, and the benefits of having boys and girls are all satisfactory.