What are the political systems in China's history?

1. From abdication to hereditary system of the throne: (1) abdication refers to the system of democratic election of leaders by tribal alliances at the end of primitive society in China. (2) The hereditary system of the throne means that in a class society, the throne (or throne) can be passed down from generation to generation. 2. The central administrative system of Xia and Shang Dynasties: the formation of hereditary system of the throne: the establishment of Xiang, Qing and history. 3. The patriarchal clan system in the Western Zhou Dynasty: (1) The patriarchal clan system in the Western Zhou Dynasty was a political system that was mutually exclusive to the feudal system. It evolved directly from the patriarchal clan system in primitive society, and has the method of defining the internal clan system to determine and consolidate the position of paternal parents in this clan, thus ensuring the stability of kingship. 4. Supreme imperial power and central official system in Qin Dynasty: (1) Establish the highest imperial power: ① Establish: From the Qin Dynasty, the emperor became the title of the supreme ruler in ancient China, which was used by feudal dynasties. The national military and political power belongs to the emperor, and the main officials of the central and local governments are also appointed and removed by the emperor. Certificates for mobilizing troops were controlled and issued by the emperor. (2) Establish a relatively complete central official system: (1) Functions: In the central organization established by Qin Shihuang, the prime minister assisted the emperor in handling state political affairs, and the imperial adviser was also in charge of supervision affairs, while Qiu was in charge of state military affairs. Under the prime minister, there are ministers who are in charge of the specific affairs of the country and are the functional departments of the central government. ② Evaluation: The main official positions in the Qin Central Committee cooperated and contained each other in status, responsibility and rights, and the military and political power was controlled by the emperor. But for military and political decision-making, it is generally the prime minister, the suggestion and Zhu Qingxian who discuss it and finally the emperor makes a ruling. To some extent, this has reduced the decision-making mistakes on major issues under the autocratic monarchy. 5. Evolution from Han Dynasty to Yuan Dynasty: (1) Han Dynasty: At the beginning of Han Dynasty, the prime minister held a high position in decision-making, judicial and administrative power. In order to strengthen the imperial power, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty reused his aides and made them ministers. And participate in military affairs to weaken relative power. (2) Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties: Shangshu Province was the first province with real power, followed by Zhongshu Province and Menxia Province, gradually forming a three-province system. (3) Sui and Tang Dynasties: Chinese books, gate valves and ministers in the three central provinces of the Tang Dynasty were responsible for decision-making, deliberation and implementation. (4) Northern Song Dynasty: Measures: Zhongshumen is the highest administrative organ, and the chief executive exercises the functions and powers of prime minister. Add advisers, Tang envoys and third secretaries to divide the executive power, military power and financial power of the prime minister. (5) Yuan Dynasty: Zhongshu Province was the highest administrative body, and the Chief Executive exercised the functions and powers of prime minister. Relative rights have been strengthened. 6. Strengthen the absolute monarchy in Ming and Qing Dynasties: (1) Abolish the prime minister system.