The meaning of national finance

Finance has always been the national finance. Judging from the development history of human society, finance is accompanied by the emergence of the country, and financial activities are an economic phenomenon with a long history. In different historical stages, according to the different functions and nature of finance, people call "finance" "national finance" and "public finance" and so on. The word "finance" has two meanings: 1. In a practical sense, finance refers to an economic sector of the country (or government), that is, the financial sector, which is a comprehensive management department that the country (or government) raises and supplies funds through its revenue and expenditure activities to ensure the realization of the functions of the country (or government). It belongs to the category of administrative management. 2. From the perspective of economics, finance is an economic category. As an economic category, it refers to an economic behavior with the country as the main body. It is a revenue and expenditure activity that the government concentrates a part of national income to meet the public demand, so as to achieve the goal of optimizing resource allocation, fair distribution and stable economic development. It embodies a special distribution relationship.

National finance: refers to the activities that the state participates in the distribution of national income by virtue of the power of political power to maintain its existence and realize its social management function. It is not only the social centralized distribution of social products by the state (government) to meet the social public demand, but also a macro social public management activity. National tax revenue is the main source and income form of national finance.

Throughout the ancient books preserved in China for thousands of years, we can see that words such as "national use", "national plan", "expenditure" and "financial management" are all records of today's "finance", that is, the government's financial management methods, as well as words related to today's financial management departments such as "internal history of treating millet", "big agricultural order" and "big agricultural order". Although the word "finance" is used in China now, it has only appeared in Chinese vocabulary for a hundred years. According to textual research, in the 24th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty, namely 1898, there was a provision of "reforming finance and implementing the national budget" in the imperial edict of the Reform Movement of 1898, which was the first time that the word "finance" was used in government documents. The use of the word "finance" was indirectly "introduced" from Japan under the guidance of introducing western cultural ideas at that time, while Japan came from the English word "public finance". During the Revolution of 1911, Dr. Sun Yat-sen repeatedly used the word "finance" to emphasize financial reform. When the government of the Republic of China was founded, the institution in charge of state revenue and expenditure was called the Ministry of Finance. The English word for the U.S. government counterpart is "Department of Treasury", which originally means Treasury or Treasury, and is also translated as "Ministry of Finance" in China.